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101 results for “morphological phenotype”
FIGURES 1–2 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 1–2. Paroster darlotensis (first-instar larva), head capsule: (1) dorsal aspect; (2) ventral aspect. EB, egg bursters: FR, frontoclypeus; PA, parietale; TP, tentorial pits. Numbers and lowercase letters refer to primary setae and pores, respectively. Scale bar = 0.20 mm.
FIGURES 3–4 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 3–4. Paroster darlotensis (first-instar larva), antenna: (3) ventral aspect; (4) dorsal aspect. AN, antenna. Numbers and lowercase letters refer to primary setae and pores, respectively. Scale bar = 0.10 mm.
FIGURES 43–44 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 43–44. Paroster nigroadumbratus (third-instar larva): (43) head capsule, dorsal aspect (not all secondary setae represented); (44) abdominal segment eight and proximal portion of urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Scale bar = 0.20 mm.
FIGURES 41–42 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 41–42. Paroster niger (third-instar larva): (41) head capsule, dorsal aspect (not all secondary setae represented); (42) abdominal segment eight and proximal portion of urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Scale bar = 0.20 mm.
FIGURES 19–20 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 19–20. Paroster hinzeae (third-instar larva): (19) head capsule, dorsal aspect (not all secondary setae represented); (20) abdominal segment eight and proximal portion of urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Scale bars = 0.50 mm.
FIGURES 37–38 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 37–38. Paroster insculptilis (third-instar larva): (37) head capsule, dorsal aspect (not all secondary setae represented); (38) abdominal segment eight and proximal portion of urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Scale bar = 0.20 mm.
FIGURES 31–32 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 31–32. Paroster baylyi (third-instar larva): (31) head capsule, dorsal aspect (not all secondary setae represented); (32) abdominal segment eight and proximal portion of urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Scale bar = 0.20 mm.
FIGURES 35–36 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 35–36. Paroster couragei, metathoracic leg (third-instar larva): (35) anterior aspect; (36) posterior aspect. Scale bar = 0.20 mm.
FIGURES 29–30 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 29–30. Paroster wedgeensis (third-instar larva): (29) head capsule, dorsal aspect (not all secondary setae represented); (30) abdominal segment eight and proximal portion of urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Scale bar = 0.20 mm.
FIGURES 12–14 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 12–14. Paroster darlotensis (first-instar larva): (12–13) abdominal segment eight; (12) dorsal aspect; (13) ventral aspect; (14) urogomphus, dorsal aspect; AB, abdominal segment eight; UR, urogomphus. Numbers and lowercase letters refer to primary setae and pores, respectively. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.
FIGURES 10–11 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 10–11. Paroster darlotensis (first-instar larva), metathoracic leg: (10) anterior aspect; (11) posterior aspect. CO, coxa; FE, femur; PT, pretarsus; TA, tarsus; TI, tibia; TR, trochanter. Setae PT1 and PT2 not represented. Numbers and lowercase letters refer to primary setae and pores, respectively. Scale bar = 0.10 mm.
FIGURES 15–16 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 15–16. Paroster darlotensis (third-instar larva): (15) head capsule, dorsal aspect (not all secondary setae represented); (16) abdominal segment eight and proximal portion of urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Scale bars = 0.50 mm.
Phenotypic assortment by morphology in social partners of the forked fungus beetle Bolitotherus cornutus
<p>Social interactions with conspecifics can dramatically affect an individual's fitness. The positive or negative consequences of interacting with social partners typically depend on the value of traits that they express. These pathways of social selection connect the traits and genes expressed in some individuals to the fitness realized by others, thereby altering the total phenotypic selection on and evolutionary response of traits across the multivariate phenotype. The downstream effects of social selection are mediated by the patterns of phenotypic assortment between focal individuals and their social partners (the interactant covariance, C<sup>ij</sup> , or the multivariate form, C<sup>I</sup>). Depending on the sign and magnitude of the interactant covariance, the direction of social selection can be reinforced, reversed, or erased. We report estimates of C<sup>ij </sup>from a variety of studies of forked fungus beetles to address the largely unexplored questions of consistency and plasticity of phenotypic assortment in natural populations. We found that phenotypic assortment of male beetles based on body size or horn length was highly variable among subpopulations, but that those differences also were broadly consistent from year to year. At the same time, the strength and direction of C<sup>ij </sup>changed quickly in response to experimental changes in resource distribution and social properties of populations. Generally, interactant covariances were more negative in contexts in which the number of social interactions was greater in both field and experimental situations. These results suggest that patterns of phenotypic assortment could be important contributors to variability in multilevel selection through their mediation of social selection gradients.</p>
Dataset with values of morphological parameters and phenotypes of cells and colonies from three human pluripotent stem cell lines
<p>The dataset is a part of the following manuscript submitted for publication in International Journal of Molecular Sciences (MDPI):</p> <p>"Prognostic Analysis of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Based on their Morphological Portrait and Expression of Pluripotent Markers" by Olga A. Krasnova, Vitaly V. Gursky, Alina S. Chabina, K. A. Kulakova, L. L. Alekseenko, Alexandra V. Panova, Sergey L. Kiselev and Irina E. Neganova</p> <p>The files contain values of several morphological parameters and phenotypes obtained for cells and colonies from hESC line H9, hiPSC line AD3, and hiPSC line CaSR. The phenotypic information is presented in three forms: four possible classes of colonies according to the visually assessed phenotype ('bad', 'average', 'good', and 'excellent'), three possible classes (previous 'good' and 'excellent' combined in one 'good' class), and two possible classes (previous 'bad' and 'average' combined in one 'bad' class, and previous 'good' and 'excellent' combined in one 'good' class).</p>
FIG. 4 in Phenotypic Variation in Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) at Broad Spatial Scales Makes Morphology an Insufficient Basis for Taxonomic Reclassification of the Species
FIG. 4. The number of vertebrae (A) and basihyal teeth (B) reported by Stauffer (2020) for Cosby (CS; yellow), Indian Camp (ICC; blue), and Greenbrier (GB; green) Creeks. Vertebrae counts from peer-reviewed literature are also shown (see the supplement for sources), and, where appropriate, mean (triangle), mode (circle), and/or range (line) are indicated. The dashed line in panel B reflects values that were reported for basihyal tooth count from Cosby Creek in Stauffer (2020) but which were inconsistent with the requested data.
FIG. 1 in Phenotypic Variation in Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) at Broad Spatial Scales Makes Morphology an Insufficient Basis for Taxonomic Reclassification of the Species
FIG. 1. Native distribution of Brook Trout (shaded gray area) in the United States and Canada, with Brook Trout used in our comparative analyses originating from survey locations located in panels A and B. The three streams in Long Island, NY, surveyed by Stauffer and King (2014) are shown in panel A. Panel B shows streams from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) surveyed by Weathers et al. (2019; circles) and Stauffer (2020; diamonds), with the three streams included in both studies symbolized with matching colors (Cosby Creek: yellow; Greenbrier Creek: green; Indian Camp Creek: blue). Streams included in Weathers et al. (2019) but not included in Stauffer (2020) are shown in gray circles.
FIG. 2 in Phenotypic Variation in Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) at Broad Spatial Scales Makes Morphology an Insufficient Basis for Taxonomic Reclassification of the Species
FIG. 2. First two dimensions of principal components analysis (PCA) of ten meristic traits for five populations of SaLVELinUS. The populations analyzed included the three surveyed by Stauffer (2020) and Weathers et al. (2019) from Cosby (yellow), Greenbrier (green), and Indian Camp (blue) Creeks, collections from Weathers et al. (2019) for 35 additional streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP; gray), and three populations from Long Island, NY described by Stauffer and King (2014; red). Ellipses envelop 95% of variation for each population, and population centroids are indicated by a triangle.
Data from: Niche theory and its relation to morphology and phenotype in geographic space: a case study in woodpeckers (Picidae)
Ecogeographic analyses have recovered common environmental trends with respect to morphology; however discrepancies among trends exist. Hypothesized reasons for these divergences vary, but most relate a taxon's morphology to its ecological niche. Morphology is known to diverge when species co-occur with competitors or predators and when species occur across different habitats and environments. A less understood divergence from ecogeographic trends is niche fixation, wherein species become locked into particular niches due to their community interactions or foraging ecology. A form of niche fixation has been hypothesized in the theory of Interspecies Social Dominance Mimicry (ISDM), in which mimics maintain relatively constant size ratios with models to perpetuate their mimicry. If true, mimics should display variation and trends in tandem with their models. Here, I use mass as a proxy for body size and examine ecogeographic trends in two sets of woodpeckers (Picidae): a Nearctic group which has been reported to interact via ISDM, and a Neotropical group which, based on similar appearances and overlapping distributions, is a potential ISDM system. I found ecogeographic trends suggestive of differential evolutionary responses, and I found evidence against niche fixation in the Nearctic clade. The Neotropic clade showed limited evidence for tandem size evolution between models and mimics, but inconsistencies in the size ratios between mimic and model populations. Here, I discuss the implications of observing divergent ecogeographic trends within mimicry systems, with specific emphasis on how environment, ecology, and community interactions guide evolution.
Data from: Morphological change and phenotypic plasticity in native and non–native pumpkinseed sunfish in response to sustained water velocities
Phenotypic plasticity can contribute to the proliferation and invasion success of nonindigenous species by promoting phenotypic changes that increase fitness, facilitate range expansion and improve survival. In this study, differences in phenotypic plasticity were investigated using young-of-year pumpkinseed sunfish from colonies established with lentic and lotic populations originating in Canada (native) and Spain (non-native). Individuals were subjected to static and flowing water treatments for 80 days. Inter- and intra-population differences were tested using ancova and discriminant function analysis, and differences in phenotypic plasticity were tested through a manova of discriminant function scores. Differences between Iberian and North American populations were observed in dorsal fin length, pectoral fin position and caudal peduncle length. Phenotypic plasticity had less influence on morphology than genetic factors, regardless of population origin. Contrary to predictions, Iberian pumpkinseed exhibited lower levels of phenotypic plasticity than native populations, suggesting that canalization may have occurred in the non-native populations during the processes of introduction and range expansion.
Figure 8 in High level of phenotypic homoplasy amongst eutardigrades (Tardigrada) based on morphological and total evidence phylogenetic analyses
Figure 8. Maximum clade credibility phylogram obtained with Bayesian inference using combined data: morphological matrix without gamete-related characters and molecular data (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA). Values above branches are posterior probabilities supports.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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