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opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Effects of variation in resource acquisition during different stages of the life cycle on life-history traits and trade-offs in a burying beetle

Individual variation in resource acquisition should have consequences for life-history traits and trade-offs between them because such variation determines how many resources can be allocated to different life-history functions, such as growth, survival and reproduction. Since resource acquisition can vary across an individual's life cycle, the consequences for life-history traits and trade-offs may depend on when during the life cycle resources are limited. We tested for differential and/or interactive effects of variation in resource acquisition in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. We designed an experiment in which individuals acquired high or low amounts of resources across three stages of the life cycle: larval development, prior to breeding and the onset of breeding in a fully crossed design. Resource acquisition during larval development and prior to breeding affected egg size and offspring survival, respectively. Meanwhile, resource acquisition at the onset of breeding affected size and number of both eggs and offspring. In addition, there were interactive effects between resource acquisition at different stages on egg size and offspring survival. However, only when females acquired few resources at the onset of breeding was there evidence for a trade-off between offspring size and number. Our results demonstrate that individual variation in resource acquisition during different stages of the life cycle has important consequences for life-history traits but limited effects on trade-offs. This suggests that, in species that acquire a fixed-sized resource at the onset of breeding, the size of this resource has larger effects on life-history trade-offs than resources acquired at earlier stages.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Impacts of drought and nitrogen addition on Calluna-heathlands differ with plant life-history stage

1. Climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) affect the biodiversity patterns and functions of ecosystems worldwide. While many single-factor studies have quantified ecosystem responses to single global change drivers, less is known about the interaction effects of these drivers on ecosystem functions. 2. Here, we present the results of a three-year field and a two-year greenhouse experiment, in which we assessed responses of Calluna vulgaris-heathlands to the single and combined effects of drought events (D) and N fertilisation (D: 25% precipitation reduction in the field experiment and 20-50% soil water content reduction in the greenhouse experiment; N fertilisation: 35 kg N ha−1 yr−1). 3. We examined the effects of D and N treatments on growth responses of the dominant dwarf shrub Calluna vulgaris (in terms of biomass production and allocation, tissue δ13C signatures and C:N ratios) in relation to two plant life-history stages and different 'ecotypes' (sub-Atlantic vs. subcontinental heathlands). 4. Plant responses varied strongly with life-history stage, and the interaction of N and D showed lower effects than would be expected based on additive responses to single factors. While D treatments had no effects on Calluna in the building phase (ca. ten-year-old plants), seedlings (particularly one-year-old plants) were highly susceptible to drought. Differences in response patterns were attributable to the high shoot-root ratios typical of young Calluna plants. These ratios decreased with progressing life-history as a result of increasing below-ground biomass investments. Below-ground biomass production and shoot-root ratios differed between plants from the different heathland sites. 5. Tissue δ13C signatures decreased and C:N ratios increased with plant age as a result of decreasing evaporative demands (per unit root biomass). N fertilisation increases the shoot-root ratios and thereby the drought susceptibility of Calluna plants. 6. Synthesis. Our findings suggest that plant responses to global change are difficult to anticipate by means of single-factor studies or by focusing on a single life-history stage. This highlights the need for global change research to include multiple factors and life-history stages when assessing an ecosystem's susceptibility to shifts in environmental conditions.

FIGURE 31 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding

FIGURE 31. Apogon sp. 2, adult, 21.1 mm SL, DNA # SAB 0603030, photograph by J. T. Williams.

FIGURE 21 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding

FIGURE 21. Apogon maculatus, adult, 38.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 4170, photograph by L. Weigt.

FIGURE 19 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding

FIGURE 19. Apogon pseudomaculatus, juvenile, 19.0 mm SL, DNA # CUR 8079, photograph by C. Baldwin.

FIGURE 14 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding

FIGURE 14. Apogon lachneri, juvenile, 21.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 5265, photograph by J. Mounts.

FIGURE 10 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding

FIGURE 10. Apogon phenax, adult, 32.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 5268, photograph by J. Mounts.

FIGURE 9 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding

FIGURE 9. Apogon planifrons, larva, 9.5 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 7126, photograph by J. Mounts.

FIGURE 8 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding

FIGURE 8. Apogon planifrons, adult, 37.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 5270, photograph by J. Mounts.

FIGURE 7 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding

FIGURE 7. Apogon sp. 1, larva, 10.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 5260, photograph by J. Mounts.

FIGURE 16 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding

FIGURE 16. Apogon townsendi, juvenile, 13.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 4542, photograph by L. Weigt.

FIGURE 26 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding

FIGURE 26. Apogon aurolineatus, larva, 8.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 5221, photograph by J. Mounts.

FIGURE 34 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding

FIGURE 34. Apogon mosavi, adult, 38.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 7131, photograph by J. Mounts.

FIGURE 36 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding

FIGURE 36. Apogon mosavi, larva, 15.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 5454, photograph by L. Weigt.

publicOct 2018View details →

Data from: Effects of variation in resource acquisition during different stages of the life cycle on life-history traits and trade-offs in a burying beetle

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