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67 results for “ladybird beetle”
Fig. 5 in The mitochondrial genomes of ladybird beetles and implications for evolution and phylogeny
Fig. 5. Ancestral state reconstructions of food preferences based on the PCGRNA-ML tree performed under Mesquite using parsimony method. Probabilities of character states are presented at nodes with pie diagrams.
Genetic diversity of the zigzag ladybird beetle, Cheilomenes sexmaculata F. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with its distribution in India and implications for biological control
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Data from: Genetic divergence with ongoing gene flow is maintained by the use of different hosts in phytophagous ladybird beetles genus Henosepilachna
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Ladybird beetles' life history traits
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Omnivory in predatory ladybird beetles is widespread and driven by an appetite for sterols
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Figure 3 in Geographic distribution, host plants, and morphological variation of the currently radiating phytophagous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna diekei
Figure 3. Variation of the elytral pattern and abdominal melanism of Henosepilachna diekei. Dorsal view (top) and lateral view (middle) of habitus and ventral view of abdomen (bottom) in male specimens collected in Java (1–3), Kalimantan (4), Sulawesi (5, 6) and Lombok (7). Localities of collection were shown upper of each picture, and the host plants are denoted in the parentheses as M; Mikania, L; Leucas, A; Asystacea, C; "Coleus". Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 2 in Geographic distribution, host plants, and morphological variation of the currently radiating phytophagous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna diekei
Figure 2. Distribution and host-plant use of Henosepilachna diekei populations in South East Asia. The distribution of H. diekei was investigated in shaded islands/regions. Localities where the occurrence of H. diekei was observed were shown by the names and symbols for the host plants. Six beetle populations from five localities used for the morphological analysis were black-edged.
Figure 1 in Geographic distribution, host plants, and morphological variation of the currently radiating phytophagous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna diekei
Figure 1. Morphological characters of Henosepilachna diekei measured in the present study. (A) Dorsal and lateral views of habitus with measured body parts; BL, body length; PL, pronotum length; PW, pronotum width; EL, elytra length; EW, elytron width, EH, elytra height. (B) Lateral view of tegmen (PA, paramera; H, hair on penis guide; PG, penis guide). (C) Lateral view of penis (P, Penis; PA, ventral view of apical edge of penis).
Figure 6 in Geographic distribution, host plants, and morphological variation of the currently radiating phytophagous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna diekei
Figure 6. Variation in the structure of apical edge of penis in males of the seven populations of Henosepilachna diekei. Type I, emarginate (filled symbol); Type II, truncate (dark grey symbol); Type III, convex (light grey symbol). Solid line denotes the Wallace line. The number in each pie chart shows the number of specimen. The host plants were shown in the parentheses as M, Mikania; L, Leucas; D, Dicliptera; P, Plectranthus. The different letter on the right shoulder of each box indicates significant difference (P <0.05) after adjustment of P-value for multiple comparisons.
Figure 4 in Geographic distribution, host plants, and morphological variation of the currently radiating phytophagous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna diekei
Figure 4. Body length of seven populations of Henosepilachna diekei. (A) Females; (B) males. The host plants were denoted in the parentheses as M; Mikania, L; Leucas, D; Dicliptera, P; Plectranthus. The different letter on the right shoulder of each box indicates significant difference (P <0.05) after adjustment of P-value for multiple comparisons (NS, P ≥ 0.05).
Data from: Maternal effects and warning signal honesty in eggs and offspring of an aposematic ladybird beetle
1. The eggs of oviparous species are often subject to intense predation pressure. One parental strategy to deter predators is to produce eggs that are laced with noxious chemicals and are conspicuously coloured (i.e. aposematism). 2. Ladybird eggs are conspicuously coloured and contain alkaloids; these traits are believed to function in concert as visual signal and chemical defence, respectively, to deter predators. However, it remains unclear whether such aposematic signals reveal the strength (rather than simply the existence) of chemical defences. 3. Furthermore, additional functions of egg pigments and toxins could apply; in particular mothers might deposit such resources into eggs to aid the development of offspring, or to provide resources that could contribute to aposematic traits in offspring. 4. We bred wild-caught seven-spot ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata) in the laboratory, and then measured relationships between egg colouration and toxin concentrations (i.e. the alkaloids precoccinelline and coccinelline). We also measured relationships between egg carotenoids and egg colouration, and between egg colouration and toxin levels, and the elytra colouration and toxin concentrations of offspring at eclosion for a subset of eggs that were allowed to develop. 5. Egg carotenoids predicted egg colour saturation. In turn egg colour saturation and hue positively predicted egg concentrations of precoccinelline. However, there were no significant relationships between egg coccinelline concentration and any measure of egg colouration. 6. In recently eclosed adults of both sexes elytra saturation was significantly explained by variation in egg saturation and hue. Finally, body concentrations of coccinelline were significantly explained by variation in elytra hue. 7. These results suggest that the colouration of C. septempunctata eggs is a reliable signal of the strength of chemical defences contained therein, but in addition, maternal investment of pigments and toxins into eggs may serve to influence the reliability of aposematic signalling in resultant offspring.
Data from: Multiple factors, including arena size, influence the functional responses of ladybird beetles
1. Functional response studies are often used to determine the suitability of predators as biocontrol agents. Ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) often are used for the control of crop pests such as aphids. However, most functional response studies on coccinellids compare a limited number of species at different life stages, temperatures, or sexes. A large-scale comparison of ladybird beetle functional responses is needed to evaluate the utility of these species as potential biocontrol predators and to understand the traits that influence the interaction strength between ladybird beetles and their prey. 2. We compiled 158 ladybird beetle functional responses from 30 studies and tested for effects of taxa, traits, temperature, and arena size on functional response parameters using linear mixed-effects models. 3. Our results show that functional response parameters (handling time and space clearance rate) are affected by predator stage, predator mass, prey type, temperature, and arena size. Although complicated by interaction terms, space clearance rate generally increased with predator size, temperature, and predator stage, while handling time decreased with predator size, temperature, and predator stage. Coleopteran prey induced the highest handling times. 4. Our results also show that experimental arena size has a large, consistent effect on space clearance rate. Arena size is more important in determining foraging rates at low prey densities than any other factor considered here, including predator mass and temperature. Efforts to use laboratory-based functional response experiments to evaluate the efficacy of biocontrol predators are therefore confounded by the choice of arena size. 5. Synthesis and applications. In addition to confirming known body mass and temperature effects, our study reveals previously unclear age-related effects and the importance of prey types, which can be used to optimize biocontrol programs. The arena size effect is unexpected and problematic because failure to account for arena size precludes accurate comparison of biocontrol predator effectiveness. We suggest managers and biocontrol practitioners re-evaluate the efficacy of candidate biocontrol predators, perhaps by statistically controlling for arena size to minimize the influence of this widely unconsidered factor on functional response estimates.
Figure 1 in Life tables of the ladybird beetles Harmonia axyridis, Cycloneda sanguinea and Hippodamia convergens reared on the greenbug Schizaphis graminum
Figure 1. Survival rate (lx) and specific fecundity (mx) of three species of Coccinellidae fed on Schizaphis graminum.
Figure 2 in Investigations on the cannibalistic behavior of ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under laboratory conditions
Figure 2. Cannibalism of 1st instar larvae by males and females of C. septempunctata. Each bar represents mean larval consumption (M-60 = 60 first instar larvae offered to adult males, F-60 = 60 first instar larvae offered to adult females, M-60-700 = 60 first instars along with 700 aphids offered to males, F-60-700 = 60 first instars along with 700 aphids offered to females). Different letters indicate that means are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05).
Figure 1 in Investigations on the cannibalistic behavior of ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under laboratory conditions
Figure 1. Cannibalism of conspecific eggs by adult males and females of C. septempunctata. Each bar represents mean (±SE) of egg consumption (M-100 = 100 eggs offered to adult males, F-100 = 100 eggs offered to adult females, M-100-100 = 100 eggs along with 100 aphids offered to males, F-100-100 = 100 eggs along with 100 aphids offered to females). Different letters indicate that means are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05).
FIGURE 4 in Two new species of the ladybird beetle Hong Ślipiński from Chile (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Microweiseinae)
FIGURE 4. Hong slipinskii sp. nov.: (A) Abdomen, (B) Anterior leg.
Figure 1 from: Zach P, Panigaj Ľ, Honěk A, Nedvěd O, Kulfan J, Martinková Z, Selyemová D, Viglášová S, Roy H (2014) The invasion history, distribution and colour pattern forms of the harlequin ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pall.) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in Slovakia, Central Europe. ZooKeys 412: 89-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.6587
Figure 1 - Distribution of Harmonia axyridis across Slovakia with the time sequence of the 153 records. Map of the Databank of the Fauna of Slovakia in which each "square" is approximately 11 by 12 km. White circles = 2008, grey circles = 2009, black circles = 2010–2012.
Figure 3 from: Zach P, Panigaj Ľ, Honěk A, Nedvěd O, Kulfan J, Martinková Z, Selyemová D, Viglášová S, Roy H (2014) The invasion history, distribution and colour pattern forms of the harlequin ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pall.) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in Slovakia, Central Europe. ZooKeys 412: 89-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.6587
Figure 3 - Percentage of melanic f. spectabilis and f. conspicua (combined) and a non-melanic f. succinea among adult Harmonia axyridis (n = 953) in eight urban areas along the 380 km long west-east transect across Slovakia. BA – Bratislava, NR – Nitra, LV – Levice, ZV – Zvolen, LC – Lučenec, RV – Rožňava, KE – Košice, MI – Michalovce. 30th July–7th August 2012
Figure 2 from: Zach P, Panigaj Ľ, Honěk A, Nedvěd O, Kulfan J, Martinková Z, Selyemová D, Viglášová S, Roy H (2014) The invasion history, distribution and colour pattern forms of the harlequin ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pall.) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in Slovakia, Central Europe. ZooKeys 412: 89-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.412.6587
Figure 2 - Frequency distribution of the records of Harmonia axyridis from Slovakia, 2008–2012 (n = 153). Data arranged by altitude (m).
Data from: Maternal effects and warning signal honesty in eggs and offspring of an aposematic ladybird beetle
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