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opennotspecifiedMar 2020View details →

FIGURES 6–9 in Pagastia (P.) donoliveri sp. nov. - a new Nearctic alpine stream chironomid species (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from the Beartooth Mountains, Wyoming U.S. A.

FIGURES 6–9. Pagastia (P.) donoliveri sp. nov., male. 6–7, parts of hypopygium in dorsal view; 8, apex of anal point with peg; 9, gonostylus.

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Data from: Climate, demography, and zoogeography predict introgression thresholds in Salmonid hybrid zones in Rocky Mountain streams

Among the many threats posed by invasions of nonnative species is introgressive hybridization, which can lead to the genomic extinction of native taxa. This phenomenon is regarded as common and perhaps inevitable among native cutthroat trout and introduced rainbow trout in western North America, despite that these taxa naturally co-occur in some locations. We conducted a synthetic analysis of 13,315 genotyped fish from 558 sites by building logistic regression models using data from geospatial stream databases and from 12 published studies of hybridization to assess whether environmental covariates could explain levels of introgression between westslope cutthroat trout and rainbow trout in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains. A consensus model performed well (AUC, 0.78–0.86; classification success, 72–82%; 10-fold cross validation, 70–82%) and predicted that rainbow trout introgression was significantly associated with warmer water temperatures, larger streams, proximity to warmer habitats and to recent sources of rainbow trout propagules, presence within the historical range of rainbow trout, and locations further east. Assuming that water temperatures will continue to rise in response to climate change and that levels of introgression outside the historical range of rainbow trout will equilibrate with those inside that range, we applied six scenarios across a 55,234-km stream network that forecast 9.5–74.7% declines in the amount of habitat occupied by westslope cutthroat trout populations of conservation value, but not the wholesale loss of such populations. We conclude that introgression between these taxa is predictably related to environmental conditions, many of which can be manipulated to foster largely genetically intact populations of westslope cutthroat trout and help managers prioritize conservation activities.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

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Influence of biomimicry structures on ecosystem function in a Rocky Mountain incised stream

<p>Rising levels of stream degradation have motivated a boom in restoration projects across the globe. However, post-restoration monitoring is still frequently lacking and does not always incorporate biotic responses to changes in the physical template. Beaver mimicry structures (BMS) are becoming a popular tool to restore degraded streams throughout the American West, but relatively little is known about how these installations influence both biotic and abiotic factors, with consequences for ecosystem functioning. We monitored basal resources, organic and inorganic material standing stocks, and macroinvertebrate density, biomass, and production to quantify functional responses to BMS installation. We compared conditions at BMS sites to naturally occurring beaver dam and reference riffle sites in a low-gradient stream in southwest Montana, USA. Thermal ranges were contracted, and daily maximum temperatures were higher, in the BMS treatment compared to the reference riffle treatment. Fine sediment standing stock and basal resources were similar in beaver and BMS treatments, and both treatments were higher than reference riffles. All treatments differed in macroinvertebrate density, which was highest in the Beaver treatment, followed by Mimic and then Reference treatment. Biomass and secondary production were higher in Beaver and BMS treatments compared to the Reference treatment, but only Beaver and Reference treatments differed significantly, likely due to differences in physical habitat and basal resource availability. Consequently, production of collector-gatherers in the BMS treatment and shredders in the beaver treatment was higher than in reference riffles. Changes to local hydrology and sediment dynamics resulting from BMS influence biotic functional responses like organic material standing stock and secondary production, creating habitat and ecosystem function distinct from riffles and similar to target conditions of natural beaver dams. To continue to improve BMS as a standard restoration practice, future research could consider the extent of degradation, increasing temporal scale of monitoring. alterations to aquatic-terrestrial subsidies and impacts to fishes.</p>

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Fig. 3 in Expanded morphological definition and molecular phylogenetic position of the Tam Dao mountain stream keelback Opisthotropis tamdaoensis (Squamata: Natricidae) from Vietnam

Fig. 3. Drawings showing the head scalation in Opisthotropis tamdaoensis. (A) Male holotype after Ziegler et al. (2008), with the additional scale below the eye earmarked. (B) Female IEBR A.1016.33. (C) Male ZFMK 100000) compared to O. lateralis (D: Male IEBR 3645). Supralabials are numbered to show the differences between the new series of O. tamdaoensis (B, C) and O. lateralis (D). Drawings: T. Ziegler

Fig. 1 in Expanded morphological definition and molecular phylogenetic position of the Tam Dao mountain stream keelback Opisthotropis tamdaoensis (Squamata: Natricidae) from Vietnam

Fig. 1. Head portraits of the new series of Opisthotropis tamdaoensis in preserved state, showing the head scalation and the insertion of the black lateral stripe in the midst of the dark dorsal colouration. (A) Female IEBR A.2016.33. (B) Male ZFMK 100000. (C) Female IEBR A.2016.32. (D) Female MHNG 2767.60. Photos: T. Ziegler

FIGURE 5 in Cambarus ectopistes sp. nov., a new stream-dwelling crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the French Broad, Pigeon, and Nolichucky River watersheds in the Appalachian Mountain region of North Carolina and Tennessee, USA

FIGURE 5. Live color of A) adult male and B) adult female C. ectopistes sp. nov. from the Pigeon River, NC. Photos by Michael Perkins and W.T. Russ (North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission).

FIGURE 6 in Cambarus ectopistes sp. nov., a new stream-dwelling crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the French Broad, Pigeon, and Nolichucky River watersheds in the Appalachian Mountain region of North Carolina and Tennessee, USA

FIGURE 6. Maps (A. relief, B. HUC 10 boundaries) showing the distribution of C. ectopistes sp. nov. in the Pigeon River (PR), French Broad River (FB), Nolichucky River (NOL), and Cane River (CANE) systems. * Denotes the sampling locality on Paint Creek, Tennessee.

FIGURE 3 in Cambarus ectopistes sp. nov., a new stream-dwelling crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the French Broad, Pigeon, and Nolichucky River watersheds in the Appalachian Mountain region of North Carolina and Tennessee, USA

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic representation of the IQTREE-estimated maximum likelihood tree of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). A dotted box encompasses the clade representing Cambarus ectopistes sp. nov., whereas a solid grey box encompasses the clade we consider to represent Cambarus robustus s.s. Bootstrap values of 50 or greater are shown at associated nodes.

FIGURE 2 in Cambarus ectopistes sp. nov., a new stream-dwelling crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the French Broad, Pigeon, and Nolichucky River watersheds in the Appalachian Mountain region of North Carolina and Tennessee, USA

FIGURE 2. Two-dimensional non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot showing differences in morphological characters between C. ectopistes sp. nov. (n = 36) and C. robustus s.s. (n = 16) (stress = 0.0686, linear fit R2 = 0.988.) Vectors reflect the strength of correlation of each of eight significant characters in relation to the NMDS axes. Length (L), width (W), depth (D), total carapace length (TCL), carapace width (CW).

FIGURE 4 in Cambarus ectopistes sp. nov., a new stream-dwelling crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the French Broad, Pigeon, and Nolichucky River watersheds in the Appalachian Mountain region of North Carolina and Tennessee, USA

FIGURE 4. Cambarus ectopistes sp. nov.: (A) lateral cephalothorax; (B) dorsal cephalothorax; (C) epistome; (D) antennal scale; (E) dorsal right chela; (F) mesial form I gonopod; (G) lateral form I gonopod; (H) annulus ventralis; (I) mesial form II gonopod; (J) lateral form II gonopod. A–G from holotype (NCSM 90193); H from allotype (NCSM 90194); and I–J from morphotype (NCSM 90195).

FIGURE 1 in Cambarus ectopistes sp. nov., a new stream-dwelling crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the French Broad, Pigeon, and Nolichucky River watersheds in the Appalachian Mountain region of North Carolina and Tennessee, USA

FIGURE 1. Map showing localities of all specimens examined for this study, including newly sampled material and individuals in the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences (NCSM) Non-molluscan Invertebrates Collection originally identified as Cambarus robustus, C. cf. robustus, or C. (Puncticambarus) sp.

FIGURE 8 in Cambarus ectopistes sp. nov., a new stream-dwelling crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the French Broad, Pigeon, and Nolichucky River watersheds in the Appalachian Mountain region of North Carolina and Tennessee, USA

FIGURE 8. Intraspecific variation in C. ectopistes sp. nov. occurs most notably in the shape of the rostrum. A, Nolichucky and Cane Rivers; B, French Broad and Pigeon Rivers.

Fig. 4 in Expanded morphological definition and molecular phylogenetic position of the Tam Dao mountain stream keelback Opisthotropis tamdaoensis (Squamata: Natricidae) from Vietnam

Fig. 4. Lateral views of two of the newly collected Opisthotropis lateralis in life. (A) Male ZFMK 100805. (B) Juvenile ZFMK 100806; the characteristic black lateral stripe that sharply separates the dark dorsal colouration from the light venter is well discernible. Photos: T. Ziegler

Fig. 2 in Expanded morphological definition and molecular phylogenetic position of the Tam Dao mountain stream keelback Opisthotropis tamdaoensis (Squamata: Natricidae) from Vietnam

Fig. 2. Characteristic feature of Opisthotropis tamdaoensis: the black lateral stripe in the midst of the dark dorsal colouration. (A) Male ZFMK 100000 (left), and female IEBR A.1016.32 (right) in preserved state. (B) Detail of the body side of the female IEBR A.1016.33 in preserved state. Photos: T. Ziegler

Fig. 5 in Expanded morphological definition and molecular phylogenetic position of the Tam Dao mountain stream keelback Opisthotropis tamdaoensis (Squamata: Natricidae) from Vietnam

Fig. 5. Combined Bayesian phylogram based on a partial cytochrome b fragment. Numbers above and under branches are MP/combined ML/partitioned ML bootstrap values and combined/partitioned Bayesian posterior probabilities (>50%), respectively. Hyphen and asterisk denote <50% and 100% values, respectively.

FIGURE 7 in Morphological and molecular review of Jacob's Mountain Stream Keelback Opisthotropis jacobi Angel & Bourret, 1933 (Squamata: Natricidae) with description of a sibling species from northern Vietnam

FIGURE 7. Everted hemipenes of the holotype (IEBR 4326) of Opisthotropis voquyi sp. nov.: A) Sulcal view, and B) asulcal view of the fully everted left hemipenis. Photos: T. Ziegler.

FIGURE 3 in Morphological and molecular review of Jacob's Mountain Stream Keelback Opisthotropis jacobi Angel & Bourret, 1933 (Squamata: Natricidae) with description of a sibling species from northern Vietnam

FIGURE 3. The new collection of Opisthotrophis jacobi in A) dorsal and B) ventral view. From left to right: IEBR 4329, ZFMK 100818 from Tam Dao, Vinh Phuc Province, and IEBR 2910 from Sa Pa, Lao Cai Province. Photos: T. Ziegler.

FIGURE 10 in Morphological and molecular review of Jacob's Mountain Stream Keelback Opisthotropis jacobi Angel & Bourret, 1933 (Squamata: Natricidae) with description of a sibling species from northern Vietnam

FIGURE 10. Preserved paratype series of Opisthotropis voquyi sp. nov. (except for desiccated specimen VNMN 06315) in A) dorsal and B) ventral views. Photos: T. Ziegler.

FIGURE 2 in Morphological and molecular review of Jacob's Mountain Stream Keelback Opisthotropis jacobi Angel & Bourret, 1933 (Squamata: Natricidae) with description of a sibling species from northern Vietnam

FIGURE 2. Drawing of the head of Opisthotrophis jacobi (ZFMK 100818) from Tam Dao, Vinh Phuc Province. Drawing: T. Ziegler.