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Plant life history data as evidence of an historical mixed-severity fire regime in Banksia woodlands
<p><i><strong>Context:</strong></i> The concept of the fire regime serves as an agreed upon template by which to inform understanding and management of fire-prone ecosystems globally. While observations from satellite imagery or palaeoecological proxy data can provide direct evidence of past fire regimes, they may be limited in temporal and/or spatial scale and are not available for all ecosystems. However, fire-related plant trait and demographic data offers an alternative approach to understand species-fire regime associations at the ecosystem scale. </p><p><i><strong>Aims:</strong></i> We aimed to quantify the life history strategies and associated fire regimes for six co-occurring shrub and tree species from fire-prone, Mediterranean climate Banksia woodlands in southwestern Australia. </p><p><i><strong>Methods:</strong></i> We collected static demographic data on size structure, seedling recruitment, and plant mortality across sites of varying time since last fire. We combined demographic data with key fire-related species traits to define plant life history strategies. We then compared observed life histories with <i>a priori</i> expectations for surface, stand-replacing, and mixed-severity fire regime types to infer historical fire regime associations.</p><p><i><strong>Key results:</strong></i> Fire-killed shrubs and weakly serotinous trees had abundant post-fire seedling recruitment, but also developed multi-cohort populations during fire-free periods via inter-fire seedling recruitment. Resprouting shrubs had little seedling recruitment at any time, even following fire, and showed no signs of decline in the long absence of fire likely due to their very long lifespans. </p><p><i><strong>Conclusions:</strong></i> The variation in life history strategies for these six co-occurring species is consistent with known ecological strategies to cope with high variation in fire intervals in a mixed-severity fire regime. While resprouting and strong post-fire seedling recruitment indicate a tolerance of frequent fire, inter-fire recruitment and weak serotiny is interpreted as a bet-hedging strategy to cope with occasional long fire-free periods that may otherwise exceed adult and seed bank lifespans. </p><p><i><strong>Implications:</strong></i> Our findings suggest that Banksia woodlands have evolved with highly variable fire intervals in a mixed-severity fire regime. Further investigations of species adaptations to varying fire size and patchiness can help extend our understanding of fire regime tolerances.</p>
Thermal performance of Aedes sierrensis life history traits for populations collected across the species range
<p>How mosquitoes may respond to rapid climate warming remains unknown for most species, but will have major consequences for their future distributions, with cascading impacts on human well-being, biodiversity, and ecosystem function. We investigated the adaptive potential of a wide-ranging mosquito species, <em>Aedes sierrensis</em>, across a large climatic gradient by conducting a common garden experiment measuring the thermal limits of mosquito life history traits. Although field-collected populations originated from vastly different thermal environments that spanned over 1,200 km, we found limited variation in upper thermal tolerance between populations. In particular, the upper thermal limits of all life history traits varied by <3°C across the species range and, for most traits, did not differ significantly between populations. For one life history trait—pupal development rate—we did detect significant variation in upper thermal limits between populations, and this variation was strongly correlated with source temperatures, providing evidence of local thermal adaptation for pupal development. However, we found that maximum environmental temperatures across most of the species' range already regularly exceed the highest upper thermal limits estimated under constant temperatures. This result suggests that strategies for coping with and/or avoiding thermal extremes are likely key components of current and future mosquito thermal tolerance.</p>
Figure 8 in Unraveling distributional patterns and life-history traits of a deep-water shrimp Plesionika edwardsii (Decapoda, Pandalidae) under unexploited virgin conditions: a benchmark for fisheries management
Figure 8. Hypothesized life cycle of Plesionika edwardsii in the Azorean region. After the incubation period of shrimp eggs, (1) larvae are released into the water column and (2) juveniles develop in shallow waters. Mature females and males are distributed up to 600 m with a sexual segregation by depth: (3) non-ovigerous females are mainly found up to 200 m, (4) ovigerous females between 200 and 300 m, and (5) males from 400 to 500 m deep. Females are bigger than males, and ovigerous females are bigger than nonovigerous females. A bigger-deeper trend is observed up to 400 m. (6) Long larval stages of P. edwardsii increases its potential for dispersal (Landeira et al., 2009), favoring connectivity and stock homogeneity between adjacent areas.
Figure 5 in Unraveling distributional patterns and life-history traits of a deep-water shrimp Plesionika edwardsii (Decapoda, Pandalidae) under unexploited virgin conditions: a benchmark for fisheries management
Figure 5. Sex ratio of Plesionika edwardsii by depth stratum in the Azorean region during the period 1999–2000.
Figure 2 in Unraveling distributional patterns and life-history traits of a deep-water shrimp Plesionika edwardsii (Decapoda, Pandalidae) under unexploited virgin conditions: a benchmark for fisheries management
Figure 2. Seasonal predicted mean catch per unit effort (CPUE, g trap-1) by depth stratum for males, non-ovigerous and ovigerous females of Plesionika edwardsii in the Azorean region for the period 1999–2000. Light-colored symbols represent raw data. Detailed parameter estimates are in Tab. S4.
Figure 7 in Unraveling distributional patterns and life-history traits of a deep-water shrimp Plesionika edwardsii (Decapoda, Pandalidae) under unexploited virgin conditions: a benchmark for fisheries management
Figure 7. Size at which 50 % of the shrimps are mature (L 50) estimated for Plesionika edwardsii in the Azorean region fitting a logistic curve to the proportion of ovigerous females. Logistic curve was estimated combining all data obtained during the period 1999–2000.
Figure 4 in Unraveling distributional patterns and life-history traits of a deep-water shrimp Plesionika edwardsii (Decapoda, Pandalidae) under unexploited virgin conditions: a benchmark for fisheries management
Figure 4. Seasonal predicted mean cephalothorax length (CL) by depth stratum for males, non-ovigerous and ovigerous females of Plesionika edwardsii in the Azorean region for the period 1999–2000. Light-colored symbols represent raw data. Detailed parameter estimates are in Tab. S4.
Figure 1 in Unraveling distributional patterns and life-history traits of a deep-water shrimp Plesionika edwardsii (Decapoda, Pandalidae) under unexploited virgin conditions: a benchmark for fisheries management
Figure 1. Sampling areas of Plesionika edwardsii in the mid-North Atlantic Ocean, Azorean region (ICES Subdivision 10a2) between 1999 and 2000. Orange dots represent each site sampled by a trap.
Figure 6 in Unraveling distributional patterns and life-history traits of a deep-water shrimp Plesionika edwardsii (Decapoda, Pandalidae) under unexploited virgin conditions: a benchmark for fisheries management
Figure 6. Sex ratio of Plesionika edwardsii by size class in the Azorean region during the period 1999–2000.
Figure 3 in Unraveling distributional patterns and life-history traits of a deep-water shrimp Plesionika edwardsii (Decapoda, Pandalidae) under unexploited virgin conditions: a benchmark for fisheries management
Figure 3. Size frequency distribution of males, non-ovigerous and ovigerous females Plesionika edwardsii in the Azorean region during the period 1999-2000.
Figure 5 in A Continued Study Of Amphipod Life Histories In The Daugava River Under Varying Meteorological Conditions
Figure 5. Seasonal variation of the average brood size and average size of ovigerous females (mm) of A – Gammarus varsoviensis and B – Pontogammarus robustoides in 2020.
Figure 2 in A Continued Study Of Amphipod Life Histories In The Daugava River Under Varying Meteorological Conditions
Figure 2. Average air temperature and average water temperature of the study sites in the Daugava River during the study (2017–2020) in Latvia. Air temperature prepared according to data from Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020
Figure 4 in A Continued Study Of Amphipod Life Histories In The Daugava River Under Varying Meteorological Conditions
Figure 4. Seasonal occurrence (%) of females, ovigerous females, males, immature and juvenile, A – Gammarus varsoviensis and B – Pontogammarus robustoides in 2020.
Figure 3 in A Continued Study Of Amphipod Life Histories In The Daugava River Under Varying Meteorological Conditions
Figure 3. Seasonal population structure of A – Gammarus varsoviensis and B – Pontogammarus robustoides by size (mm) in 2020.
Figures 9–17 in Notes on the life history and taxonomy of Cerurina marshalli (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Cerurinae)
Figures 9–17: Comparative adult specimens of Cerurina marshalli (all ANHRT, unless otherwise indicated), arrows indicate diagnostic generic characters. 9. Syntype ♀, Zimbabwe, Mashonaland (NHMUK), a. defined antemedial fascia, b. almost completely deleted subterminal fascia; 10. Zambia, Mutinondo (ANHRTUK00152995, LG5366♀); 11. Zambia, Mutinondo (ANHRTUK00152996, LG5357♀); 12. Zambia, Lukwakwa (ANHRTUK00061207, ANHRT Gen. slide no. 00519♀); 13. Zambia, Lukwakwa (ANHRTUK00061232, LG5358♂); 14. Zambia, Kitwe (ANHRTUK00050387, ♂); 15. Ivory Coast, Mt. Tonkoui (ANHRTUK00043082, ANHRT Gen. slide no. 00315♂); 16. Tanzania, Livingstone Mts. (ANHRTUK00081591, ANHRT Gen. slide no. 00520♂); 17. D. R. Congo, Nord Kivu (ANHRTUK00158203, LG5367♂).
Figures 39‒42 in Notes on the life history and taxonomy of Cerurina marshalli (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Cerurinae)
Figures 39‒42 ‒ Male genitalia of Afrocerura spp. (all ANHRT), arrow indicates a diagnostic generic character. 39. A. cameroona (Bethune-Baker, 1927), Gabon, Ivindo N.P. (ANHRTUK00044930, ANHRT slide no. 00521♂); 40. A. cameroona, Zambia, Kafue N.P. (ANHRTUK00081592, ANHRT slide no. 00522♂); 41. A. cameroona, Zambia, Hillwood, Ikelenge (ANHRTUK00073571, LG5359♂); 42. A. thomensis (Talbot, 1929), São Tomé, Bom Successo (ANHRTUK00041722, LG5362♂), a. dorsal crest on the uncus.
Figures 32‒35 in Notes on the life history and taxonomy of Cerurina marshalli (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Cerurinae)
Figures 32‒35: Male genitalia of Cerurina marshalli (Hampson, 1910) (all ANHRT), arrows indicate diagnostic generic characters. 32. Zambia, Lukwakwa (ANHRTUK00061232, LG5358♂), a. bifid uncus tip and lateral denticulations, b. socii well developed with 2‒3 denticulations, c. valvae club-like and apically rounded; 33. Ivory Coast, Mt. Tonkoui, (ANHRTUK00043082, ANHRT Gen. slide no. 00315♂); 34. Tanzania, Livingstone Mts. (ANHRTUK00081591, ANHRT Gen. slide no. 00520♂); 35. D.R. Congo, Nord Kivu (ANHRTUK00158203, LG5367♂).
Figures 36‒38 in Notes on the life history and taxonomy of Cerurina marshalli (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Cerurinae)
Figures 36‒38 ‒ Male genitalia of Afrocerura spp. (all ANHRT), arrows indicate diagnostic generic characters. 36. A. leonensis (Hampson, 1910), Guinea, Dalaba (ANHRTUK00103029, LG5368♂), a. narrow uncus tip without denticulate margins, b. relatively short, slender, slightly arched socii without denticulations; 37. A. bifasciata bifasciata (Janse, 1920), Zambia, Kasanka N.P. (ANHRTUK00073572, LG5363♂), c. narrow valvae; 38. A. bifasciata bifasciata, Zambia, Kankonde Camp, Mutinondo Stream (ANHRTUK00073573, LG5364♂).
Figure 48 in Notes on the life history and taxonomy of Cerurina marshalli (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Cerurinae)
Figure 48: Geographical proximity of the type locality of Afrocerura cameroona (HT♀), the type locality of Cerura argentina Schultze, 1916 (ST♀♂) and the collecting locality of the ANHRT Gabon specimen (ANHRTUK00044930, ♂), all believed here to be conspecific with A. cameroona.
Figure 47 in Notes on the life history and taxonomy of Cerurina marshalli (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Cerurinae)
Figure 47: Locality map for material examined of Cerurina and Afrocerura spp., showing areas where species are known to occur sympatrically. C. marshalli (ST♀); A. leonensis (HT♀); A. bifasciata bifasciata (HT♀); A. bifasciata tanganyikae (HT♂); A. cameroona (HT♀); Cerura argentina Schultze, 1916 (ST♀); A. thomensis (HT♂).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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