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145 results for “marine protected area”
Data from: Marine protected areas rescue a sexually selected trait in European lobster
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly implemented worldwide to maintain and restore depleted populations. However, despite our knowledge on the myriad of positive responses to protection, there are few empirical studies on the ability to conserve species' mating patterns and secondary sexual traits. In male European lobsters (Homarus gammarus), the size of claws relative to body size correlates positively with male mating success and is presumably under sexual selection. At the same time, an intensive trap fishery exerts selection against large claws in males. MPAs could therefore be expected to resolve these conflicting selective pressures and preserve males with large claws. We explored this hypothesis by contrasting claw size of males and females in three pairs of MPAs and nearby fished areas in Southern Norway. By finding that male lobsters have up to 8 % larger claws inside MPAs compared to similarly sized males in fished areas, our study provides evidence that MPAs rescue a secondary sexual trait. Recovery from harvest selection acting on claws is the most likely explanation, however, the higher abundance of lobster inside MPAs does not rule out a plastic response on claw size due to increased competition. Regardless of the underlying cause, our study demonstrates (1) the value of protected areas as a management tool for mitigating fishery-induced evolution, and (2) that MPAs help maintaining the scope for sexual selection in populations with vulnerable life-histories and complex mating system.
Fig. 1 in Benthic hydrozoan assemblages as potential indicators of environmental health in a mediterranean marine protected area Abstract
Fig. 1: Sampling stations and associated level of impact in the study area.
Figure 2 in Coral cover percentage and health condition in Tioman Island marine protected area, Pahang, Malaysia
Figure 2. Classify the conservation of coral reef growth in Tiong Point, Tekek and Renggis Island.
Fig. 1 in Assessment of coastal fish assemblages before the establishment of a new marine protected area in the central Mediterranean: its role in formulating a zoning proposal Abstract
Fig. 1: Map of the study area with indication of sampling sectors around the promontory of Milazzo.
Data for the project: Shifts in habitat suitability for harbour porpoises leads to reduced importance of Marine Protected Areas
<p><span>Location data from 111 tracked harbour porpoises were collected over the period 1997–2022 as part of a long-term satellite telemetry monitoring program in Denmark</span><span>. Individual harbour porpoises were fitted with Argos satellite tags after being incidentally trapped in pound nets, which are used in near-shore commercial fisheries in the Inner Danish waters</span><span>. </span><span>Argos tags were programmed to make a limited number of daily satellite uplinks and acquire a location at pre-defined times (time of day and duty cycles) to increase the battery lifetime. Duty cycles of the tags varied between 1 and 4 days. Pre-processing of l</span><span>ocation data included filtering out unlikely locations using the Argos-Filter v7.03 </span><span>and the removal of locations on land and those collected within 24 hours after tagging to reduce behavioural bias caused by capture and tagging</span><span>.</span><span> After the data cleaning process, 9 345 <span>locations collected by 111 harbour porpoises were included in this study with an average tracking duration of 118.5 days per individual (min = 8 days, max = 522 days).</span></span></p> <p><span><span>Dataset includes coordinates (latitude and longitude ) of each location and the season and time period it was collected.</span></span></p>
C and N stable isotope ratios in fishes from marine protected areas and areas open to fishing
<p><span>Here, we assess </span><span>whether fishery exploitation affects the trophic structure of carnivorous fishes</span><span>. We censused fishes and analysed the stable isotope ratios of C and N of species targeted by fishermen in areas open to fishing and marine protected areas in the Mediterranean Sea and the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean. Results demonstrated a major impact of fishing on the biomass and the size structure of nektobenthic carnivorous fishes. However, those changes did not modify the diversity of the trophic resources used by the assemblage, </span><span>the pattern of resource partitioning between species or the degree of trophic redundancy</span><span>. These results add to recent evidence suggesting that marine protected areas implemented in fished seascapes may fail to restore the original structure of the food webs that once existed in pre-fished ecosystems, because regional decimation and extinction of highly mobile predators prevents recovering the original diversity of predators at local scales, even at no-take areas. If so, more strict local fishing regulations are unlikely to restore the original diversity of high trophic level carnivores and restoration goals should be reframed </span><span>in terms of an objective that is less unrealistic than restoring the pre-fished condition while still recovering aspects of the historical trophic structure</span><span>.</span></p>
Plastic pollution within "The Gully" Marine Protected Area of the Scotian Shelf, Northwest Atlantic
<p>This dataset contains information on plastic particle densities, characteristics (colour, morphology), size, and polymer types collected from seawater in "The Gully" Marine Protected Area between 1990 and 2019. Also included are the characteristics, sizes, and polymer types of ingested debris removed from the stomachs of two Endangered northern bottlenose whales (<em>Hyperoodon ampullatus</em>) stranded in Canada in 2019 and 2021. These data appear across 4 tabs in a single .xlsx file, connected by a SampleID column. </p> <p>Please see the following publication for full details: </p> <p>Kelly, N.E., Feyrer, L., Gavel, H., Trela, O., Ledwell, W., Breeze, H., Marotte, E.C., McConney, L. and Whitehead, H., 2023. <em>Long term trends in floating plastic pollution within a marine protected area identifies threats for Endangered northern bottlenose whales</em>. Environmental Research, 227, p.115686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115686. </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Extending full protection inside existing marine protected areas or reducing fishing effort outside can reconcile conservation and fisheries goals
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Using predictive models to identify kelp refuges in marine protected areas for management prioritisation
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Data from: Climate change and pathways of vessel traffic create marine protected area networks of invasion
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Auditory impairment from acoustic seal deterrents predicted for harbour porpoises in a marine protected area
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C and N stable isotope ratios in fishes from marine protected areas and areas open to fishing
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Data from: Marine protected areas rescue a sexually selected trait in European lobster
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Opportunities and challenges in achieving co-management in marine protected areas in East Africa: a comparative case study
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Data from: An approach to incorporating inferred connectivity of adult movement into marine protected area design with limited data
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Data from: Mediterranean marine protected areas have higher biodiversity via increased evenness, not abundance
<p>1. Protected areas are central to biodiversity conservation. For marine fish, marine protected areas (MPAs) often harbour more individuals, especially of species targeted by fisheries. But precise pathways of biodiversity change remain unclear. For example, how local-scale responses combine to affect regional biodiversity, important for managing spatial networks of MPAs, is not well known. Protection potentially influences three components of fish assemblages that determine how species accumulate with sampling effort and spatial scale: the total number of individuals, the relative abundance of species, and within species aggregation. Here, we examined the contributions of each component to species richness changes inside MPAs as a function of spatial scale.</p> <p>2. Using standardised underwater visual survey data, we measured the abundance and species richness of reef fishes in 43 protected and 41 fished sites in the Mediterranean Sea.</p> <p>3. At both local and regional scales, increased species evenness caused by added common species in MPAs compared to fished sites was the most important proximate driver of higher diversity.</p> <p>4. Site-to-site variation in the composition (i.e., ß-diversity) of common species was also higher among protected sites, and depended on sensitivity to exploitation. There were more abundant exploited species at regional scales than at local scales, reflecting a tendency for different protected sites to harbour different exploited species. In contrast, fewer abundant unexploited species were found at the regional scale than at the local scale, meaning that relative abundances at the regional scale were less even than at the local scale.</p> <p>5. <em>Synthesis and applications.</em> Although marine protected areas (MPAs) are known to strongly influence fish community abundance and biomass, we found that changes to the relative abundance of species (i.e., increased evenness) dominated the biodiversity response to protection. MPAs had more relatively common species, which in turn led to higher diversity for a given sampling effort. Moreover, higher ß-diversity of common species meant that local scale responses were magnified at the regional scale due to site-to-site variation inside protected areas for exploited species. Regional conservation efforts can be strengthened by examining how multiple components of biodiversity respond to protection across spatial scales.</p>
Pre-closure fishing pressure predicts effects of marine protected areas
1. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) can be effective tools for marine resource management. However, despite evidence of the positive effects of MPAs, such as increases in body sizes of organisms targeted by fisheries, there is often heterogeneity in biological outcomes among them. 2. Because fishing can drastically impact fish populations, the goal of this study was to determine if the levels of exploitation prior to protection could predict variation in the magnitude of MPA effects. 3. Using a diver operated stereo-video camera system, we compared sizes of fishes targeted by anglers within seven MPAs spanning the Southern California Bight to nearby comparison areas (non-MPAs). We used fine-scale data on pre-closure fishing pressure to test responses of fishes to protection along a gradient of exploitation. 4. Fish size responded to protection in proportion to pre-closure fishing pressure, with MPAs in areas with high pre-closure fishing having greater responses in average lengths and size distributions than those in areas with low fishing pressure. 5. This response was evident in species heavily targeted by recreational fishing, but not in species that were not targeted in fisheries. 6. Synthesis and applications: Pre-closure fishing pressure of an area can impact the efficacy of MPAs, and, when available, should be considered when predicting and evaluating MPA performance. Prioritizing heavily exploited areas for protection when implementing spatial management tools could maximize ecological outcomes.05-Nov-2019
Data from: Temperate marine protected area provides recruitment subsidies to local fisheries
The utility of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a means of protecting exploited species and conserving biodiversity within MPA boundaries is supported by strong empirical evidence. However, the potential contribution of MPAs to fished populations beyond their boundaries is still highly controversial; empirical measures are scarce and modelling studies have produced a range of predictions, including both positive and negative effects. Using a combination of genetic parentage and relatedness analysis, we measured larval subsidies to local fisheries replenishment for Australasian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus: Sparidae) from a small (5.2 km2), well-established, temperate, coastal MPA in northern New Zealand. Adult snapper within the MPA contributed an estimated 10.6% (95% CI: 5.5-18.1%) of newly settled juveniles to surrounding areas (approx. 400 km2), with no decreasing trend in contributions up to 40 km away. Biophysical modelling of larval dispersal matched experimental data, showing larvae produced inside the MPA dispersed over a comparable distance. These results demonstrate that temperate MPAs have the potential to provide recruitment subsidies at magnitudes and spatial scales relevant to fisheries management. The validated biophysical model provides a cost-efficient opportunity to generalize these findings to other locations and climate conditions, and potentially informs the design of MPA networks for enhancing fisheries management.
Data from: Benefits and challenges of scaling up expansion of marine protected area networks in the Verde Island Passage, Central Philippines
Locally-established marine protected areas (MPAs) have been proven to achieve local-scale fisheries and conservation objectives. However, since many of these MPAs were not designed to form ecologically-connected networks, their contributions to broader-scale goals such as complementarity and connectivity can be limited. In contrast, integrated networks of MPAs designed with systematic conservation planning are assumed to be more effective—ecologically, socially, and economically—than collections of locally-established MPAs. There is, however, little empirical evidence that clearly demonstrates the supposed advantages of systematic MPA networks. A key reason is the poor record of implementation of systematic plans attributable to lack of local buy-in. An intermediate scenario for the expansion of MPAs is scaling up of local decisions, whereby locally-driven MPA initiatives are coordinated through collaborative partnerships among local governments and their communities. Coordination has the potential to extend the benefits of individual MPAs and perhaps to approach the potential benefits offered by systematic MPA networks. We evaluated the benefits of scaling up local MPAs to form networks by simulating seven expansion scenarios for MPAs in the Verde Island Passage, central Philippines. The scenarios were: uncoordinated community-based establishment of MPAs; two scenarios reflecting different levels of coordinated MPA expansion through collaborative partnerships; and four scenarios guided by systematic conservation planning with different contexts for governance. For each scenario, we measured benefits through time in terms of achievement of objectives for representation of marine habitats. We found that: in any governance context, systematic networks were more efficient than non-systematic ones; systematic networks were more efficient in broader governance contexts; and, contrary to expectations but with caveats, the uncoordinated scenario was slightly more efficient than the coordinated scenarios. Overall, however, coordinated MPA networks have the potential to be more efficient than the uncoordinated ones, especially when coordinated planning uses systematic methods.
Data from: Fishing pressure impacts the abundance gradient of European lobsters across the borders of a newly established marine protected area
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered as viable fisheries management tools due to their potential benefits of adult spillover and recruitment subsidy to nearby fisheries. However, before-after-control-impact (BACI) studies that explore the biological and fishery effects of MPAs to surrounding fisheries are scarce. We present results from a fine-scale spatial gradient study conducted before and after the implementation of a 5km2 lobster MPA in southern Norway. A significant non-linear response in lobster abundance, estimated as catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) from experimental fishing, was detected within two years of protection. After 4 years, CPUE values inside the MPA had increased by a magnitude of 2.6 compared to before-protection values. CPUE showed a significant non-linear decline from the center of the MPA, with a depression immediately outside the border and a plateau in fished areas. Overall fishing pressure almost doubled over the course of the study. The highest increase in fishing pressure (by a magnitude of 3) was recorded within 1 km of the MPA border, providing a plausible cause for the depression in CPUE. Taken together, these results demonstrate the need to regulate fishing pressure in surrounding areas when MPAs are implemented as fishery management tools.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.