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FIGURE 2 in Spionidae (Annelida) from shallow waters around the British Islands: an identification guide for the NMBAQC Scheme with an overview of spionid morphology and biology

FIGURE 2. Spionid adult morphology. Head and anterior segments, all with palps missing. A, Aurospio dibranchiata, anterior end, dorsal view, rounded prostomium, short caruncle extending over segment 1, and two pairs of small branchiae on segments 3 and 4. B, Laonice sp., left fronto-lateral view, prostomium well separated from peristomium, anterior part of U-shaped nuchal organ, and branchiae from segment 2 free from notopodial lamellae. C, Malacoceros sp., anterior end, left lateral view, prostomium with fronto-lateral horns, and branchiae from segment 1 basally fused to notopodial lamellae. D, Laonice cirrata, left fronto-lateral view, prostomium fused to peristomium on fronto-lateral margin, and occipital antenna. E, Microspio sp., anterior end, dorsal view, prostomium bifurcate anteriorly and clearly divided into anterior, middle and posterior parts, branchiae from segment 2 free from notopodial lamellae. F, Microspio sp., anterior end, dorsal view, prostomium rounded anteriorly, branchiae from segment 2 basally fused to notopodial lamellae. an—occipital antenna; br—branchia; fh—frontolateral prostomial horn; lo—lateral ciliated organ; nu—nuchal organ; pa—palp scar; pe—peristomium; pr—prostomium. Scales: A, B—100 µm. C, D—200 µm. E, F—50 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Spionidae (Annelida) from shallow waters around the British Islands: an identification guide for the NMBAQC Scheme with an overview of spionid morphology and biology

FIGURE 1. Spionid adult morphology. Head and anterior segments, all in dorsal view with palps missing. A, Microspio sp., prostomium narrow and rounded anteriorly. B, Spio cf. filicornis, prostomium wide anteriorly, with frontal median incision. C, Marenzelleria viridis, prostomium wide and rounded anteriorly. D, Polydora cornuta, prostomium bilobed anteriorly. E, Malacoceros sp., prostomium with fronto-lateral horns. F, Spiophanes sp., prostomium with fronto-lateral horns and characteristic crook-like spines in neuropodia of segment 1. an—occipital antenna; cr—crook-like spine; fh—fronto-lateral prostomial horn; lo—lateral ciliated organ. Scales: A, B, D–F—100 µm. C—200 µm.

FIGURE 11. Spionid adult morphology. A in Spionidae (Annelida) from shallow waters around the British Islands: an identification guide for the NMBAQC Scheme with an overview of spionid morphology and biology

FIGURE 11. Spionid adult morphology. A, schematic composition of anterior parapodia in Spionidae adults, three groups of chaetae and two kinds of lamellae in each ramus, and lateral sensory ciliated organ between notopodium and neuropodium. B– E, chaetal arrangement in segment 5 in adult polydorins: B, Pseudopolydora spp., three groups of chaetae and small postchaetal lamellae in each ramus; two kinds of spines (anterior- and posterior-row notochaetae) arranged in two J-shaped rows (reflected J in left lateral view); lateral organs lacking. C, Dipolydora spp. and Polydora spp., typical complete set of chaetae, comprising three groups of notochaetae and a group of neurochaetae (ventral capillaries); anterior-row (slender companion chaetae) and posterior-row (heavy falcate spines) notochaetae arranged in a double diagonal row; lateral organs and all parapodial lamellae lacking. D, Dipolydora armata, reduced set of notochaetae (anterior-row notochaetae lacking) and a group of neurochaetae (ventral capillaries); lateral organs and all parapodial lamellae lacking. E, Polydora cornuta, reduced set of notochaetae (superior notochaetae lacking); ventral chaetae, lateral organs and all parapodial lamellae lacking. F–K, six types of openings of glandular organs on neuropodial postchaetal lamellae of segments 5–14 in Spiophanes adults: F, Type 1, Spiophanes tcherniai, small round holes on segments 5–8. G, Type 2, Spiophanes wigleyi, curved horizontal slits on segments 5–8. H, Type 3, Spiophanes japonicum, semicircular openings with one-lobe chaetal spreader on segments 5–7. I, Type 4, Spiophanes berkeleyorum, ornamented openings with bilobed chaetal spreaders on segments 5–7. J, Type 5, Spiophanes duplex, ornamented openings with trilobed chaetal spreaders on segments 5–7. K, Type 6, simple vertical slits, characteristic of all Spiophanes adults from segment 9 to segments 13–14. Newly developed chaetae are depicted by larger signs. All the schemes show segments in left lateral view. an—anterior row notochaetae; lo—lateral sensory ciliated organ; ne—neuropodial postchaetal lamella; no—notopodial postchaetal lamella; po—posterior row notochaetae; su—superior notochaetae; ve— ventral chaetae. A–E—modified from Radashevsky & Fauchald (2000).

FIGURE 4 in Spionidae (Annelida) from shallow waters around the British Islands: an identification guide for the NMBAQC Scheme with an overview of spionid morphology and biology

FIGURE 4. Spionid adult morphology. Nuchal organs; palps missing in A–C. A, Spiophanes sp., anterior end, dorsal view, bell-shaped prostomium with extended fronto-lateral edges, and nuchal organs as long straight longitudinal ciliary bands; notice that prostomium not extending posteriorly as a caruncle. B, Spio sp., anterior end, dorsal view, anterior J-shaped metamers of nuchal organs. C, Prionospio sp., anterior end, fronto-dorsal view, U-shaped nuchal organs, ear-like structure formed by fusion of posterior dorsal part of peristomium and notopodial postchaetal lamella of segment 1, and everted proboscis. D, Spio cf. filicornis, middle segments, dorsal view, paired oval nuchal metamers. E, Laonice sp., middle segments, dorsal view, posterior part of long low caruncle sided by U-shaped nuchal organs. F, Dispio sp., middle segments, dorsal view, nuchal metamers and various dorsal ciliation. ea—ear-like structure; lo—lateral ciliated organ; nt—nototroch; nu—nuchal organ; pa—palp scar; pb—proboscis; pe—peristomium; pr—prostomium; tc—intersegmental transverse ciliation. Scales: A, C, F—100 µm. B, D—50 µm. E—30 µm.

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Supporting tables and figures for Cancel Villamil JJ, Locke SA (2022) - Fish assemblage response to removal of a low‐head dam in the lower reach of a tropical island river, Freshwater Biology

Table S1 summarizes studies of the effects of dams on freshwater fish assemblages Table S2 provides results of fishing in 39 samples in three rivers in Puerto Rico in 2017-2019. See 2, below. Figure S1 shows the relationship between fish species richness and time spent electrofishing in these samples. Abstract of article: 1. Dams are often removed from rivers to restore habitat connectivity for biota such as fish. Removal of inland dams is well studied in temperate mainland rivers but this approach has been little studied in fish assemblages in islands, tropic systems, or for dams near the mouth of the river. In Puerto Rico, one of the most intensively dammed territories in the world, all native river fishes migrate between fresh water and the sea, and previous work shows these movements are impeded or blocked by dams. 2. Fish assemblages were compared before and after removal of the Cambalache dam, a porous, low-head structure near the mouth of the Río Grande de Arecibo, as well as in two other rivers in Western Puerto Rico, one with a similarly sized and positioned dam, and one reference river without artificial barriers. Fish were sampled using backpack electrofishing on 39 occasions during 2017-2019, including seven samples collected after removal of the Cambalache dam, at between four and six sites per river. 3. Fish assemblages upstream from dams were poorer in species, and species richness showed a marginal tendency (P=0.0515) to increase upstream of the Cambalache dam three months after its removal. The two small lowland dams studied herein limited the upstream extent of marine species, which recolonized upstream sites of the Río Grande de Arecibo after removal of the Cambalache dam. An estimate of relative density (catch per unit effort) of common native freshwater species was higher above these two dams, and decreased at upstream sites after removal of the Cambalache dam. The estimated relative density of a native freshwater species that is of conservation concern, the American eel (Anguilla rostrata), was reduced above dams, and increased upstream of the former Cambalache dam after its removal. 4. In extensive surveys conducted previously in Puerto Rico, sampling was concentrated higher in the watershed, and native fishes were more common and abundant below than above dams. The present work was conducted near the river mouth, and opposite results were observed. These contrasting results suggest that the effects of dams (or dam removal) on fish assemblages vary along the river gradient, although data from other systems are needed to confirm this. 5. The present results suggest low-head dam removal to be a viable method of restoring connectivity in fish assemblages in lower reaches of rivers in Puerto Rico and, potentially, other tropical islands. Removal of dams near the mouth of the river appears to be of particular benefit to marine fish species that use lower river reaches.

Supplementary material 1 from: Knight L, Brancelj A, Hänfling B, Cheney C (2015) The groundwater invertebrate fauna of the Channel Islands. Subterranean Biology 15: 69-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4792

Table 2: Invertebrate taxa recorded from wells and boreholes on Jersey: Explanation note: List of taxa recorded on Jersey.

Supplementary material 4 from: Knight L, Brancelj A, Hänfling B, Cheney C (2015) The groundwater invertebrate fauna of the Channel Islands. Subterranean Biology 15: 69-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4792

Table 5: Invertebrate taxa recorded from wells and boreholes on Sark: Explanation note: List of taxa recorded on Sark.

Supplementary material 3 from: Knight L, Brancelj A, Hänfling B, Cheney C (2015) The groundwater invertebrate fauna of the Channel Islands. Subterranean Biology 15: 69-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4792

Table 4: Invertebrate taxa recorded from wells and boreholes on Alderney: Explanation note: List of taxa recorded on Alderney.

Supplementary material 2 from: Knight L, Brancelj A, Hänfling B, Cheney C (2015) The groundwater invertebrate fauna of the Channel Islands. Subterranean Biology 15: 69-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4792

Table 3: Invertebrate taxa recorded from wells, boreholes and springs on Guernsey: Explanation note: List of taxa recorded on Guernsey.

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Supporting tables and figures for Cancel Villamil JJ, Locke SA (2022) - Fish assemblage response to removal of a low‐head dam in the lower reach of a tropical island river, Freshwater Biology

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Of islands on islands: Natural habitat fragmentation drives microallopatric differentiation in the context of distinct biological assemblages

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Figures 27-30 from: Sendra A, López H, Selfa J, Oromí P (2020) Two new dipluran species unearthed from subterranean habitats of the Canary Islands (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha). Subterranean Biology 34: 39-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.34.50231

Figures 27-30 Remycampa herbanica sp. nov. 27 Dorsal view of abdomen, right side, holotype 28 male first urosternite, paratype 29 female first urosternite 30 left stylus and vesicle of the fifth urosternite. s = setiform sensillum).

Figures 31-34 from: Sendra A, López H, Selfa J, Oromí P (2020) Two new dipluran species unearthed from subterranean habitats of the Canary Islands (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha). Subterranean Biology 34: 39-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.34.50231

Figures 31-34 Spaniocampa relicta sp. nov. 31 Pro-, meso- and metanotum of holotype 32 female first ursoternite, right side, paratype 33 fourth urosternite, right side, female paratype 34 eighth to tenth abdominal segments, ventral view, right side, holotype.

Figures 17-20 from: Sendra A, López H, Selfa J, Oromí P (2020) Two new dipluran species unearthed from subterranean habitats of the Canary Islands (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha). Subterranean Biology 34: 39-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.34.50231

Figures 17-20 Remycampa herbanica sp. nov. 17 Pronotum 18 detail of pronotum with medial anterior macrosetae 19 detail of pronotum with lateral anterior and lateral posterior macrosetae 20 detail of pronotum with clothing setae.

Figures 5-12 from: Sendra A, López H, Selfa J, Oromí P (2020) Two new dipluran species unearthed from subterranean habitats of the Canary Islands (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha). Subterranean Biology 34: 39-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.34.50231

Figures 5-12 Remycampa herbanica sp. nov. 5 Distal antennomere 6 lateral detail of the cupuliform organ with olfactory chemoreceptors 7 cupuliform organ 8 apical end of an olfactory chemoreceptor 9 medial antennomere 10 gouge sensilla 11 frontal process 12 ventral view of the head, detail of labial palps and submentum.

Figures 13-16 from: Sendra A, López H, Selfa J, Oromí P (2020) Two new dipluran species unearthed from subterranean habitats of the Canary Islands (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha). Subterranean Biology 34: 39-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.34.50231

Figures 13-16 Remycampa herbanica sp. nov. 13 Pro-, meso- and metanotum of holotype, left side 14 detail of pronotum with medial anterior macrosetae 15 left posterior portion of pronotum and left anterior anterior portion of mesonotum 16 right posterior portion of mesonotum with lateral posterior macrosetae.

Figures 1-3 from: Sendra A, López H, Selfa J, Oromí P (2020) Two new dipluran species unearthed from subterranean habitats of the Canary Islands (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha). Subterranean Biology 34: 39-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.34.50231

Figures 1-3 Cueva de Montaña Blanca, El Castillo, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands. 1 Interior of the volcanic tube 2 entrance to the cave through a concrete tunnel 3 view of the entrance of the cave in an abandoned building.

Figures 21-26 from: Sendra A, López H, Selfa J, Oromí P (2020) Two new dipluran species unearthed from subterranean habitats of the Canary Islands (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha). Subterranean Biology 34: 39-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.34.50231

Figures 21-26 Remycampa herbanica sp. nov. metathoracic leg. 21 Distal portion of the tarsus 22 detail of claws 23 right metathoracic leg 24 pretarsus 25 joint between tibia and tarsus with a calcar 26 medial portion of tibia with ventral macrosetae.

Figure 4 from: Sendra A, López H, Selfa J, Oromí P (2020) Two new dipluran species unearthed from subterranean habitats of the Canary Islands (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha). Subterranean Biology 34: 39-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.34.50231

Figure 4 Brezal del Palmital, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain, site in the MSS where a pitfall was installed; dashed line shows the limit between epigean and hypogean (i.e. subterranean) environments.