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opencc-by-4.0Aug 2016View details →

Fig. 2 in Molecular characterization of trypanosomatid infections in wild howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in northeastern Argentina

Fig. 2. Study areas showing the locations of the sampled howler groups and the results of molecular analysis: groups with only RibDNA PCR-positive howler monkeys (gray circle); groups with RibDNA and kDNA-PCR-positive howler monkeys (white circle); groups with RibDNA, kDNA, and SatDNA-PCR-positive howler monkeys positive (black circle). A: Isla Brasilera (IB) and Isla del Cerrito (IC); B: San Cayetano (SC) and Estacíon Bioĺogica de Corrientes (EBCo).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in Molecular characterization of trypanosomatid infections in wild howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in northeastern Argentina

Fig. 1. Location of study areas in Northeastern Argentina: San Cayetano (SC), Estacíon Bioĺogica Corrientes (EBCo), Isla Brasilera (IB) and Isla del Cerrito (IC).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2016View details →

Fig. 3 in Molecular characterization of trypanosomatid infections in wild howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in northeastern Argentina

Fig. 3. Size variation of amplified kDNA fragments revealed by electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. Samples are indicated by their ID numbers. Reference strains used as positive controls: TR1 and TR2: T. rangeli, k98: T. cruzi I, ClBr: T. cruzi VI (Cl Brener). M: 1 kb DNA molecular ladder. Fragment size is indicated in base pairs.

Fig. 5 in Helminth parasites of howler and spider monkeys in Mexico: Insights into molecular diagnostic methods and their importance for zoonotic diseases and host conservation

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic trees based on 28S (left) and cox1 (right) sequences of Strongyloides eggs. Sequences obtained from the eggs are bold type and indicated with an *. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probabilities from Bayesian inference.

Fig. 2 in Helminth parasites of howler and spider monkeys in Mexico: Insights into molecular diagnostic methods and their importance for zoonotic diseases and host conservation

Fig. 2. Egg morphotypes found in the faeces of Mexican primates. A) Trypanoxyuris sp., B) Controrchis biliophilus, arrow pointing to the two eyespot remnants; C) trematode, diagnosed as C. biliophilus by molecular data; D) unidentified ancylostomatid; E) Strongyloides sp.; F) unidentified ascarid. Scale bar is equal to 15 Mm.

Fig. 4 in Helminth parasites of howler and spider monkeys in Mexico: Insights into molecular diagnostic methods and their importance for zoonotic diseases and host conservation

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic tree based on 28S sequences of Controrchis biliophilus. Sequences obtained from the eggs are bold type and indicated with an *. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probabilities from Bayesian inference. Host species are indicated within parenthesis.

Fig. 1 in Helminth parasites of howler and spider monkeys in Mexico: Insights into molecular diagnostic methods and their importance for zoonotic diseases and host conservation

Fig. 1. Surveyed sites for parasites in Mexican primates. Dots indicate sampling sites, black: Alouatta palliata; white: A. pigra; and grey: Atetes geoffroyi. Polygons indicate the primate distribution range in Mexico, diagonal lines: A. palliata; dashes: A. pigra; and grey: A. geoffroyi.

Fig. 3 in Helminth parasites of howler and spider monkeys in Mexico: Insights into molecular diagnostic methods and their importance for zoonotic diseases and host conservation

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic trees based on 28S (left) and cox1 (right) sequences of Trypanoxyuris sp. Sequences obtained from the eggs are bold type and indicated with an *. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probabilities from Bayesian inference.

Fig. 3 in Co-infection patterns of intestinal parasites in arboreal primates (proboscis monkeys, Nasalis larvatus) in Borneo

Fig. 3. Differences in width among trichurid egg morphotypes found in proboscis monkey feces. (T1 n = 11, T2 n = 30, T3 n = 30, T4 n = 2, and T5 n = 10). Median, boxes define the 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers extend to maximum ± 1.5 times the interquartile range (IQR = middle 50% of the records). *p = 0.05; **p = 0.001; ***p = 0.0001.

Fig. 2 in Co-infection patterns of intestinal parasites in arboreal primates (proboscis monkeys, Nasalis larvatus) in Borneo

Fig. 2. Taxonomic diversity of helminth parasites found in proboscis monkeys. The five detected helminth orders were: the order Enoplida, trichurids (morphotypes T1-T4 genus Trichuris, T5 genus Anatrichosoma), the order Strongylida (morphotypes S1 genus Trichostrongylus, S2 genus Oesophagostomum/Ternidens, S3 unknown strongylid), the order Rhabditida, genus Strongyloides (R), the order Ascaridida, genus Ascaris (with exfoliated rough brown outer shell layer) (A) and the order Oxyurida, genus Enterobius (O). Scale bars = 50 Mm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).

Fig. 1 in Co-infection patterns of intestinal parasites in arboreal primates (proboscis monkeys, Nasalis larvatus) in Borneo

Fig. 1. Sample collection sites along the Kinabatangan River in Borneo. The island of Borneo, South-East Asia, with position of Lot 6 on the southern riverbank in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Map reproduced according to GPS data points collected and mapped via Garmin Map Source (version 6.16.3).

Fig. 4 in Co-infection patterns of intestinal parasites in arboreal primates (proboscis monkeys, Nasalis larvatus) in Borneo

Fig. 4. Differences in length among strongylid egg morphotypes found in proboscis monkey feces. (S1 n = 30, S2 n = 30, and S3 n = 17). Median, boxes define the 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers extend to maximum ± 1.5 times the interquartile range (IQR = middle 50% of the records). *p = 0.05; **p = 0.001; ***p = 0.0001.

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Fig. 22. A. Monkey vertebra without metal support. B. A in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 22. A. Monkey vertebra without metal support. B. A metal artefact (yellow arrow) is created due to the metal rod used to support a series of vertebrae on a mounted skeleton. Photo courtesy of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) / DIGIT-3 Belspo, CC-BY-NC-ND Jonathan Brecko.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Data from Churan et al. 2018 Comparison of the precision of smooth pursuit in humans and head unrestrained monkeys

Experiments were performed in two rhesus monkeys, B and E. Each monkey made a combination of slow and fast eye-movements following a visual target. The target was stationary at first and then either abruptly started moving (at a speed of 10°/s) in a certain direction (Ramp paradigm) or made a Step before starting the motion (Step-Ramp paradigm). By using a specific Step size and Step direction the initial saccade was eliminated in the Step-Ramp paradigm. The direction of the stimulus motion was predominantly horizontal with a smaller vertical component that was systematically varied between 0° and +-20°. We investigated how precisely the monkeys can follow this vertical component of the stimulus motion. The files: There are separate files for each monkey (B and E) and paradigm (Ramp and Step_Ramp). The files are MATLAB data files. Ramp: Each file consists of three variables – ‘alldatx’, ‘alldaty’, and ‘init’. ‘alldatx’ and ‘alldaty’ are cell arrays in which each cell represents one vertical component of the stimulus: 1=20° up, 2=10° up, 3=5° up, 4=2° up, 5=0° , 6=2° down, 7=5° down, 8=10° down, 9=20° down. Each cell contains a matrix of n x 2001 elements. Each row represents the eye velocities during one individual trial between 1000 ms before and 1000 ms after the start of stimulus motion with a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. ‘init’ is a cell array in which each cell represents one vertical component of the stimulus (s. above). Each cell contains a structure array which shows the approximate properties of the initial saccade in each trial: ‘init.t’: Start end end time of the saccade (in ms) after the start of stimulus motion. ‘init.amp’: Amplitude of the initial saccade in deg ‘init.startpos’, ‘init.endpos’: start- and end-position (x, y) of the saccade Step_Ramp: Each file consists of two variables – ‘alldatx’, ‘alldaty’. Description is the same as for Ramp.

Figure 3 in Seasonal variations in immunoreactive cortisol and fecal immunoglobulin levels in Sichuan golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Figure 3. The immunoreactive cortisol concentrations of Sichuan golden monkeys within seasons (ng/g). Sp: Spring; Su: summer; Au: autumn; Wi: winter. FM refers to the mean of nonpregnant females (F1 and F2); MM refers to the mean of males (M1, M2, and M3). *,#, §,﹠: P <0.05, bar with * was significantly higher than bar with #, and bar with § was significantly higher than bar with ﹠.

Figure 5 in Seasonal variations in immunoreactive cortisol and fecal immunoglobulin levels in Sichuan golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Figure 5. The fecal immunoglobulin levels of Sichuan golden monkeys over the year (ng/g). FM refers to mean of nonpregnant females (F1 and F2); MM refers to mean of males (M1, M2, and M3).

Figure 2 in Seasonal variations in immunoreactive cortisol and fecal immunoglobulin levels in Sichuan golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Figure 2. Immunoreactive cortisol concentrations in males (M1 was the dominant male; M2 and M3 were all-male units) within seasons (ng/g). Sp: Spring; Su: summer; Au: autumn; Wi: winter. a,b,c,d: Histograms that share the same letters do not differ from each other, whereas histograms with different letters are different at P <0.05. *,#: P <0.05, bar with # was significantly higher than bar with *.

Figure 1 in Seasonal variations in immunoreactive cortisol and fecal immunoglobulin levels in Sichuan golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Figure 1. Immunoreactive cortisol concentrations in nonpregnant (F1 and F2) and pregnant (F3) females within seasons (ng/g). Sp: spring; Su: summer; Au: autumn; Wi: winter. a,b,c,d: Histograms that share the same letters do not differ from each other, whereas histograms with different letters are different at P <0.05. *,#: P <0.05, bar with * was significantly higher than bar with #.

Figure 4 in Seasonal variations in immunoreactive cortisol and fecal immunoglobulin levels in Sichuan golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Figure 4. The immunoreactive cortisol concentrations of Sichuan golden monkeys over the year (ng/g). FM refers to mean of nonpregnant females (F1 and F2); MM refers to mean of males (M1, M2, and M3).