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128 results for “micro-Computed Tomography”
Fig. 12 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols
Fig. 12. Cross-section image without (A) and with (B) a selection of a region of interest (red square) for the reconstruction of polychaete jaws. Image by HCMR micro-CT lab.
FIGURE 2 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 2. Reconstructed tomographic images of the specimen (1) and its internal structure in median section (2). The lower and upper jaws are enlarged in (3) and (4), respectively.
FIGURE 5 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 5. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the upper and lower jaws preserved in the body chamber of the specimen. The reconstructed parts are inside the specimen (1). The jaws are preserved close to each other (2).
FIGURE 1 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 1. Left lateral (1), dorsal (2) and ventral (3) views of Phyllopachyceras ezoensis with preserved upper and lower jaws in situ within the body chamber. UMUT MM 27831 (modified from Tanabe et al., 2013).
FIGURE 7 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 7. Result of segmentation of the upper jaw of the specimen, from frontal (1), rear (2), left-lateral (3) views and the transverse section of the area (4) indicated as a square in (3). The three-dimensional reconstruction (5) shows areal distributions of the "chitinous" lamellae and the calcareous covering. The reconstruction of the transverse section (6), which corresponds to (4), shows the architecture of the outer lamella. The abbreviations are indicated in (5).
FIGURE 6 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 6. Result of segmentation of the lower jaw of the specimen, from lateral view which is restricted to its anterior and posterior portion (1). Three-dimensional reconstruction (2) suggests a wide distribution of calcareous material. The outer calcareous layer on the outer "chitinous" layer is partly taken off in (2). The transverse section of the area indicated as a square in (1) shows that the calcareous covering of the lower jaw also covers the internal surface of the "chitinous" lamella (3). The abbreviation is indicated in (2).
FIGURE 4 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 4. Linear absorption coefficient (LAC) of the internal portions of the specimen estimated by their mean luminance values in the tomographic images. The numbers (1)-(10) correspond to the materials in Table 1. The dashed lines indicate the known values for the materials (Chantler et al., 2005) that could be expected to be observed in the specimen. Note that glycine is the most dominant amino acid in jaws of Octopus vulgaris (Hunt and Nixon, 1981). The relationship between LAC values and luminance values is based on the assumption that the LAC values for the surrounding air are zero and that the crystals precipitated in the phragmocone are calcite.
FIGURE 3 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 3. Serial cross-sections of the body chamber portion of the specimen cut from the venter (1) to the dorsum (4), in which sectioned images of the upper jaw are shown. Note that the vertical stripes are due to the separated scanning.
GFRP Glass fibre plain weave laminate - Micro-computed tomography scans
<p>A sample of computed tomography image of a glass fibre plain weave laminate. Detailed description can be found in the attached metadata files as well as in the associated paper: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.03.027">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.03.027 </a></p> <p>The sample was used for geometrical analysis and for creating a TexGen model with the subsequent image-based permeability modelling.</p>
3D Data from "New look at Concavicaris woodfordi (Euarthropoda: Pancrustacea?) using micro-computed tomography"
<p>It includes the tomograms (CT-scan), the segmentation project (Mimics) the 3D rendered data (STL) of the holotype of <em>Concavicaris woodfordi</em> (USNM PAL 112025).</p> <p><strong>Tomograms</strong>. The specimen was micro-CT scanned using the North Star Imaging µCT scanner housed at Vanderbilt University (Tennessee, USA). 1377 two-dimensional images were obtained with a voxel size of 46 µm at a voltage of 115 kV and current of 10 µA; the volume was reconstructed using EFX-CT (North Star Imaging, Minnesota, USA).</p> <p><strong>Segmentation. </strong>Rotation (178°), cropping and conversion to 8-bit were applied to every slice prior to segmentation. Manual and semi-automatic segmentation were done using Mimics 24.0 Research Edition (Materialise). The results of the segmentation were exported as STL files. 3D rendering and processing was done using Meshlab 2021.05 (GNU GPL 3.0)</p>
Rapid divergent evolution of internal female genitalia and the coevolution of male genital morphology revealed by micro-computed tomography
<p>Animal genitalia are thought to evolve rapidly and divergently in response to sexual selection. Studies of genital evolution have focused largely on male genitalia, with our understanding of female genital evolution relatively limited. The paucity of work on female genital morphology is likely due to problems faced in quantifying shape variation, due to their composition and accessibility. Here we use a combination of micro-computed tomography, landmark-free shape quantification, and phylogenetic analysis to quantify the rate of female genital shape evolution among 29 species of Antichiropus millipedes, and the coevolution of male genitalia. We found significant variation in female and male genital shape among species. While male genital shape showed significant phylogenetic signal, female genital shape did not. Male genital shape was found to be evolving 1.2 times faster than female genital shape. Female and male genital shapes exhibited strongly correlated evolution, indicating that genital shape changes in one sex are associated with corresponding changes in the genital shape of the other sex. This study adds novel insight into our growing understanding of how female genitalia can evolve rapidly and divergently and highlights the advantages of three-dimensional techniques and multivariate analyses in studies of female genital evolution.</p>
Research compendium for 'Practical and technical aspects for the 3D scanning of lithic artefacts using micro-computed tomography techniques and laser light scanners for subsequent geometric morphometric analysis. Introducing the StyroStone protocol'
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Here, we present a new method to scan a large number of lithic artefacts using three-dimensional (3D) scanning technology. Despite the rising use of high-resolution 3D surface scanners in archaeological sciences, no virtual studies have focused on the 3D digitization and analysis of small lithic implements such as bladelets, microblades, and microflakes. This is mostly due to difficulties in creating reliable 3D meshes of these artefacts resulting from several inherent features (i.e., size, translucency, and acute edge angles), which compromise the efficiency of structured light or laser scanners and photogrammetry. Our new protocol <em>StyroStone</em> addresses this problem by proposing a step-by-step procedure relying on the use of micro-computed tomographic technology, which is able to capture the 3D shape of small lithic implements in high detail. We tested a system that enables us to scan hundreds of artefacts together at once within a single scanning session lasting a few hours. As also bigger lithic artefacts (i.e., blades) are present in our sample, this protocol is complemented by a short guide on how to effectively scan such artefacts using a structured light scanner (Artec Space Spider). Furthermore, we estimate the accuracy of our scanning protocol using principal component analysis of 3D Procrustes shape coordinates on a sample of meshes of bladelets obtained with both micro-computed tomography and another scanning device (i.e., Artec Micro). A comprehensive review on the use of 3D geometric morphometrics in lithic analysis and other computer-based approaches is provided in the introductory chapter to show the advantages of improving 3D scanning protocols and increasing the digitization of our prehistoric human heritage.</p> <p><strong>Content List:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>S1. </strong>Step-by-step protocol entitled ‘StyroStone: A protocol for scanning and extracting three-dimensional meshes of stone artefacts using Micro-CT scanners’. Also available on protocols.io (dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bzbfp2jn);</li> <li><strong>S2. </strong>Dataset with all raw semilandmark coordinate data (in .xlsx format) used in the validation study;</li> <li><strong>S3. </strong>AGMT3D project. The file “Validation Protocol-MorphoProject.mat” can be used to open the project in the software AGMT3D;</li> <li><strong>S4. </strong>Dataset in .csv format of the principal component score data of the validation study;</li> <li><strong>S5.</strong> R script used to create Figure 2 using the R package ggplot2;</li> <li><strong>S6. </strong>3D models of the experimental bladelets obtained with the Micro-CT scanner used in the validation study. Both .ply and .wrl formats are provided;</li> <li><strong>S7. </strong>3D models of the experimental bladelets obtained with the Artec Micro scanner used in the validation study. Both .ply and .wrl formats are provided.</li> </ul>
Fig. 7 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols
Fig. 7. Setup of scanning containers. Images by HCMR micro-CT lab.
Fig. 2 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols
Fig. 2. Schematic overview of the X-Ray generator.
3D orthogonal woven carbon fibre fabric and composites - Micro-computed tomography scans
<p>Computed tomography images of a 3D orthogonal woven carbon fibre fabric and composites. Detailed description can be found in the attached metadata files as well as in the associated paper: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.10.004">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.10.004</a></p> <p>The sample was used for geometrical analysis and for creating a TexGen model with the subsequent permeability and mechanical modelling.</p>
Rapid divergent evolution of internal female genitalia and the coevolution of male genital morphology revealed by micro-computed tomography
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Micro-computed tomography data for: Resolving the design principles that control postnatal vascular growth and scaling
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FIGURE 2 in A new microhylid frog, genus Rhombophryne, from northeastern Madagascar, and a re-description of R. serratopalpebrosa using micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 2. Comparative osteology of Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357/2005, left in all pairs), and Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size; see Supplementary Figure S1 for manipulable model and scale. a: spinal columns in dorsal view (A = Atlas, T = Thoracic Vertebra, L = Lumbar Vertebra, S = Sacrum, U = Urostyle); b: ilia in dorsal view, with arrows indicating the third lumbar vertebrae and anterior-most end of the ilia; c: hands in ventral view, with arrows indicating the prepollex; d: head in ventral view, with arrows indicating the postchoanal prevomerine palate; e: columellae in dorsal view.
FIGURE 1. Holotype ZSM 357 in A new microhylid frog, genus Rhombophryne, from northeastern Madagascar, and a re-description of R. serratopalpebrosa using micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 1. Holotype ZSM 357/2005 (FGZC 2876) (a–b) and paratype UADBA uncatalogued (FGZC 2842) (c–d) of Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. in dorsolateral and ventral views. Inset in c depicts the superciliary spines of the paratype. Note the variance in length of these spines.
FIGURE 3 in A new microhylid frog, genus Rhombophryne, from northeastern Madagascar, and a re-description of R. serratopalpebrosa using micro-computed tomography
FIGURE 3. Comparative skull osteology of Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs) and Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357/2005, left in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size. a: lateral view; b: ventral view; c: dorsal view. Abbreviations: angspl = angulosplenial, col = columella, fpar = frontoparietal, max = maxillary, mmk = mentomeckelian bone, pmax = premaxilla, pro = prootic, prsph = parasphenoid, pter = pterygoid, pvom = prevomer, pvom/ neopl = prevomer/neopalatine (either fused or replaced), qj = quadratojugal, spheth = sphenethmoid, spmax = septomaxilla, sq = squamosal.
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