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80 results for “mangrove crabs”
Trophic interactions of fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) with black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) detrital matter as a result of mangrove encroachment; 2018 and 2019
Woody plant encroachment is reshaping communities in both terrestrial and coastal environments, but little is known about its effects on basal consumers. We used interactions between fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) and the encroaching mangrove Avicennia germinans in Gulf of Mexico salt marshes to explore trophic interactions between basal consumers and encroaching shrubs. Fiddler crabs were collected from wetlands in Galveston, Texas in summer 2018 and 2019 and used in a series of food preference and food quality trials. Through these trials we collected data on the relative attractiveness and quality of black mangroves and smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) as food sources for fiddler crabs.
Figure 4 in Population biology of the fiddler crab Uca maracoani (Crustacea, Ocypodidae) inhabiting an impacted mangrove area on the southern coast of São Paulo state, Brazil
Figure 4. Frequency of juveniles (%) of Uca maracoani by month.
Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome illuminates the mechanisms and evolution of lignocellulose degradation in mangrove herbivorous crabs
<p><strong>Background:</strong></p> <p>Sesarmid crabs dominate mangrove habitat as the major primary consumers, which facilitates the trophic link and nutrient recycling in the ecosystem. Therefore, the adaptations and mechanisms of sesarmid crabs to herbivory is not only crucial to terrestrialization and its evolutionary success, but also to the healthy functioning of mangrove forest ecosystems. Although endogenous cellulases expressions were reported in crab species, it remains unknown if the endogenous enzymes alone can complete the whole lignocellulolytic pathway, or they also depend on the contribution from their intestinal microbiome. We attempt to investigate the role of gut symbiotic microbes of mangrove-feeding sesarmid crabs in plant digestion using a comparative metagenomic approach.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong></p> <p>Metagenomics analyses on 43 crab gut samples from 23 species of mangrove crabs revealed a wide coverage of 127 CAZy families and nine KOs targeting lignocellulose and their derivatives in all species analyzed, including predominantly carnivorous species, suggesting the crab species gut microbiome have lignocellulolytic capacity regardless of dietary preference. Microbial cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase genes in herbivorous and detritivorous crabs were differentially more abundant when compared to omnivorous and carnivorous crabs, indicating the importance of gut symbionts in lignocellulose degradation in mangrove crabs and the enrichment of lignocellulolytic microbes in response to diet with higher lignocellulose content. The herbivorous and detritivorous crabs showed highly similar CAZyme composition compared to dissimilarities observed in taxonomic profiles observed in both groups, suggesting a stronger selection force to gut microbiota by its functional capacity than by taxonomy. The gut microbiota in herbivorous sesarmid crabs were also enriched with nitrogen reduction and fixation genes, implying possible roles of the gut microbiota in supplementing nitrogen that is deficient in plant diet.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong></p> <p>Endosymbiotic cellulolytic microbes play an important role in lignocellulose degradation in most crab species but their abundance is strongly correlated with dietary preference, and they are highly enriched in herbivorous sesarmids, thus enhancing their capacity for digestion of mangrove leaves. Dietary preference is a stronger driver in determining the microbial CAZyme composition and taxonomic profile in mangrove crab microbiome, resulting in functional redundancy of endosymbiotic microbes. Our results showed that crabs implement a mixed mode of digestion utilizing both endogenous and microbial enzymes in lignocellulose degradation, as observed in most of the more advanced herbivorous invertebrate species.</p>
Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome illuminates the mechanisms and evolution of lignocellulose degradation in mangrove herbivorous crabs
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FIGURE 9 in Transisthmian differentiation in the tree-climbing mangrove crab Aratus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific
FIGURE 9. First male left gonopods of Aratus pisonii (Brazil) and Aratus pacificus n. sp. as observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in apical view (A–F), detail of the endpiece in lateral view (G–L) and total view (M–R).
FIGURE 8 in Transisthmian differentiation in the tree-climbing mangrove crab Aratus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific
FIGURE 8. First male left gonopods of Aratus pisonii (Brazil) and Aratus pacificus n. sp. as observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in longitudinal mesial (A–F), dorsal (G–L), lateral (M–R) and ventral (S–X) views. CW × CL in mm.
FIGURE 6 in Transisthmian differentiation in the tree-climbing mangrove crab Aratus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific
FIGURE 6. First male left gonopods of Aratus pisonii from the Caribbean Sea as observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in longitudinal mesial (A–F), dorsal (G–L), lateral (M–R) and ventral (S–X) views. CW × CL in mm.
FIGURE 5 in Transisthmian differentiation in the tree-climbing mangrove crab Aratus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific
FIGURE 5. Schematic drawing of a left first male gonopod in dorsal view showing the alignment differences of the suture compared to the chitinous tip in Aratus pisonii (full line) and Aratus pacificus n. sp. (dashed line). Abbreviation: p, pore.
FIGURE 4 in Transisthmian differentiation in the tree-climbing mangrove crab Aratus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific
FIGURE 4. First male left gonopods of Aratus pisonii and Aratus pacificus n. sp. observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in apical view (A–D), detail of the endpiece in lateral view (E–H) and total view (I–L). Abbreviation: d, depression.
FIGURE 3 in Transisthmian differentiation in the tree-climbing mangrove crab Aratus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific
FIGURE 3. First male left gonopods of Aratus pisonii and Aratus pacificus n. sp. observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in longitudinal mesial (A–D), dorsal (E–H), lateral (I–L) and ventral (M–P) views. CW × CL in mm. Abbreviations: s, suture; t, chitinous tip.
FIGURE 2 in Transisthmian differentiation in the tree-climbing mangrove crab Aratus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific
FIGURE 2. Maximum parsimony spanning networks of 16S constructed with TCS of Aratus pisonii (white circles) and Aratus pacificus n. sp. (grey circles) of 16S ribosomal mitochondrial gene (A, 624bp) and 28S ribosomal nuclear gene (B, 940bp). Each line represents a substitution and dots represent missing haplotypes. CRP: Mata de Limón, Costa Rica; DR1: Las Salinas, Dominican Republic; ECU: Puerto Morro, Ecuador (type-locality of Aratus pacificus n. sp.); JAM: Priory, Jamaica; PAR: Maruda, Pará, Brazil.
FIGURE 1 in Transisthmian differentiation in the tree-climbing mangrove crab Aratus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific
FIGURE 1. Sampling locations. BAH: Itacaré, Bahia, Brazil; CRA: Punta Uva, Costa Rica; CRP: Mata de Limón, Costa Rica; DR1: Las Salinas, Dominican Republic; DR2: Laguna Luperón, Dominican Republic; ECU: Puerto Morro, Ecuador (typelocality); JAM: Priory, Jamaica; PAR: Maruda, Pará, Brazil.
FIGURE 7 in Transisthmian differentiation in the tree-climbing mangrove crab Aratus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific
FIGURE 7. First male left gonopods of Aratus pisonii from the Caribbean Sea as observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in apical view (A–F), detail of the endpiece in lateral view (G–L) and total view (M–R).
Figure 2 in Comparative genetic differentiation study of three coexisting mangrove crabs in western Atlantic
Figure 2. Map showing the sampling sites for Leptuca thayeri along the western Atlantic, with collection localities (circles) inside each designated population (dashed areas – names indicated). Different colours represent different populations. States and/or countries of each locality are indicated. For each population, the number of sequences obtained for both mtDNA COI and 16S rDNA genes is indicated. Details of the localities sampled are reported in Table 1. Abbreviations of States: Mexico: CC: Campeche; Brazil: AP: Amapá; PA: Pará; MA: Maranhão; CE: Ceará; PE: Pernambuco; AL: Alagoas; BA: Bahia; ES: Espírito Santo; RJ: Rio de Janeiro; SP: São Paulo; PR: Paraná; SC: Santa Catarina.
Figure 1 in Comparative genetic differentiation study of three coexisting mangrove crabs in western Atlantic
Figure 1. Map showing the sampling sites for Aratus pisonii along the western Atlantic, with collection localities (circles) inside each designated population (dashed areas – names indicated). Different colours represent different populations. States and/or countries of each locality are indicated. For each population, the number of sequences obtained for both mtDNA COI and 16S rDNA genes is indicated. Details of the localities sampled are reported in Table 1. Abbreviations of States: Mexico: CC: Campeche; VZ: Veracruz; TC: Tabasco; TS: Tamaulipas; YN: Yucatán; Brazil: AP: Amapá; PA: Pará; MA: Maranhão; CE: Ceará; RN: Rio Grande do Norte; PE: Pernambuco; AL: Alagoas; BA: Bahia; ES: Espírito Santo; RJ: Rio de Janeiro; SP: São Paulo; PR: Paraná; SC: Santa Catarina.
Figure 5 in Comparative genetic differentiation study of three coexisting mangrove crabs in western Atlantic
Figure 5. Leptuca thayeri. Median-Joining haplotype network for mtDNA COI (a) and 16S rDNA (b), showing the distribution of the haplotypes (H); the circle size is proportional to the haplotype frequency; black circles indicate the median vector; different colours represent different populations; dashed circles indicate suggested isolated geographic regions. (c) Bayesian analysis for genetic differentiation for mtDNA COI among populations.
Figure 4 in Comparative genetic differentiation study of three coexisting mangrove crabs in western Atlantic
Figure 4. Aratus pisonii. Median-Joining haplotype network for mtDNA COI (a) and 16S rDNA (b), showing the distribution of the haplotypes (H); the circle size is proportional to the haplotype frequency; black circles indicate the median vector; different colours represent different populations; dashed circles indicate suggested isolated geographic regions. (c) Bayesian analysis for genetic differentiation for mtDNA COI among populations.
Figure 7 in Comparative genetic differentiation study of three coexisting mangrove crabs in western Atlantic
Figure 7. Mismatch distribution for mtDNA COI of respective clades I (a), II (b), and III (c) of Aratus pisonii; clades I (d), and II (e) of Leptuca thayeri; and for all samples of Goniopsis cruentata (f), showing the frequency of distribution of the number of pairwise nucleotide differences among all individuals, under the sudden expansion model. Columns show the observed frequency distribution and the lines represent the simulated values under the sudden expansion model. Statistics for SSD and HRI with probability values are indicated.
Fig. 6 in Salinity Variation in a Mangrove Ecosystem: A Physiological Investigation to Assess Potential Consequences of Salinity Disturbances on Mangrove Crabs
Fig. 6. NKA immunolabelling and activity for Neosarmatium meinerti (A, C, E) and Tubuca urvillei (B, D, F). NKA immunolabelling is shown for anterior (A, C) and posterior (B, D) gills (here, gill 8 for N. meinerti and gill 6 for T. urvillei). NKA activity (E, F) was measured from the last three gill pairs of crabs exposed to SW or dSW. Different letters show statistically significant differences based on a twoway ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test (p <0.05). GL: gill lamellae; arrow heads indicate NKA labelling. This labelling occurs along the basal side of the epithelial cells and appears reduced in the anterior gills but thicker in the posterior gills. Scale bar = 40 µm.
Fig. 2 in Salinity Variation in a Mangrove Ecosystem: A Physiological Investigation to Assess Potential Consequences of Salinity Disturbances on Mangrove Crabs
Fig. 2. Dorsal view of Neosarmatium meinerti (A) and Tubuca urvillei (B). (C) Schematic representation of the experimental setup. For those analyses considering gill tissues (morphology, NKA activity and labelling), anterior and posterior gills were considered separately. The macroscopic view of N. meinerti and T. urvillei gill cavities are shown in D and E, respectively. The branchiostegite covering the branchial cavity has been removed. Gills are numbered from the anterior side of the crabs. Both species present a similar gill organization but different total gill number: whilst there are 2 podobranchs and 4 arthrobranchs for T. urvillei, N. meinerti possess 3 podobranchs and 4 arthrobranchs. (F) Histological section of a phyllobranchiate gill (T. urvillei) with flat leaf-like lamellae connected to a central axis distributing and collecting the circulating hemolymph. Anterior and posterior gills of both species present a similar branchial organisation. CA: central axis; cSW: concentrated seawater; dSW: diluted seawater; FW: freshwater; GL: gill lamellae; GT: gill tip; iSW: isosmotic seawater; N: dissecting needle; SW: seawater. Scale bars: A = 3 cm, B = 2 cm; C = 2 cm; D = 7 mm; E = 500 µm. *values adjusted to the isosmotic point of each of the two species according to the results provided in figure 3A.
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OpenNeuro
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