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Fig. 1 in Bioactive diterpenoid metabolism and cytotoxic activities of genetically transformed Euphorbia lathyris roots

Fig. 1. Establishment and culture maintenance of transformed E. lathyris roots. (a) Stem explants of 3-week-old greenhouse grown plants were used for co-culture with A. rhizogenes. (b) Roots emerged from callus at the site of infection after 2–3 weeks.(c) Adventitious roots displaying the characteristic of the "hairy root" phenotype. (d) Growth characteristics of the isogenic root line used in this study on agar media and in (e) liquid media.

Fig. 2 in Bioactive diterpenoid metabolism and cytotoxic activities of genetically transformed Euphorbia lathyris roots

Fig. 2. Base peak chromatograms of transformed E. lathyris roots compared to wild-type plant roots and aerial parts with putatively assigned metabolites that are structurally related to ingenol.

Fig. 4 in Bioactive diterpenoid metabolism and cytotoxic activities of genetically transformed Euphorbia lathyris roots

Fig. 4. Bioinformatic analysis and chemical elicitation of early diterpenoid biosynthetic genes expressed in transformed E. lathyris roots. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of (a) ElFPS and (b) ElGGPS highlighting two conserved aspartate-rich domains [DDxx(xx)D]. (c) Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of ElCS highlighting a conserved [DDxxD] motif that is essential to the cyclization functionalities of terpene synthases. (d) Time course of E. lathyris diterpenoid biosynthetic gene transcript levels in transformed root cultures treated with 100 μM methyl jasmonate. Asterisks indicate statistical significance in comparison to 0 h control assessed by one-way ANOVA (**,P <0.01; *,P <0.05).

Fig. 3 in Bioactive diterpenoid metabolism and cytotoxic activities of genetically transformed Euphorbia lathyris roots

Fig. 3. The MS/MS (fragmentation) data of m/z 477.2732 aided in the putative assignment of compound 8 as 15-O-acetyl-3-O-iso-butyryljolkinol-5β,6β-oxide. The fragmentation structures and m/z values correspond to each other (i.e. structures and peaks A-D).

Fig. 7 in Metabolic fingerprinting of banana passion fruits and its correlation with quorum quenching activity

Fig. 7. Supervised multivariate analysis of NMR data. A) OPLS score plot using Y-variable of QSI activity. The plot showed the separation of active and non-active samples along OPLS1 (left side active samples). B) The corresponding S-plot significant values for QSI activity without P. lehmanii samples. C) The corresponding Splot significant values for QSI activity without P. cumbalensis samples.

Fig. 6 in Metabolic fingerprinting of banana passion fruits and its correlation with quorum quenching activity

Fig. 6. PCA plot: The score plot of the principal component analysis (PCA) of 8 different species of banana passion fruits species shows a separation into four main groups.

Fig. 4 in Metabolic fingerprinting of banana passion fruits and its correlation with quorum quenching activity

Fig. 4. UHPLC chromatograms (340 nm) of the butanolic extract of Passiflora species. Bold numbers correspond to identified compounds, and numbers in italics to the m/z of unidentified compounds.

Fig. 2 in Metabolic fingerprinting of banana passion fruits and its correlation with quorum quenching activity

Fig. 2. The main differences for Passiflora samples can be observed in the aromatic region, suggesting a different composition of flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds for each species.

Fig. 1. 1H in Metabolic fingerprinting of banana passion fruits and its correlation with quorum quenching activity

Fig. 1. 1H NMR spectrum of Passiflora leave extract showing aliphatic, sugar and aromatic region and some assignments: ascorbic acid (I), proline (II), threonine (III), ethanol (IV), leucine (V) pipecolic acid (VI) and acetic acid (VIII) (A and B). Sugar region ascorbic acid (I) and glucose (X) (B and C). Phenolic region glucose (X), tyrosine (IX), 5-carboxymethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one (XI) shikimic acid (XII) (D). The whole NMR signals assignation can be consulted at Table 1 supporting information.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Metabolic transformation of gentiopicrin, a liver protective active ingredient, based on intestinal bacteria

Gentiopicrin is the main component of the famous Chinese patent medicine Long Dan Xie Gan Wan, and belongs to iridoid glycoside with a variety of pharmacological activities, such as liver protection, liver damage prevention. However, it has been reported that gentiopicrin is quickly absorbed in vivo and has low bioavailability in mice. As we known, the types of metabolic reactions of intestinal bacteria are different from that of liver metabolism, and intestinal bacteria play an important roles for the efficacy of compounds with low oral bioavailability. Thus, it is necessary to better understand the metabolic pathway of gentiopicrin. In the work, we adopted the co-incubation system of intestinal bacteria and gentiopicrin. Six metabolites were analyzed and identified, which includes aglycone reduction product (G-M1 and G-M2), aglycone hydrolysis product (G-M3), erythrocentaurin reduction product (G-M4 and G-M6), and dehydration product (G-M5). Three metabolites (G-M3, G-M5 and G-M6) have not been previously reported. We also demonstrated for the first time that G-M1 and G-M2 were chiral metabolites of gentiopicrin by NMR data. Moreover, possible new metabolic pathways of gentiopicrin have been found. Therefore, this study provides a new clue to the type of metabolic reactions and the spectrum of metabolites of gentiopicrin.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

Metabolic Activation of Brain Areas With Emotional Stimuli Compared With Score in Psychological Test

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04974437. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.

The Effect of Correction of Metabolic Acidosis in CKD on Intrarenal RAS Activity

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02896309. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

ET1 Concentration, Metabolic Pathway Activation, and Pulmonary Blood Flow in Infants Undergoing Superior Cavo-Pulmonary Anastomosis

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03404258. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Physical Activity and Basal Metabolic Rate in Postmenopausal Women

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01550536. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Single Dose Clamp Study to Evaluate Concentration-time Profile and Metabolic Activity of 3 Dose Levels of Afrezza and 3 Dose Levels of Insulin Lispro in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02470637. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

The Incidence and Outcomes of Metabolically Active Brown Adipose Tissue (aBAT) in Patients With Pheochromocytoma or Paraganglioma (PPGLs)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06440122. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 13.

Assessment of Changes in Metabolic Activity in Liver & Skeletal Muscle in Patients Suffering From Acromegaly

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02115906. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism Using Mirabegron

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04823442. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

The Effects of Crocin Supplementation on Metabolic Parameters, Oxidative Stress, AMP- Activated Protein Kinase and Inflammation-promoting Genes Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Pati

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04163757. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Metabolic Risk Management, Physical Exercise and Lifestyle Counselling in Low-active Adults; Controlled Randomized Trial

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02832453. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.