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FIGURE 7 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 7. Result of segmentation of the upper jaw of the specimen, from frontal (1), rear (2), left-lateral (3) views and the transverse section of the area (4) indicated as a square in (3). The three-dimensional reconstruction (5) shows areal distributions of the "chitinous" lamellae and the calcareous covering. The reconstruction of the transverse section (6), which corresponds to (4), shows the architecture of the outer lamella. The abbreviations are indicated in (5).
FIGURE 6 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 6. Result of segmentation of the lower jaw of the specimen, from lateral view which is restricted to its anterior and posterior portion (1). Three-dimensional reconstruction (2) suggests a wide distribution of calcareous material. The outer calcareous layer on the outer "chitinous" layer is partly taken off in (2). The transverse section of the area indicated as a square in (1) shows that the calcareous covering of the lower jaw also covers the internal surface of the "chitinous" lamella (3). The abbreviation is indicated in (2).
FIGURE 4 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 4. Linear absorption coefficient (LAC) of the internal portions of the specimen estimated by their mean luminance values in the tomographic images. The numbers (1)-(10) correspond to the materials in Table 1. The dashed lines indicate the known values for the materials (Chantler et al., 2005) that could be expected to be observed in the specimen. Note that glycine is the most dominant amino acid in jaws of Octopus vulgaris (Hunt and Nixon, 1981). The relationship between LAC values and luminance values is based on the assumption that the LAC values for the surrounding air are zero and that the crystals precipitated in the phragmocone are calcite.
FIGURE 3 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 3. Serial cross-sections of the body chamber portion of the specimen cut from the venter (1) to the dorsum (4), in which sectioned images of the upper jaw are shown. Note that the vertical stripes are due to the separated scanning.
Fig. 6. Thrinacodus incurvus ferox morphotype. Specimens TCD.36792 and TCD.36801 in Early Carboniferous chondrichthyan Thrinacodus from Ireland, and a reconstruction of jaw apparatus
Fig. 6. Thrinacodus incurvus ferox morphotype. Specimens TCD.36792 and TCD.36801 are from the Kilbride Limestone Formation, Polygnathus mehli conodont Zone, Ivorian (probably Freyrian), late Tournaisian. Specimen TCD.36803 is from the Lyraun Cove Shale Member of the Porter's Gate formation Polygnathus inornatus conodont Zone, Hastarian, Tournaisian. Specimens TCD.36804 and TCD.36805 are from the Upper Ballysteen Limestone Polygnathus mehli conodont Zone, Ivorian (pre−Freyrian), late Tournaisian. A. TCD.36801 in dorso−lateral (A1), dorso−lateral (A2), lateral (A3), and labial (A4) views. B. TCD.36803 in dorsal (B1) and lateral view (B2). C. TCD.36804 in dorsal view. D. TCD.36805 in dorsal (D1) and lingual (D2) views. E. TCD.36792 in dorso−lingual view. Scale bars 200 µm.
Fig. 5 in Early Carboniferous chondrichthyan Thrinacodus from Ireland, and a reconstruction of jaw apparatus
Fig. 5. Thrinacodus incurvus ferox morphotype Kilbride Limestone Formation, Polygnathus mehli conodont Zone, Ivorian (probably Freyrian), late Tournaisian. A. TCD.36800 in dorsal view. B. TCD.36794 in dorsal (B1), lingual (B2), and labial (B3) views. C. TCD.36799 in dorsal view. D. TCD.36798 in dorsolabial view. E. TCD.36795 in dorsal (E1) and labial (E2) views. F. TCD.36796 in dorsal view. G. TCD.36793 in labiolateral (G1) and labial (G2) views. H. TCD.36797 in dorsal view. B2, B3, E2, G1, G2, scale bars 200 mm; A, B1, C, D, E1, F, H, scale bars 500 µm.
Fig. 4 in Early Carboniferous chondrichthyan Thrinacodus from Ireland, and a reconstruction of jaw apparatus
Fig. 4. Thrinacodus incurvus nanus morphotype. Both specimens are from the Kilbride Limestone Formation, Polygnathus mehli Zone, Ivorian (probably Freyrian), late Tournaisian. A. TCD.36802 in dorsolabial (A1), lingual (A2), labial (A3), and lateral (A4) views. B. TCD.36808 in lingual (B1), dorsolabial (B2), dorsolingual (B3), and lateral (B4) views. Scale bars 200 µm.
Fig. 3 in Early Carboniferous chondrichthyan Thrinacodus from Ireland, and a reconstruction of jaw apparatus
Fig. 3. Possible reconstructions of front part of a Thrinacodus mouth. A, B. Using Thrinacodus incurvus ferox and nanus morphotype teeth. C, D. Using Thrinacodus incurvus ferox morphotype teeth only. E. Reconstruction by Turner (1982) for comparison. Key: a is the robust end member, b the fine end member and c the sharply recurved tooth of T. incurvus ferox morphotype, d is T. incurvus nanus morphotype tooth.
Fig. 1 in Early Carboniferous chondrichthyan Thrinacodus from Ireland, and a reconstruction of jaw apparatus
Fig. 1. Geological map of Ireland showing the locations from which Thrinacodus incurvus teeth were isolated. 1, Lyraun Cove Shale Member, Porter's Gate Formation, Hook Head, County Wexford. 2, Urlingford borehole, Upper Ballysteen Limestone, near Urlingford, County Kilkenny. 3, Kilbride Quarries, Kilbride Limestone Formation, near Nobber, County Meath.
FIGURE 2 in Late Jurassic jaw bones of Halecomorph fish (Actinopterygii: Halecomorphi) studied with X-ray microcomputed tomography
FIGURE 2. Panoramic view of the highest level of exploitation in Owadów-Brzezinki quarry (i.e., unit III and most fossiliferous 'Corbulomima horizon' occurring in the middle of the quarry wall).
FIGURE 4 in Late Jurassic jaw bones of Halecomorph fish (Actinopterygii: Halecomorphi) studied with X-ray microcomputed tomography
FIGURE 4. Maxillary bone of osteichthyan fish Caturus sp. (ZPAL P.16/O-B/2): 1-2. reconstruction of 3-D 'virtual fossils'— the same specimen after digital processing and analysis of tomographic data (scale bars equal 10 mm). 3. vertical sections of Caturus sp. teeth. 4. just after discovery.
FIGURE 1 in Late Jurassic jaw bones of Halecomorph fish (Actinopterygii: Halecomorphi) studied with X-ray microcomputed tomography
FIGURE 1. Map of Poland (1) with the location of the Owadów-Brzezinki Quarry (2B) near Tomaszów Mazowiecki.
FIGURE 3 in Late Jurassic jaw bones of Halecomorph fish (Actinopterygii: Halecomorphi) studied with X-ray microcomputed tomography
FIGURE 3. Jaw bone of osteichthyan fish Furo sp. (ZPAL P.16/O-B/1): 1-2. 3-D model of 'virtual fossils'—a different view of the same specimen after digital processing and analysis of tomographic data. 4. vertical sections of Furo sp. teeth. 5. 3-D printed dentary – 'virtual fossils'. 6. specimen in piece of limestone (scale bars equal 10 mm).
Linked collectors and determiners for: Notes on slender species of the long-jawed spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae Tetragnathidae) with description of three new species.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Notes on slender species of the long-jawed spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae Tetragnathidae) with description of three new species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/30ae322a-ca5b-4981-9e20-acac3d0f57b7">https://bionomia.net/dataset/30ae322a-ca5b-4981-9e20-acac3d0f57b7</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/30ae322a-ca5b-4981-9e20-acac3d0f57b7">https://gbif.org/dataset/30ae322a-ca5b-4981-9e20-acac3d0f57b7</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Text-fig. 4. Lower jaw fragments. Hanakia agadjaniani: a – PCMRCh101, left p2, Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; b – BSP 1976 XXII 5490, left mnd with m2–3, Petersbuch 2, occlusal (b1) and lateral (b2) views; c – PCMRCh10, right mnd with C inf.–p2, Petersbuch 2, lingual (c1) and occlusal (c2) views; d – BSP 1976 XXII 5492, right mnd with m2, Petersbuch 2, lateral view; e – BSP 1976 XXII 5491, right mnd with p4–m1; Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; f – PCMRCh11, left mnd with m1–3, Petersbuch 2, occlusal view. in The Early Miocene Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) From The Karstic Sites Of Erkertshofen And Petersbuch 2 (Southern Germany)
Text-fig. 4. Lower jaw fragments. Hanakia agadjaniani: a – PCMRCh101, left p2, Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; b – BSP 1976 XXII 5490, left mnd with m2–3, Petersbuch 2, occlusal (b1) and lateral (b2) views; c – PCMRCh10, right mnd with C inf.–p2, Petersbuch 2, lingual (c1) and occlusal (c2) views; d – BSP 1976 XXII 5492, right mnd with m2, Petersbuch 2, lateral view; e – BSP 1976 XXII 5491, right mnd with p4–m1; Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; f – PCMRCh11, left mnd with m1–3, Petersbuch 2, occlusal view.
Text-fig. 6. Lower jaw fragments of different fossil and recent Plecotini, occlusal view. a, b –Plecotus aff. atavus, fragment of left mnd with p4, Gritsev: a – specimen Ch/G-096; b – specimen Ch/G-104; c – P. cf. atavus, SNSB-BSPG 1962 XIX 4201, right p4, Erkertshofen 1, occlusal view; d – P. auritus, ZMMU S-174773, fragment of right mnd with p4, recent; e – P. schoepfelii, NMA P28/0478, fragment of right mnd with p4, Petersbuch 28. in The Early Miocene Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) From The Karstic Sites Of Erkertshofen And Petersbuch 2 (Southern Germany)
Text-fig. 6. Lower jaw fragments of different fossil and recent Plecotini, occlusal view. a, b –Plecotus aff. atavus, fragment of left mnd with p4, Gritsev: a – specimen Ch/G-096; b – specimen Ch/G-104; c – P. cf. atavus, SNSB-BSPG 1962 XIX 4201, right p4, Erkertshofen 1, occlusal view; d – P. auritus, ZMMU S-174773, fragment of right mnd with p4, recent; e – P. schoepfelii, NMA P28/0478, fragment of right mnd with p4, Petersbuch 28.
Text-fig. 3. Upper jaw fragments. a–g, i, l – Hanakia agadjaniani: a – PCMRCh90, left mxl with M1–3, Petersbuch 2, ventral view; b – PCMRCh91, left mxl with M2–3, Petersbuch 2, ventral view; c – BSP 1976 XXII 5488, right mxl with M1–3, Petersbuch 2, ventral view; d – BSP 1974 XIV 1192, right mxl with P4–M3, Erkertshofen 2, ventral view; e – PCMRCh9, right C sup., Petersbuch 2, lingual view; f – PCMRCh8, right C sup., Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; g – PCMRCh99, left P2, Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; i – PCMRCh114, left M2, Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; l – BSP 1976 XXII 5489, left mxl with P2–M2, Petersbuch 2, ventral view; h – H. agadjaniani, NMA P62/0334, right mxl with P2–M2, Petersbuch 62, ventral view; j, k – H. aff. antiquus, Petersbuch 2: j – PCMRCh2, left M1, occlusal view; k – PCMRCh1, left M2, occlusal view. in The Early Miocene Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) From The Karstic Sites Of Erkertshofen And Petersbuch 2 (Southern Germany)
Text-fig. 3. Upper jaw fragments. a–g, i, l – Hanakia agadjaniani: a – PCMRCh90, left mxl with M1–3, Petersbuch 2, ventral view; b – PCMRCh91, left mxl with M2–3, Petersbuch 2, ventral view; c – BSP 1976 XXII 5488, right mxl with M1–3, Petersbuch 2, ventral view; d – BSP 1974 XIV 1192, right mxl with P4–M3, Erkertshofen 2, ventral view; e – PCMRCh9, right C sup., Petersbuch 2, lingual view; f – PCMRCh8, right C sup., Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; g – PCMRCh99, left P2, Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; i – PCMRCh114, left M2, Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; l – BSP 1976 XXII 5489, left mxl with P2–M2, Petersbuch 2, ventral view; h – H. agadjaniani, NMA P62/0334, right mxl with P2–M2, Petersbuch 62, ventral view; j, k – H. aff. antiquus, Petersbuch 2: j – PCMRCh2, left M1, occlusal view; k – PCMRCh1, left M2, occlusal view.
Fig. 4. Right upper jaw with P4–M3 in Propalaeocastor (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene of Burqin Basin, Xinjiang
Fig. 4. Right upper jaw with P4–M3 (IVPP V13690) of Propalaeocastor irtyshensis, n.sp. A, Occlusal view of right P4–M3 (stereograph); B, occlusal view of right P4–M3 (inverse); C, anterior view of P4, showing unihypsodonty; D, lingual view; E, labial (buccal) view. All scale bars = 5 mm.
Fig. 5 in Side-Necked Turtle Lower Jaws (Podocnemididae, Bothremydidae) from the Late Cretaceous Maevarano Formation of Madagascar
Fig. 5. Partial dentary of possible bothremydid, UA 8708. Left ramus restored by reversing right ramus.
Fig. 4 in Side-Necked Turtle Lower Jaws (Podocnemididae, Bothremydidae) from the Late Cretaceous Maevarano Formation of Madagascar
Fig. 4. Photographs of the partial dentary of a possible bothremydid, UA 8708, in: A, dorsal view; B, right lateral view; C, anterior view; and D, posterior view. Scale bar equals 3 cms.
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