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opencc-zeroDec 2009View details →

Data from: Gene flow by larval dispersal in the Antarctic notothenioid fish Gobionotothen gibberifrons

The diversification of the teleost suborder Notothenioidei (Perciformes) in Antarctic waters provides one of the most striking examples of a marine adaptive radiation. Along with a number of adaptations to the cold environment, such as the evolution of antifreeze glycoproteins, notothenioids diversified into eight families and at least 130 species. Here, we investigate the genetic population structure of the humped rockcod (Gobionotothen gibberifrons), a benthic notothenioid fish. Six populations were sampled at different locations around the Scotia Sea, comprising a large part of the species' distribution range (N=165). Our analyses based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data (352 bp) and eight microsatellite markers reveal a lack of genetic structuring over large geographic distances (ΦST≤0.058, F ST≤0.005, p-values nonsignificant). In order to test whether this was due to passive larval dispersal, we used GPS-tracked drifter trajectories, which approximate movement of passive surface particles with ocean currents. The drifter data indicate that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) connects the sampling locations in one direction only (West-East), and that passive transport is possible within the four-months larval period of G. gibberifrons. Indeed, when applying the isolation-with-migration model in IMA, strong unidirectional West-East migration rates are detected in the humped rockcod. This leads us to conclude that, in G. gibberifrons, genetic differentiation is prevented by gene flow via larval dispersal with the ACC.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Larval traits carry over to affect post-settlement behaviour in a common coral reef fish

Most reef fishes begin life as planktonic larvae before settling to the reef, metamorphosing, and entering the benthic adult population. Different selective forces determine survival in the planktonic and benthic life stages, but traits established in the larval stage may carry over to affect post-settlement performance. We tested the hypothesis that larval traits affect two key post-settlement fish behaviours: social group-joining and foraging. Certain larval traits of reef fishes are permanently recorded in the rings in their otoliths. In the bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum), prior work has shown that key larval traits recorded in otoliths (growth rate, energetic condition at settlement) carry-over to affect post-settlement survival on the reef, with higher-larval-condition fish experiencing less post-settlement mortality. We hypothesized that this selective mortality is mediated by carry-over effects on post-settlement anti-predator behaviours. We predicted that better-condition fish would forage less and be more likely to join groups, both behaviours that would reduce predation risk. We collected 550 recently settled bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) from three reef sites off St. Croix (USVI), and performed two analyses. First, we compared each settler's larval traits to the size of its social group to determine whether larval traits influenced group-joining behaviour. Second, we observed foraging behaviour in a subset of focal grouped and solitary fish (n = 14) for 1-4 days post-settlement. We then collected the fish and tested whether larval traits influenced the proportion of time spent foraging. Body length at settlement, but not condition, affected group-joining behaviour; smaller fish were more likely to remain solitary or in smaller groups. However, both greater length and better condition were associated with greater proportions of time spent foraging over four consecutive days post-settlement. Larval traits carry-over to affect post-settlement behavior, though not as we expected: higher-quality larvae join groups more frequently (safer) but then forage more. Foraging is risky but may allow faster post-settlement growth, reducing mortality risk in the long run. This shows that behaviour likely serves as a mechanistic link connecting larval traits to post-settlement selective mortality.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Spatial and temporal patterns of larval dispersal in a coral-reef fish metapopulation: evidence of variable reproductive success

Many marine organisms can be transported hundreds of kilometers during their pelagic larval stage, yet little is known about spatial and temporal patterns of larval dispersal. Although traditional population-genetic tools can be applied to infer movement of larvae on an evolutionary time scale, large effective population sizes and high rates of gene-flow present serious challenges to documenting dispersal patterns over shorter, ecologically-relevant, time scales. Here, we address these challenges by combining direct parentage analysis and indirect genetic analyses over a four-year period to document spatial and temporal patterns of larval dispersal in a common coral-reef fish: the bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus). At four island locations surrounding Exuma Sound, Bahamas, including a long-established marine reserve, we collected 3,278 individuals and genotyped them at 10 microsatellite loci. Using Bayesian parentage analysis, we identified eight parent-offspring pairs, thereby directly documenting dispersal distances ranging from 0 km (i.e., self-recruitment) to 129 km (i.e., larval connectivity). Despite documenting substantial dispersal and gene-flow between islands, we observed more self-recruitment events than expected if the larvae were drawn from a common, well-mixed pool (i.e., a completely open population). Additionally, we detected both spatial and temporal variation in signatures of sweepstakes and Wahlund effects. The high variance in reproductive success (i.e., "sweepstakes") we observed may be influenced by seasonal mesoscale gyres present in the Exuma Sound, which play a prominent role in shaping local oceanographic patterns. This study documents the complex nature of larval dispersal in a coral-reef fish, and highlights the importance of sampling multiple cohorts and coupling both direct and indirect genetic methods in order disentangle patterns of dispersal, gene-flow, and variable reproductive success.

FIGURE 4 in The larval, juvenile, and adult stages of the Caribbean goby, Coryphopterus kuna (Teleostei: Gobiidae): a reef fish with a pelagic larval duration longer than the post-settlement lifespan

FIGURE 4. Sagittal otolith of a 15.3 mm SL Coryphopterus kuna: the dark rod-shaped primordium is at far left, surrounded by the prehatching core (white oval), then followed by wide larval increments, sharply narrowing before the settlement transition (white arrow); the edge of the otolith is at far right; length of arrow=30 microns.

FIGURE 2 in The larval, juvenile, and adult stages of the Caribbean goby, Coryphopterus kuna (Teleostei: Gobiidae): a reef fish with a pelagic larval duration longer than the post-settlement lifespan

FIGURE 2. Adult Coryphopterus kuna from Utila, Honduras: 10.9 mm SL female (A and B); 13.3 mm SL male (C); 15.2 mm SL male (D); pelvic fin and probe under the frenum on 15.2 mm SL male (E).

Figure 3 in The larval, juvenile, and adult stages of the Caribbean goby, Coryphopterus kuna (Teleostei: Gobiidae): a reef fish with a pelagic larval duration longer than the post-settlement lifespan

Figure 3. Larvae and juvenile of Coryphopterus kuna: 7.1 mm SL (A), 8.0 mm SL (B), and 7.0 mm SL (C, lateral and dorsal view) larvae from Xcalak; 8.1 mm SL settled juvenile from Utila, Honduras (D, lateral and dorsal view). Head melanophores labeled following abbreviations in Table 1. (A) and (B) courtesy of José A. Cohúo.

FIGURE 1 in The larval, juvenile, and adult stages of the Caribbean goby, Coryphopterus kuna (Teleostei: Gobiidae): a reef fish with a pelagic larval duration longer than the post-settlement lifespan

FIGURE 1. The reported range of Kuna Gobies within the Caribbean (map by Robert Myers, Coral Graphics, reprinted with permission) (A); Live photographs from Utila, Gulf of Honduras (B); Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles (C); and San Andres, Colombia, an offshore island in the Western Caribbean (D); photos by Keri Wilk.

F I G U R E 3 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil

F I G U R E 3 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (f) Lophiosilurus alexandri: (a), (b) 1 day post hatch (dph) showing eye (E), pigmented retina (), mouth opening (), oropharyngeal cavity (OC) and yolk sac (YS); (c), (d) 7 dph: eye (E), pigmented retina (), crystalline () and oropharyngeal cavity (OC); (e), (f) 14 dph: eye (E), pigmented retina (), crystalline ()

F I G U R E 2 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil

F I G U R E 2 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (f) Lophiosilurus alexandri: (a), (b) 14 days post hatch (dph) showing the oropharyngeal cavity (OC), oesophagus region (), nervous system (NS), gills (BR) and operculum (); (c), (d) stomach (ST), intestine (INT), hepatopencreas (), heart (HR), swim bladder (SB), cranial portion of kidney () and caudal portion of kidney (); (e), (f) swim bladder (SB), intestine (INT), stomach (ST), cranial portion of kidney () and caudal portion of kidney ()

F I G U R E 5 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil

F I G U R E 5 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e), (f) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (g), (h) Lophiosilurus alexandri: (B, D, G, H): (a), (b) 1 day post hatch (dph) showing presence of primordial germ cells (), primitive digestive tube (DT) and primitive kidney (K); (c), (d) 39 dph cross-sectional cut of post-larvae indicating presence of gonadal primordium (GP), primordial germ cell (), melanocytes () and kidney (K); (e)–(h) larger magnification of images (a)–(d), respectively, indicating primordial germ cells () and somatic cells ()

F I G U R E 1 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil

F I G U R E 1 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (f) Lophiosilurus alexandri: a, (b) 0 days post hatch (dph) showing mouth () closed in (a) and open in (b), with yolk sac (YS), nervous system (NS), primitive digestive tube (); (c), (d) 4 and 10 dph, respectively, showing vestige of yolk sac (), swim bladder (SB), hepatopancreas (HP) and intestine (); (e), (f) 7 dph showing oropharyngeal cavity (OC), oesophagus (), stomach (ST), intestine (INT) and swim bladder (SB)

F I G U R E 4 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil

F I G U R E 4 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (f) Lophiosilurus alexandri: (a), (b) 0 days post hatch (dph) showing cephalic region of larvae with presence of epithelial cells (), mucous cell () and nervous system (NS); (c), (d) 7 dph showing cephalic region with presence of epithelial cells of the external region (), basal epithelial cells (), nervous system (NS), club cells (CC) and pigmentation (); (e), (f) 39 dph cross-sectional cut of lateral region of postlarvae with presence of epithelial cells of the external region (), dermis (DE), scales (), club cells (CC), musculature (M) and pigmentation ()

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

Combining population genomics with demographic analyses highlights habitat patchiness and larval dispersal as determinants of connectivity in coastal fish species

Gene flow shapes spatial genetic structure as well as the potential for local adaptation of populations. Among marine animals with non-migratory adults, the presence or absence of a pelagic larval stage is thought to be a key determinant in shaping gene flow and the genetic structure of populations. In addition, the spatial distribution of suitable habitats will influence the distribution of biological populations and their pattern of gene flow. We used whole genome sequencing to study demographic history and reduced representation (ddRAD) sequencing data to analyze spatial genetic structure in the broadnosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle). Its main habitat are seagrass meadows, which along the study coast (SW Norway) have a patchy distribution. Combining the results from several analyses including scans for selection, suggests that stochastic genetic drift has shaped the observed population structure largely due to its patchy habitat distribution. The restricted gene flow is further driven by life history traits such as the presence of parental care combined with no pelagic life stages, resulting in a clear isolation-by-distance pattern spanning 100s of kilometers. The spatial scale of demographic connectivity was inferred from long-term (~30 year) census population counts that uncovered a sharp decline in spatial correlations in abundance with distance (37% decorrelation over 2 km). These findings were contrasted with data from two other fish species sampled along the same coastline, both having pelagic larval stages lasting ~20 days (corkwing wrasse, Symphodus melops, and black goby, Gobus niger) where the population structure is not that evident. For these species, we found a wider spatial scale of demographic connectivity (decorrelation distances of 14 and 28 km, respectively), and weaker isolation-by-distance except at one point along the coast where both species revealed a strong barrier to gene flow, seemingly due to a lack of suitable habitat. Combined, these findings suggest that habitat fragmentation and absence of a pelagic larval stage in pipefish strongly increases geographic structuring, while the pelagic larvae of wrasse and goby increase genetic and demographic connectivity, except over extensive habitat shifts.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Data for Anemone bleaching impacts the larval recruitment success of an anemone-associated fish

Raw Data and R Script for Anemone bleaching impacts the larval recruitment success of an anemone-associated fish

FIGURE 36 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 36. Superficial bones of upper pectoral girdle showing course of lateral line in: A) Datnioides microlepis, ACG CS632, 30 mm SL; B) Equulites elongatus (Leiognathidae), AMS I.20829-018, 74 mm SL; C) Gazza minuta (Leiognathidae), AMS I.21841-016, 105 mm SL; D) Antigonia rhomboidea, AMS I.15526-006, 45 mm SL; E) Capros aper, BMNH 2016.4.47.169- 172, 51 mm SL. Laterosensory canals are shown in pink or red (where canals pass through supracleithrum in A–C); ventral arm of posttemporal truncated in A,B and D. Abbreviations: EX, extrascapula; PT, posttemporal; SCL, supracleithrum; TLL, trunk lateral line. Scale bars = 2 mm. Illustrations by A.C. Gill.

FIGURE 35 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 35. Anterior portion of dorsal fin and associated axial skeleton of A) Datnioides microlepis ACG CS632, 35 mm SL; B) Heniochus diphruetes (Chaetodontidae), ACG CS476, 47 mm SL; C) Equulites elongatus (Leiognathidae), AMS I.20829- 018, 74 mm SL; D) Capros aper, USNM 320065, 60 mm SL (pectoral girdle removed); E) Acanthurus olivaceus (Acanthuridae), ACG CS130, 39 mm SL. Abbreviations: DPT1, first dorsal pterygiophore; R1, first rib; SN, supraneurals; SOC, supraoccipital. White arrows indicate first neural spine; black arrows indicate vacant interneural spaces; scale bars = 5 mm. Photos by A.C. Gill.

FIGURE 31 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 31. Caudal skeleton of Hapalogenys darwiniensis, paratype, CSIRO H.4069-12, 75.5 mm SL. Methods of presentation follow Figure 29. Illustration by A.C. Gill.

FIGURE 46 in Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology

FIGURE 46. Larva of Leiognathus equulus, 7.2 mm SL, AMS I.43616-037, from Taiwan (reared), after Soars & Leis (2010: fig. 1b). Scale bar is 1 mm. Illustration by J.M. Leis, N. Soars and S.B. Leis.