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261 results for “litter decomposition”
Data of microbiological decomposition monitoring of pine coniferous litter in the soils at the Moscow region by the ICP IM method
<p>Данные мониторинга микробиологического разложения хвойного опада сосны в почвах Московской области по методу ICP IM</p> <p>Data of microbiological decomposition monitoring of pine coniferous litter in the soils at the Moscow region by the ICP IM method</p> <p> </p> <p>Исследования проведены на базе двух особо охраняемых природных территориях (далее ООПТ) в Московской области и г. Москве, расположенных на расстоянии 90 км друг от друга. На обеих ООПТ работы проводились на постоянных пробных площадках (ППП) площадью 1 га.</p> <p>Эталон – Приокско-Террасный государственный природных биосферный заповедник. В заповеднике заложены 4 ППП, расположенные в бассейне малой реки Тоденка, большая часть бассейна которой находится в границах Заповедника. ППП расположены не далее 2 км от русла реки, в преобладающих по площади в ООПТ типах лесах: сосняке сложном (две ППП), березняке сложном широкотравном и дубраве широкотравной. В сосняках Заповедника были заложены 2 ППП, различающиеся по увлажнению и месторасположению, на террасе и на коренном берегу.</p> <p>Модельная находится под более высокой антропогенной нагрузкой в г. Москве с лесопарковая часть природно-исторического парка «Кузьминки-Люблино» (далее – Лесопарк), имеющая также схожий с Заповедником рельеф и породный состав лесов. Территории Заповедника и Лесопарка имеют сходство физико-географических условий формирования: обе ООПТ расположены на надпойменных террасах крупных рек Волжского бассейна (рек Оки и Москвы соответственно), на обеих территориях формируются слабо дифференцированные дерново-подзолистые почвы ржавоземы на флювиогляциальных песках (Brunic Arenosols) под сосновыми и березовыми лесами. Основные физико-химические свойства почв Лесопарка соответствуют естественным аналогам.</p> <p><strong>Метод изучения скорости разложения опада.</strong> Методической основой проводимых измерений скорости биоразложения опада является метод подпрограммы «MB Microbial decomposition» программы ICP IM [https://www.syke.fi/en-US/Research__development/Nature/Monitoring/Integrated_Monitoring/Manual_for_Integrated_Monitoring] с некоторыми изменениями.</p> <p>Изменения методики касались срока экспозиции. Мы использовали стандартный срок экспозиции в 1 год и отказались от экспозиции иголок более 1 года, как рекомендовано в методике ICP IM. Такая модификация метода позволила существенно сократить трудозатраты при получении сравнимых результатов.</p> <p>Измерение разложения опада проводились методом закладки конвертов из нейлоновой сетки 8 на 8 см с ячеей 1 мм с упакованными в них пробами на срок 1 год. Конверты запечатывались металлическими скобами. Пробы закладывались и снимались в последней декаде октября – начале ноября. В таблицах и тексте год указывается по году снятия образца, соответственно, пробы, заложенные в 2013 г. и собранные в 2014 г. относятся к 2014 г.</p> <p>Согласно методике, в экспериментах по изучению разложения опада использовались иголки сосны обыкновенной (<em>Pinus</em> <em>sylvestris</em> L.), которые собирались с ветвей невысоких деревьев (10–20 лет) в одном и том же квартале Заповедника и только пожелтевшие, перед их массовым опадом (обычно в начале октября). Предварительно все пробы высушивались до абсолютно сухого веса при 85 <sup>0</sup>С и взвешивались перед упаковкой в конверты. Взвешивание осуществлялось с точностью до 0.001 г, вес проб соснового опада 1 г.</p> <p>Конверты каждый год раскладывались на каждой ППП размерами 100×100 м возле углов и в центре пробных площадей в пределах квадрата 3×3 м в фиксированных точках. Конверты располагались в верхних 5 см почвы, под углом в 15<sup>0</sup>, под моховым покровом (при его наличии) или подстилкой и привязывались леской для удобства поиска. Не допускалось размещение конверта в приствольном круге деревьев. После экспозиции в течение 12 месяцев (350–380 суток) конверты снимались, а содержимое проб аккуратно с использованием пинцета промывалось дистиллированной водой от твердых частиц субстрата и мицелия грибов до остатков иголок и высушивалось до абсолютно сухого веса. Измерение потери массы каждой пробы проводилось методом взвешивания с точностью 0.001 г. Ежегодно закладывалось по 5 проб на каждой ППП в сосняке и березняке, но через год не всегда удавалось найти все заложенные конверты, так как происходили ветровалы и иные нарушения. На ППП в дубняке закладывалось по 10 конвертов.</p>
Energetic mismatch induced by warming decreases leaf litter decomposition by aquatic detritivores
<p>1. The balance of energetic losses and gains is of paramount importance for understanding and predicting the persistence of populations and ecosystem processes in a rapidly changing world. Previous studies suggested that metabolic rate often increases faster with warming than resource ingestion rate, leading to an energetic mismatch at high temperature. However, little is known about the ecological consequences of this energetic mismatch for population demography and ecosystem functions.</p> <p>2. Here, we combined laboratory experiments and modeling to investigate the energetic balance of a stream detritivore (Gammarus fossarum) along a temperature gradient and the consequences for detritivore populations and organic matter decomposition.</p> <p>3. We experimentally measured the energetic losses (metabolic rate) and supplies (ingestion rate) of Gammarus and we modeled the impact of rising temperatures and changes in Gammarus body size induced by warming on population dynamics and benthic organic matter dynamics in freshwater systems.</p> <p>4. Our experimental results indicated an energetic mismatch in a Gammarus population where losses via metabolic rate increase faster than supplies via food ingestion with warming, which translated in a decrease of energetic efficiency with temperature rising from 5 to 20 °C. Moreover, our consumer-resource model predicts a decrease in the biomass of Gammarus population with warming, associated with lower maximum abundances and steeper abundance decreases after biomass annual peaks. These changes resulted in a decrease of leaf litter decomposition rate and thus longer persistence of leaf litter standing stock over years in the simulations. In addition, Gammarus body size reductions led to shorter persistence for both leaf litter and Gammarus biomasses at low temperature and the opposite trend at high temperature, revealing that body size reduction was weakening the effect of temperature on resource and consumer persistence.</p> <p>5. Our model contributes to identifying the mechanisms that explain how thermal effects at the level of individuals may cascade through trophic interactions and influence important ecosystem processes. Considering the balance of physiological processes is crucial to improve our ability to predict the impact of climate change on carbon stocks and ecosystem functions.</p>
Trait functional diversity explains mixture effects on litter decomposition at the arid end of a climate gradient
<p><span>Litter decomposition is controlled by climate, litter quality and decomposer communities. Because the decomposition of specific litter types is also influenced by the properties of adjacent types, mixing litter types may result in non-additive effects on overall decomposition rates. The strength of these effects seems to depend on the litter functional diversity. However, it is unclear which functional traits or combination of traits explain litter mixture effects and if these depend on the range of trait values and the ecosystems involved. These uncertainties hamper our ability to predict decomposition in plant communities. </span></p> <p><span>We aimed at understanding whether and how functional diversity (measured as functional dispersion, FDis) influences litter decomposition, and how this influence varies among different climates and across decomposition stages. We calculated FDis based on litter traits related to nutrient concentrations or to litter recalcitrance, and tested whether these diversity measures and climatic parameters (soil moisture and temperature) explained litter mixture effects on decomposition. </span></p> <p><span>Additive mixture effects (i.e. decomposition of mixtures equalling the mean decomposition of the single litter types) were common in most of the evaluated climates. Non-additive, negative effects were mainly restricted to the driest and warmest sites, and decreased with time. Non-additive effects increased in magnitude with the mixtures' FDis, with positive effects being related to FDis in nutrient traits and negative effects being related to FDis in recalcitrance traits. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis: Litter mixing did not have strong effects on decomposition rates across the studied climatic gradient overall, and the direction and intensity of the mixture effects were context-dependent. The effects were stronger and more negative in the dryer ecosystems. Where effects were found, functional diversity calculated from selected groups of traits (related to nutrients or litter recalcitrance) predicted mixture effects, especially where trait ranges were broad, though much of the variation remains unexplained. We propose that functional diversity metrics based on litter traits that are mechanistically relevant, applied to diverse site-specific litter mixtures in different climates, can help to better understand under which conditions and in which direction litter diversity affects decomposition.</span></p>
Dataset to: Deforestation for agriculture leads to soil warming and enhanced litter decomposition in subarctic soils
<p>Deforestation for agriculture leads to soil warming and enhanced litter decomposition in subarctic soils<br> T. Peplau, C. Poeplau, E. Gregorich, J. Schroeder</p> <p>This repository contains a dataset of soil temperature, soil parameters, farm management and additional site informations.</p> <p>Soil_temperature_data_Yukon.zip: Temperature data from different farms across the Yukon.<br> Each .xlsx file contains data from one temperature logger that logged soil temperature every 2 hours. The individual sheets are named in the following scheme:<br> Farm_landuse_depth.xlsx<br> Farm contains two letters corresponding to the identifier in the soil data set<br> landuse contains either F ("Forest"), CM ("Cropland / Market Garden") or G ("Grassland")<br> Depth is either 10 cm or 50 cm</p> <p>teabags.csv contains raw data about the initial weight of the teabags buried, their location and their weight after two years in the soil</p> <p>tea_decomposition contains the mean decomposition (n=3) of the tabags from each plot and corresponding temperature statistics, based on the logger data</p> <p>Soil_I_IV.csv contains soil parameters from soil samples at 0-10 cm and 40-60 cm</p> <p>site_data_R.csv contains geographical information and soil data that has only been measured once per site</p>
Data for the analysis from "Evidence for positive priming of leaf litter decomposition by contact with eutrophic pond sediments"
<p>These are the data files used in the analysis of the results of the experiments that are reported in the manuscript "Evidence for positive priming of leaf litter decomposition by contact with eutrophic pond sediments". More details on the analysis can be found in at: https://github.com/KennyPeanuts/sediment_priming</p>
Litterfall production and litter decomposition experiments: in-situ datasets of nutrient fluxes in two Bornean lowland rain forests associated with Acacia invasion
<p>This dataset contains the original data from which the figures and tables for the article "Differential impacts of <em>Acacia</em> invasion on nutrient fluxes in two distinct Bornean lowland tropical rain forests" were prepared. It documents parameters relevant to nutrient fluxes via litterfall production and leaf litter decomposition rates from 2016 to 2017 in two selected lowland rainforests in Brunei Darussalam that are associated with <em>Acacia</em> invasion. Both litterfall sample collection and litter decomposition bag experiments followed standard protocols. Leaf litterfall fractions from the litterfall production experiment were analysed for nutrient contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca). Nutrient addition and nutrient use efficiency values were calculated based on nutrient concentration and monthly leaf litterfall production in the different habitat types studied. The mean percentage of litter mass remaining, K day<sup>-1</sup>, K year<sup>-1</sup>, half-life t<sub>0.5</sub>, pH values, and nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Mg, Ca) were calculated for leaf litter samples collected after 336 days in the different habitats.</p>
Summer litter decomposition is moderated by scale-dependent microenvironmental variation in tundra ecosystems
<p>Tundra soils are one of the world's largest organic carbon stores, yet this carbon is vulnerable to accelerated decomposition as climate warming progresses. The landscape-scale controls of litter decomposition are poorly understood in tundra ecosystems, which hinders our understanding of the global carbon cycle. We examined the extent to which the thermal sum of surface air temperature, soil moisture and permafrost thaw depth influenced litter mass loss and decomposition rates (<em>k</em>), and at which spatial thresholds an environmental variable becomes a reliable predictor of decomposition, using the Tea Bag Index protocol across a heterogeneous tundra landscape on Qikiqtaruk - Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada. We found greater green tea litter mass loss and faster decomposition rates (<em>k</em>) in wetter areas within the landscape, and to a lesser extent in areas with deeper permafrost active layer thickness and higher surface thermal sums. We also found higher decomposition rates (<em>k</em>) on north-facing relative to south-facing aspects at microsites that were wetter rather than warmer. Spatially heterogeneous belowground conditions (soil moisture and active layer depth) explained variation in decomposition metrics at local scales (< 50 m<sup>2</sup>) better than thermal sum. Surprisingly, there was no strong control of elevation or slope on litter decomposition. Our results reveal that there is considerable scale dependency in the environmental controls of tundra litter decomposition, with moisture playing a greater role than the thermal sum at < 50 m<sup>2</sup> scales. Our findings highlight the importance and complexity of microenvironmental controls on litter decomposition in estimates of carbon cycling in a rapidly warming tundra biome.</p>
Summer litter decomposition is moderated by scale-dependent microenvironmental variation in tundra ecosystems
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Data and code from: Soil decomposer can regulate the legacy effect of photodegradation on forest marcescent litter decomposition, but emerging microplastics disrupt this
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Energetic mismatch induced by warming decreases leaf litter decomposition by aquatic detritivores
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Environmental conditions modulate warming effects on plant litter decomposition globally
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Trait functional diversity explains mixture effects on litter decomposition at the arid end of a climate gradient
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Data from: What controls forest litter decomposition? A coordinated distributed teabag experiment across ten mountains
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Long-term Carbon and Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Dynamics of Leaf and Fine Root Litter project (LIDET-Long-term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team) data for the ARC, Arctic LTER. 1990 to 2000.
This file is from the Long-term Carbon and Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Dynamics of Leaf and Fine Root Litter project (LIDET-Long-term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team). This file contains only the Arctic LTER data. In particular the mass looses over the ten year study. Three types of fine roots (graminoid, hardwood, and conifer), six types of leaf litter (which ranged in lignin/nitrogen ratio from 5 to 75), and wooden dowels were used for litter incubations over a ten year period.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: soil, litter, plant and microbial attributes on mycorrhizae litter decomposition plots
Studies show mycorrhizal fungi can influence leaf litter decomposition in a variety of ways, but the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi on litter decay in forests vary widely across published reports. We experimentally reduced the presence of fine roots and their associated mycorrhizal fungi by soil trenching within a series of plots spanning a gradient of mycorrhizal dominance containing from 96% AM to 100% ECM-associated trees at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock, NH. We incubated four species of leaf litter in mesh decomposition bags in areas with reduced access to roots and mycorrhizal fungi and in adjacent areas with intact roots and mycorrhizal fungi. After 608 days of decomposition (November 2017 through July 2019), we found that litter decayed more rapidly in the presence of fine roots and mycorrhizal hyphae in all plots, regardless of dominant tree mycorrhizal type. Root and mycorrhizal exclusion did not affect enzyme activities on decomposing litter or soil microbial community composition. Despite reports that both AM and ECM fungi may reduce litter decay rate, our results indicate that AM and ECM-associated fine roots stimulate litter decomposition.
Pocket gopher mound litter decomposition data for Saddle and East of Tvan, 1993 - 1995.
This research was designed to examine the interaction of effects of gopher disturbance and aspect on litter decomposition on alpine tundra. Kobresia myosuroides foliage collected from Niwot Ridge was dried and placed into 10x20 cm litter bags. About 2 g of plant material were placed in the litter bags. One-hundred and sixty (160) litter bags were constructed of polyester mesh with a mesh size of 2mm^2. Forty (40) litter bags were placed inside of gopher mounds, at the interface between the mounded (gopher excavated) soil and the original soil surface (top of the O horizon), located on a slope with a southern aspect. An additional 40 litter bags were placed on the soil surface near these gopher mounds. The remaining 80 bags were similarly paired on gopher mounds and undisturbed soils on a slope with a northern aspect. All litter bags were placed in the field on 1 July 1993, and an initial harvest was done on the same date in order to assess the effect of handling and transport to the field. The second harvest was undertaken on 11 September 1993, at which time 31 bags were harvested. Retrieved litter bags were dried at 80 degrees Celsius for approximately 24 hr. The litter was removed from the litter bags and weighed. Litter weight loss was calculated to estimate decomposition rates. The remaining harvests are were in autumn 1993, spring 1994, and autumn 1994.
Litter decomposition data for Saddle, 1991 - 1992.
The extent to which foliar detritus can immobilize and mineralize nitrogen was studied by measuring litter dynamics across a snow accumulation transect in the Saddle. Litter used included Acomastylis (Geum) rossii and a grass species, Andropogon gerardii.
Litter and root decomposition data for Saddle, 1993 - 1994.
Plant tissues, foliage, and roots were collected from Niwot Ridge tundra species and composited into separate 2-gm samples. Foliage was placed in 10x20 cm litter bags with a 2mm^2 mesh to allow entry of invertebrates. Root tissues were placed in 10x20 cm^2 polyester fabric bags to prevent loss of fine root particulates. The foliage litter bags were placed on the tundra surface and secured by 10-penny nails. Root bags were buried in slits 15 cm deep. Each of the 18 1-m^2 research plots, consisted of 2 rows of 5 surface litterbags each. The upper row (with respect to slope) served as the control. The lower row was treated with ammonium nitrate at a rate of 20 g per m^2. Nitrogen will be applied at 3 monthly intervals during each of the growing seasons for the duration of the study. Litter bags (1 surface and 1 buried from each control and treatment) were collected from each plot on 18 September 1993. Additional collections were scheduled to be made in spring and fall of 1994 and spring of 1995. The samples were to be analyzed for changes in total mass, N concentration, and variation in C fractions.
Wetlands litter decomposition data for Green Lakes Valley, 1986 - 1994.
Long-term observations on decomposition of refractory willow leaves and twigs, Carex leaves, and filter paper began in 1986. Litter-bag experiments using pre-abscission willow leaves began in 1988.
Plant Litter Decomposition at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1990-1998)
The long-term goal of the decomposition study was to document the effects of climate variation on decomposition of major plant litter-types. The project began in 1989 and underwent changes of locations and litter types. The long-term litter types included black grama, Indian rice grass, juniper, and creosote. Â Mass loss of the litter types can be compared to precipitation and other meteorological factors obtained at nearby locations.
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