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Fig. 1 in Not playing by the rules: Unusual patterns in the epidemiology of parasites in a natural population of feral horses (Equus caballus) on Sable Island, Canada

Fig. 1. Map of Sable Island, Canada, which is about 50 km long, 1 km wide at its widest point, and in total, 34 km2 (from Gold et al., 2019).

Fig. 3 in Not playing by the rules: Unusual patterns in the epidemiology of parasites in a natural population of feral horses (Equus caballus) on Sable Island, Canada

Fig. 3. Proportions of third-stage larvae of large and small strongyle species cultured from feces of 81 Sable Island horses in summer 2014, showing an unusual dominance of S. equinus in adult horses. Larvae with a rhabditiform pharynx were rare in young (1–3 years) and adult horses (≥3 years), but common in foals, which could represent larvae of Strongyloides westeri.

Fig. 2 in Effects of introduced sika deer (Cervus nippon) and population control activity on the distribution of Haemaphysalis ticks in an island environment

Fig. 2. Seasonal changes in tick abundance of the dominant species (A) H. megaspinosa, (B) H. longicornis, and (C) H. cornigera on Niijima Island. (Broken line with black dot: Larvae, Dotted-dashes line with back triangles: Nymphs, Solid line with crosses: Adults).

Fig. 3 in Effects of introduced sika deer (Cervus nippon) and population control activity on the distribution of Haemaphysalis ticks in an island environment

Fig. 3. Statistical summary of the abundances of H. megaspinosa larvae. (A) Days since the last sika deer was captured in August–November, (B) days since the last sika deer was captured in August–November for the high sika deer group, and (C) days since the last sika deer was captured in August–November for the low sika deer group. (X mark inside box: mean, lower and upper side of the box: first and third quartiles, line inside box: median, lower and upper error lines 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively, circles: data falling outside 10th and 90th percentiles).

Fig. 1 in Effects of introduced sika deer (Cervus nippon) and population control activity on the distribution of Haemaphysalis ticks in an island environment

Fig. 1. Map of Niijima Island, with locations of foot snare traps (black circle), and tick collection routes for the tick survey conducted June, August, and November of 2018 and February of 2019 (orange area). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in Louse flies in Azorean and mainland populations of four Passeriformes species: A new perspective to parasite Island syndromes

Fig. 4. Map showing the prevalence (represented by different color; yellow color represent the prevalence of uninfested birds) of hippoboscid fly species in blackbirds, blackcaps, chaffinches and robins in the each of the sampled Azorean Islands (S˜ao Miguel, Terceira and Flores) and the mainland Portugal. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Louse flies in Azorean and mainland populations of four Passeriformes species: A new perspective to parasite Island syndromes

Fig. 1. Map of the mainland Portugal and Azores Islands with the geographic distribution of the study areas (Silves, Olh˜ao, S˜ao Miguel Island, Terceira Island and Flores Island).

Fig. 3 in Louse flies in Azorean and mainland populations of four Passeriformes species: A new perspective to parasite Island syndromes

Fig. 3. Prevalence (%) of hippoboscid fly species found on blackbirds, blackcaps, chaffinches and robins from the Azores Islands and mainland Portugal.

Fig. 5 in Louse flies in Azorean and mainland populations of four Passeriformes species: A new perspective to parasite Island syndromes

Fig. 5. Photos of phoretic association of Guimaraesiella amsel on Ornithomya fringillina (A) and Epidermoptidae mites on Ornithoica turdi (B). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Louse flies in Azorean and mainland populations of four Passeriformes species: A new perspective to parasite Island syndromes

Fig. 2. Photos of three species of hippoboscid fly and their wings collected from Passeriformes species: (A and B) Ornithoica turdi, (C and D) Ornithomya fringillina and (E and F) Icosta minor. Scale bar: 1 mm.

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Table 1 in Indotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803): distribution and oldest record of collection dates in Oceania, with report of a newly established population in French Polynesia (Tahiti Island, Society Archipelago)

<p><b>Table 1</b>. Earliest known arrival dates of the snake <i>Indotyphlops braminus</i> on the Oceanian islands and archipelagos according to publications or collection vouchers.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Country</b></th><th><b>Earliest date</b></th><th><b>Reference</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Mariana Islands</th><td>1819</td><td>A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron 1844</td></tr><tr><th>Mariana Islands, Guam</th><td>1819</td><td>A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron 1844</td></tr><tr><th>New Guinea</th><td>1912</td><td>Barbour 1912</td></tr><tr><th>Hawai'i</th><td>1930</td><td>Slevin 1930</td></tr><tr><th>Carolines (Pohnpei)</th><td>1936</td><td>Buden 2000</td></tr><tr><th>Mariana Islands, Tinian</th><td>1945</td><td>Cagle 1946</td></tr><tr><th>Mariana Islands, Saipan</th><td>1945</td><td>Cagle 1946</td></tr><tr><th>Marshall Islands</th><td>1954</td><td>Knight 1984</td></tr><tr><th>Palau (Belau)</th><td>1955</td><td>Crombie & Pregill 1999</td></tr><tr><th>Solomon Isl.</th><td>1961</td><td>McDowell 1974</td></tr><tr><th>Vanuatu</th><td>1971</td><td>Medway & Marshall 1975</td></tr><tr><th>Bonin Island</th><td>1971</td><td>Shigei 1971</td></tr><tr><th>New Caledonia</th><td>1974</td><td>Ineich & Bauer 1992</td></tr><tr><th>Fiji</th><td>1983</td><td>Clunie 1983</td></tr><tr><th>Mariana Islands, Rota</th><td>1987</td><td>Wiles et al. 1990</td></tr><tr><th>Loyalty Islands</th><td>1991</td><td>Shea & Wallach 2000</td></tr><tr><th>American Samoa</th><td>1992</td><td>CAS 195919</td></tr><tr><th>Midway Atoll</th><td>1998</td><td>Wallach 2008</td></tr><tr><th>Nauru</th><td>2007</td><td>Buden 2008</td></tr><tr><th>Kiribati (Gilbert Isl.)</th><td>2007</td><td>Craven & Shea 2010</td></tr><tr><th>Western Samoa</th><td>2009</td><td>Bonin & Shea 2009</td></tr><tr><th>Tahiti Island, French Polynesia</th><td>2014</td><td>This paper</td></tr></tbody></table>

Figure 1 in 'Mainland-island' population structure of a terrestrial salamander in a forest-bocage landscape with little evidence for in situ ecological speciation

Figure 1. ContinentalFrancewiththedepartmentMayennehighlighted (A) andhabitatmodelforthe Fire salamander indepartment Mayenne (B). Themap representsthe habitat suitability model Ps = (1/ (1 + exp(−0.0303*percent_forest_cover-0.00562*altitude-0.0299*percent_hedgerow_cover + 1.769))) and was visualized with ILWIS 3.6 software58, available at https://52north.org/software/software-projects/ilwis/. Habitat suitability increases from deep blue with a probability of occurrence of zero to deep red with a probability of occurrence at unity (see colour bar). Prime fire salamander habitats are found at higher altitudes and are forested (in black) or with a dense hedgerow cover. Populations genetically investigated are located in and around the largely deciduous forests Forêt de Bourgon (FB) and Bois de Hermet (BH) and listed in Table 1.The outer geographicalcoordinates of the department are 1.239–0.049W and 47.733–48.568N.

Figure 3 in 'Mainland-island' population structure of a terrestrial salamander in a forest-bocage landscape with little evidence for in situ ecological speciation

Figure 3. (A) Clustering of pairwise Fst-values of Kottenforstfire salamanderpopulations (localities K01-K47) with the UPGMA-method. Numbers K01-K27 represent populations in the western section of the forest and K28-K47 represent populationsin the eastern section of the forest. The basal cluster at Fst <0.04 is composed of two groups (shaded) composed of mostly eastern (14/16 = 88%) or mostlywestern localities (14/15 = 93%). Populations breeding in streams are shown by the letter S. Note that populations that join the dendrogram at higher Fst-values are characterized by mostlysmall effectivepopulation sizes (Ňe ≤ 10, indicated by small open dots; X – Ňe not determined). B top panel - Populationsplotted along the firstand second axis of a principal component analysis. Middle panel - Ellipses represent means ± standarddeviation for sevenstream populations (left ellipse) and 40 non-streampopulations (right ellipse). Lower panel - Ellipsesrepresent means ± standard deviation forthe western (left) and eastern (right) sectionof the Kottenforst, forsmall populations (Ňe ≤ 10) shown by interruptedlines andfor larger populations (Ňe> 10) shown by uninterrupted lines. Notethat for the larger populations the ellipses for western and eastern localities do not overlap.

Figure 4. MicrosatellitepopulationgeneticdataforthefiresalamanderintheKottenforst, Germany21,24 in 'Mainland-island' population structure of a terrestrial salamander in a forest-bocage landscape with little evidence for in situ ecological speciation

Figure 4. MicrosatellitepopulationgeneticdataforthefiresalamanderintheKottenforst, Germany21,24 analyzed in the framework of allopatric speciation, i.e. a secondary spatial contact of a western pond-breeding lineage and an eastern stream-breeding lineage. The 95% credible cline regions are shown by grey shading. Solid and open round symbolsrepresent larger (Ňe> 10) andsmall populations (Ňe ≤ 10), respectively. Note that the stream-breeding populations that gave the composite genotype its name are all located in the eastern section of the Kottenforst (six data points indicated with a forward slash (/). One 'intermittent stream' in the western section is indicated by a backward slash. Also note the paucity of data at and around the steepest part of the clines. A – loadings on the first PC axis versus geographical distance. The clinecentre is at km 365.3 of the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid. Cline width is 3952 m. B – frequency of the stream-breeding genotype versus distance (after21). Thecline centre is at UTM km 365.1 and the cline widthis 1108 m. For model details see Supplementary Information VI.

Figure 2 in 'Mainland-island' population structure of a terrestrial salamander in a forest-bocage landscape with little evidence for in situ ecological speciation

Figure 2. (A) Clustering of pairwise Fst-values of firesalamander populations (Mayenne localities 1–41) with the UPGMA-method. The basal cluster at Fst <0.010 is mostly composed of forest populations (F, 17/21 = 81%) whereas populationsthat jointhe dendrogramat higher Fst-values are mostly fromthe bocage (B, 14/20 = 70%). At Fst> 0.025 the contribution of the bocage populations is eightout of eight. Notethat populations thatjoin the dendrogram at the highest Fst-values are characterizedby mostly small effective population sizes (Ňe ≤ 10, indicated by small open dots). (B) Populations plotted along the first and second axis of a principal component analysis. The 23 forest populations are shown by small solid round symbols and the solid ellipse represents the mean ± standard deviation. Eighteenpopulations from the bocageare shown by large open round symbols, with the mean ± standard deviation shown bythe widerellipse with the interrupted line.

Figure 4 in Population dynamics and reproduction of the hermit crab Calcinus gaimardii (Anomura: Diogenidae) at Inhaca Island, southern Mozambique

Figure 4. Reproductive activity of Calcinus gaimardii (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) at Inhaca Island, southern Mozambique. Bars sharing the same letter do not differ statistically (Scheffé's test, P.0.05).

Figure 3 in Population dynamics and reproduction of the hermit crab Calcinus gaimardii (Anomura: Diogenidae) at Inhaca Island, southern Mozambique

Figure 3. Calcinus gaimardii (H. Milne Edwards, 1848). Relationship between sex ratio and crab size.

Figure 2 in Population dynamics and reproduction of the hermit crab Calcinus gaimardii (Anomura: Diogenidae) at Inhaca Island, southern Mozambique

Figure 2. Calcinus gaimardii (H. Milne Edwards, 1848). Frequency of crabs sampled at Inhaca Island during the study period.

Figure 1 in Population dynamics and reproduction of the hermit crab Calcinus gaimardii (Anomura: Diogenidae) at Inhaca Island, southern Mozambique

Figure 1. Whisker plots (mean¡SD) representing size variation of Calcinus gaimardii (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) of males (A) and females (B).