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2,875 results for “neonate”
Heterozygosity–fitness correlations reveal inbreeding depression in neonatal body size in a critically endangered rock iguana
Inbreeding depression, though challenging to identify in nature, may play an important role in regulating the dynamics of small and isolated populations. Conversely, greater expression of genetic load can enhance opportunities for natural selection. Conditional expression concentrates these opportunities for selection and may lead to failure of detection. This study investigates the possibility for age-dependent expression of inbreeding depression in a critically endangered population of rock iguanas, Cyclura nubila caymanensis. We employ heterozygote-fitness correlations to examine the contributions of individual genetic factors to body size, a fitness-related trait. Nonsignificant reductions in homozygosity (up to 7%) were detected between neonates and individuals surviving past their first year, which may reflect natural absorption of inbreeding effects by this small, fecund population. The majority of variation in neonate body size was attributed to maternal or environmental effects (i.e., clutch identity and incubation length); however, heterozygosity across 22 microsatellite loci also contributed significantly and positively to model predictions. Conversely, effects of heterozygosity on fitness were not detectable when adults were examined, suggesting that inbreeding depression in body size may be age dependent in this taxon. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of taking holistic, cross-generational approaches to genetic monitoring of endangered populations.
Movement patterns and activity levels are shaped by the neonatal environment in Antarctic fur seal pups
<p>All data for the article "Movement patterns and activity levels are shaped by the neonatal environment in Antarctic fur seal pups", published in Scientific Reports.</p> <p>Both the raw data (csv files labelled with individual ID) and the collated data (allData.csv, data5min.csv, furSeals_finalData.csv) are provided. Please see the “README.txt” file for more information on what each raw data file contains. The RMarkddown.pdf includes all code used in the manuscript. If you have any further questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me (Rebecca Nagel) at renagel2@gmail.com.</p>
Data from: The hatching mechanism of 130-million-year-old insects: an association of neonates, egg shells and egg bursters in Lebanese amber
Hatching is a pivotal moment in the life of most animals. Diverse chemical, behavioural and mechanical methods have evolved in metazoans to break the egg membranes. Among them, many arthropod and vertebrate embryos hatch using ephemeral, frequently convergent structures known as egg bursters. However, the evolutionary processes by which hatching mechanisms and related embryonic structures became established in deep time are poorly understood due to a nearly complete absence from the fossil record. Herein we describe an exceptional c. 130‐million‐year‐old association in Lebanese amber composed of multiple neonate green lacewing larvae, Tragichrysa ovoruptora gen. et sp. nov. (Neuroptera, Chrysopoidea), and conspecific egg remains. Egg bursters with a serrated blade bearing a short process are attached to three longitudinally split egg shells. Embryos of extant green lacewing relatives (Chrysopidae) utilize this egg burster morphotype to open a vertical slit on the egg, after which the burster is moulted and left joined to the empty egg shell. Additionally, the new larval species has extremely elongate dorsal tubercles, an adaptation to carry exogenous debris for protection and camouflage also known from other Cretaceous chrysopoids but absent in modern relatives. The present discovery demonstrates that the hatching mechanism of modern green lacewings was established in the chrysopoid lineage by the Early Cretaceous and proves through direct fossil evidence how some morphological traits related to hatching and linked behaviours, at least in insect embryos, have been subject to a high degree of evolutionary conservatism.
Neonatal brain dynamic functional connectivity: impact of preterm birth and association with early childhood neurodevelopment (data)
<p>Neonatal brain dynamic functional connectivity: impact of preterm birth and association with early childhood neurodevelopment</p>
Low-dose biliatresone treatment of pregnant mice causes subclinical biliary disease in their offspring: Evidence for a spectrum of neonatal injury
<p>Biliary atresia is a neonatal disease characterized by damage, inflammation, and fibrosis of the liver and bile ducts and by abnormal bile metabolism. It likely results from a prenatal environmental exposure that spares the mother and affects the fetus. Our aim was to develop a model of fetal injury by exposing pregnant mice to low-dose biliatresone, a plant toxin implicated in biliary atresia in livestock, and then to determine whether there was a hepatobiliary phenotype in their pups.<strong> </strong>Pregnant mice were treated orally with 15 mg/kg/d biliatresone for 2 days. Histology of the liver and bile ducts, serum bile acids, and liver immune cells of pups from treated mothers were analyzed at P5 and P21. Pups had no evidence of histological liver or bile duct injury or fibrosis at either timepoint. In addition, growth was normal. However, serum levels of glycocholic acid were elevated at P5, suggesting altered bile metabolism, and the serum bile acid profile became increasingly abnormal through P21, with enhanced glycine conjugation of bile acids. There was also immune cell activation observed in the liver at P21. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to low doses of an environmental toxin can cause subclinical disease including liver inflammation and aberrant bile metabolism even in the absence of histological changes. This finding suggests a wide potential spectrum of disease after fetal biliary injury.</p>
Calcium dynamics upon heating in murine neonatal cardiomyocytes transduced with truncated human TRPV1(−109 a.a.) and the localization of TRPV1 in these cells
<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The expression of truncated human TRPV1(−109 a.a.) in cardiomyocytes allowed us to induce action potentials (APs) by pulse irradiation with an infrared (IR) diode laser. We studied the calcium dynamics in these cells (Ca_TRPV.zip image set). Murine cardiomyocytes were transducted by AAV-based vectors bearing construction of TRPV1(−109 a.a.) with mRuby (for expression detection) and vectors bearing GCaMP6s calcium sensor. Cardiomyocytes were heated by IR laser with a repetition rate of 2 Hz and 30 ms pulse width in a calcium-free medium.<br>To explain the observed calcium dynamics, we also studied the subcellular localization of human TRPV1 in Murine cardiomyocytes ER_a-flag_100x_param1_Z-stack002.nd2</p> <h3>Primary cell production and transformation</h3> <p>Experiments were carried out using C57Bl/6J mice (The Jackson Laboratory, #000664, RRID: IMSR_JAX:000664). The mixed mouse primary neonatal cardiomyocyte cell culture was obtained using a neonatal heart dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-098-373) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The cells were cultured in DMEM/F12, 1:1 mixture (BioloT, 1.3.7.2.) supplemented with 10% FBS, penicillin 100 U/ml /streptomycin 100 mg/ml, and L-glutamine 0.365 g/l. The culture was seeded on 10mm coverslips coated with 10 mg/ml gelatin diluted in PBS and maintained at 37℃ in 5% CO2. For transient expression of the hTRPV1 channel, a reporter protein, and a fluorescent Ca2+ sensor GCaMP6s, we used AAV-based vectors with the encoded genes above. We used the AAV-DJ serotype at a MOI of 12,000 VG/cells for cTnT_hTRPV1(sh)_P2A_mRuby based viruses, and a MOI of 2,500 VG/cells for cTnT_GCaMP6s ones. The cells were infected on the next day after plating, and the transgene expression peak was observed on the third day after the infection.</p> <h3>Distant heating system</h3> <p>The system was equipped with a fiber coupled laser diode (LD) 4PN-117 (SemiNex) as a powerful heating laser, providing radiation at a wavelength of 1375 nm with an average power of up to 4.3 W through a multimode fiber with a core diameter of 105 μm and 0.22NA. The LD was mounted onto a TEC-controlled plate “264 TEC HP LaserMount” (A.I.), which was operated by TEC driver TECSource 5305 (A.I.); current stabilization and control for LD were performed with LD driver LaserSource 4320 (A.I.). The laser was controlled via the TTL output from the HEKA EPC-10 amplifier. Different laser intensities and pulse widths were used. Laser power, P, can be computed from trigger voltage, U, by an equation: P [W] = -0.28 + 1.42 * U [V].</p> <p>Intracellular calcium recordings of single cardiac cells<br>Neonatal cardiomyocyte cells transduced with GCaMP6s sensor were viewed and acquired under a water immersion Olympus LUMPLFLN40×W objective with 40X magnification. Data acquisition was performed at 20 fps using a Scientifica SliceScopePro 2000 microscope (Scientifica, UK) equipped with a Hamamatsu Orca Flash 4.0 CMOS monochrome digital camera (Hamamatsu Photonics) connected to a PC running the free software uManager. A CoolLED pE-300ultra was used as a light source. It was synchronized with the laser heating system via BNC-TTL output from the Heka Elektronik EPC 10 USB Patch Clamp Amplifier. To synchronize the pacing and the GCamp6s signal registration, the light source was switched off for one acquisition cycle at the beginning of the pacing. The GCamp6s signal was analyzed using Fiji software.</p> <h3><br>TRPV1 channel localization</h3> <p>To understand the localization of the expressed TRPV1 channels in neonatal mice cardiomyocytes, we utilized cells infected with AAV-PHP.S serotype viruses with pAAV_cTnT_hTRPV1_P2A_FLAG-tag at a MOI of 2500 VG/cells. To visualize endoplasmic reticulum, we stained the live cells with ER-Tracker™ Red (BODIPY™ TR Glibenclamide, Thermo Fisher Scientific, E34250) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. After the staining with ER-tracker, cardiomyocytes were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, 158127-100G) for 5 minutes at room temperature and washed trice with 0.3% Tween 20 (Sigma-Aldrich, P1379-250ML) diluted in PBS (5 minutes each). The fixed cells then were blocked with PBS containing 0.12% tween 20, 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA, PanEko, 68100.10г), and 10% goat serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 16210072) for 40 minutes at room temperature. After the buffer removal, the cardiomyocytes were labeled with of DYKDDDDK Tag Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (8H8L17, Invitrogen, MA1-142-A488) at 1:500 dilution in 1% BSA, 10% goat serum, and 89% PBS for 2 hours at room temperature. The samples were washed three times with PBS after the incubations. Then, the cells were stained with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody Alexa Fluor™ 488 (Invitrogen, A-11008) at dilution 1:500 for 1 hour at room temperature. The removal of non-conjugated antibodies was performed in parallel with cell nuclei staining. The cells were incubated with PBS supplemented with 2 μg/ml DAPI (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-111-570) for 15 minutes at room temperature. For further experiments, glasses with the labeled cells were placed onto the Superfrost Plus adhesion slides (Epredia, EPBRSF41296SP) in 20 µl VECTASHIELD Vibrance Antifade Mounting Media (Vector Laboratories, H-1700-2) and stored at +4℃ in the dark.<br>The samples were analyzed using an inverted Nikon A1 confocal microscope and visualized using Nikon NIS-Elements software. We pictured the sample in each channel individually exciting DAPI, DYKDDDDK Tag-Alexa Fluor 488, and ER-tracker by laser lines 405 nm, 488 nm and 561 nm, respectively. Colocolization analysis was performed using ImageJ software.</p>
Tracheal length in intubated neonates - Supplemental Figures
<p>Supplemental graphs to manuscript on Tracheal length in intubated neonates.</p> <p>S1: Histogram showing frequency distribution of the carina level</p> <p>S2: Mid-tracheal length as a function of carina to mid-T1 distance</p> <p> </p>
Maternal Glycemic Dysregulation During Pregnancy and Neonatal Blood DNA Methylation: Meta-analyses of Epigenome-Wide Association Studies
<p>Maternal glycemic dysregulation during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse health outcomes in her offspring, a risk thought to be linearly related to maternal hyperglycemia. It is hypothesized that changes in offspring DNA methylation (DNAm) underline these associations. To address this hypothesis, we conducted fixed-effects meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) results from eight birth cohorts investigating relationships between cord blood DNAm and fetal exposure to maternal glucose (Nmaximum= 3,503), insulin (Nmaximum= 2,062), and area under the curve of glucose (AUCgluc) following oral glucose tolerance tests (Nmaximum = 1,505). Inflation and bias was addressed with the bacon Bioconductor package for individual cohorts and the meta-analysis results and reported model estimates and standard errors are adjusted. Greater maternal AUCgluc during pregnancy was associated with lower cord blood DNAm at neighboring CpGs cg26974062 and cg02988288 in TXNIP. Follow-up analyses show that these changes may have functional and later-life consequences and warrant further mediation and causal analysis. </p> <p>The corresponding paper can be found here: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1701.</p> <p>Upload of this dataset was completed by The EWAS Catalog team. The data can be queried along with hundreds of other EWAS at ewascatalog.org. To upload your EWAS summary statistics and have a Zenodo DOI generated for you go to ewascatalog.org/upload.</p>
Antenatal depression: Associations with birth and neonatal outcomes among women attending maternity care in Harare, Zimbabwe
<p>This is a dataset used to describe the results in a manuscript submitted to PLoS ONE</p>
Data for "Health of neonates born in the maternity hospital in Bern, Switzerland, 1880-1900 and 1914-1922"
<p>Datasets underlying the analysis of the paper: "Health of neonates born in the maternity hospital in Bern, Switzerland, 1880-1900 and 1914-1922"</p> <p>This upload includes the following two data sets:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Bern_birth.csv</strong> : data from the maternity hospital in Bern for the years 1880- 1900 and 1914-1922 <ul> <li>Year: Year of birth </li> <li>Insurance: 1=yes, 0=no</li> <li>matage: Age of mother</li> <li>married: woman is married yes or no</li> <li>parity: number of parities</li> <li>gest: gestational age</li> <li>birthday2: birthday of newborn</li> <li>Grippe: flu 1=yes</li> <li>weight: birth weight of newborn</li> <li>city: 1=urban, 0=rural</li> <li>Month: birth month of newborn</li> <li>boy: 1= male, 0=femal</li> <li>stillborn: 1=yes, 0=no</li> <li>multiple: multiple births 1=yes, 0=no</li> <li>matheight2: 1=small, 2=medium, 3=tall</li> <li>matbody2: 1=grazil, 2=medium, 3=strong</li> <li>malnutrition2: 1=yes, 0=no</li> <li>occupation: german description of women's occupations</li> <li>occupation2: groups of occupations, 1= farm worker, 2=Maid, 3= Worker, 4=Housewife, 5/6/7=other</li> <li>agemenarche: age of first menstruation</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Flu_Bern.csv</strong> : Weekly recorded flu numbers for the canton of Bern <ul> <li>Year: Year of influenca</li> <li>week: week of influenca</li> <li>KW: calender week</li> <li>Canton: Number of influenca cases in canton of Bern</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Does artificial feeding impact neonate growth rates in a large free-ranging mammal?
<p>Variation and disparity in resource access between individuals in an animal population require attention within human-dominated landscapes where artificial selection processes may be at work. Independent, recreational human-wildlife feeding interactions constitute an increasingly prevalent yet understudied food resource for birds and mammals living in our cities, but only a limited number of risk-taking individuals may access it. Using urban fallow deer as our model species, we hypothesised that if these interactions result in positive effects for the engaging individual, e.g. increased milk quality and yield, then this would result in the increased growth rates of their offspring. Alternatively, if these individuals were prioritising investing time in engagement with humans, resulting in decreased maternal care, then this would result in slower growth rates in offspring. We found that the offspring of those females that regularly interacted with humans displayed significantly faster growth rates than the risk-avoider counterparts. This advantage for fearless mothers in terms of boosted neonatal growth rates could be mirrored in birds accessing garden feeders, seagulls or pigeons utilizing urban resources, or seals approaching city harbours. Here, we add a new piece to the complex puzzle of how humans are manipulating wildlife living within human-dominated landscapes.</p>
The mRNA expression changes in neonatal primary mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes treated with epirubicin (2uM)
<p>Epirubicin (EPI) is effective in the treatment of malignant cancers, but its application is limited by life-threatening cardiotoxicity. Iron homeostasis disturbance has been implicated in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC), and ferroptosis is involved in AIC which is dependent upon intracellular iron. However, the role and exact mechanisms of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (EIC) remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate mechanisms underlying ferroptosis-driven EIC. Epirubicin triggered ferroptosis both <em>in vivo</em> and in cultured cardiomyocytes, and pretreatment with ferroptosis inhibitor, Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1) alleviates EIC. Microarray analysis was performed to screen for potential molecules involved in EIC in neonatal primary mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVMs). We found that the transcript level of ATP6V0A2, a subunit of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), was significantly downregulated when NMVMs were subjected to EPI, which was verified <em>in vivo </em>and <em>in vitro</em> as measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting. Intriguingly, overexpression of ATP6V0A2 effectively decreased excessive oxidative stress and lipid-peroxidation accumulation, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and protecting cardiomyocytes against EIC, as evidenced by functional, enzymatic, and morphological changes. Mechanistically, forced expression of ATP6V0A2 restored lysosomal acidification in EPI-treated cardiomyocytes and protected cardiomyocytes and mice hearts from ferroptosis-driven EIC. In this study, our data elucidate that ferroptosis is involved in EIC, which is ignited by ATP6V0A2-dependent lysosomal acidification dysfunction. Our study provides a new potential therapeutic target for ameliorating EIC.</p>
Fig. 4 in Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups
Fig. 4. Mass-specific surface area of the gills of different potamotrygonid embryos.
Figure 7 in Some morphological characteristics and neonatal weights of reintroduced gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Turkey
Figure 7. An adult male gazelle.
Figure 6. A in Some morphological characteristics and neonatal weights of reintroduced gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Turkey
Figure 6. A calf caught for weighing.
Figure 3. A in Some morphological characteristics and neonatal weights of reintroduced gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Turkey
Figure 3. A female gazelle prepared for measurement.
Figure 1 in Some morphological characteristics and neonatal weights of reintroduced gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Turkey
Figure 1. Kızılkuyu Wildlife Reserve Area.
Figure 5. A in Some morphological characteristics and neonatal weights of reintroduced gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Turkey
Figure 5. A newborn calf hidden in the field.
Figure 2 in Some morphological characteristics and neonatal weights of reintroduced gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Turkey
Figure 2. Trap system for catching the gazelles.
Figure 4. A in Some morphological characteristics and neonatal weights of reintroduced gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Turkey
Figure 4. A newborn calf and its mother.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.