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Table 2 in Of turtles and trees: Nutritional analysis of tree heliotrope (Heliotropium foertherianum) leaves consumed by green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Hawaiʻi
<p>Table 2. Comparison of nutritional content of senescent leaves of Heliotropium foertherianum and some other foods reported in Hawaiian green turtle diets. C:N = carbon:nitrogen ratio. Values are mean values. Carbon, nitrogen, protein, fat, and lignin values are based on dry weight of the plant material. Energy values are based on ash-free dry weight. NM = not measured.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b>% H</b> <b>2</b> <b>O content</b></th><th><b>% Nitrogen C:N</b></th><th><b>% Crude Protein</b></th><th><b>% Fat</b></th><th><b>% Lignin</b></th><th><b>Energy, Kcal/kg Source</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>H. foertherianum,</i> senescent leaves, seasons combined</th><td>87.9</td><td>0.645</td><td>47.5</td><td>5.45</td><td>2.22</td><td>13.76</td><td>4603</td><td>This paper</td></tr><tr><th><i>Ahnfeltiopsis concinna</i> thalli</th><td>68.0</td><td>1.7</td><td>21.5</td><td>10.8</td><td>1.9</td><td>0.62</td><td>2846</td><td>McDermid et al. 2007, 2015</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pterocladiella capillacea</i> thalli</th><td>77.8</td><td>2.7</td><td>14.2</td><td>16.9</td><td>2.3</td><td>3.7</td><td>3220</td><td>McDermid et al. 2007, 2015</td></tr><tr><th><i>Paspalum vaginatum</i> leaves</th><td>77.5</td><td>2.2</td><td>23.2</td><td>17.2</td><td>NM</td><td>11.5</td><td>4006</td><td>McDermid et al. 2015</td></tr><tr><th><i>Halophila hawaiiana</i> leaves</th><td>90.3</td><td>2.3</td><td>NM</td><td>14.4</td><td>3.8</td><td>NM</td><td>1696</td><td>McDermid et al. 2007</td></tr></tbody></table>
Larval nutrition impacts survival to adulthood, body size, and the allometric scaling of metabolic rate in adult honeybees
<p>Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a fundamental physiological measure linked to numerous aspects of organismal function, including lifespan. Although dietary restriction in insects during larval growth/development affects adult RMR, the impact of larval diet <i>quality</i> on adult RMR has not been studied. Using <i>in vitro</i> rearing to control larval diet quality, we determined the effect of dietary protein and carbohydrate on honeybee survival-to-adulthood, time-to-eclosion, body mass/size and adult RMR. High carbohydrate larval diets increased survival-to-adulthood and time-to-eclosion compared to both low carbohydrate and high protein diets. Upon emergence, bees reared on the high protein diet were smaller and lighter than those reared on other diets, whilst those raised on the high carbohydrate diet varied more in body mass. Newly emerged adult bees' reared on the high carbohydrate diet showed a significantly steeper increase in allometric scaling of RMR compared to those reared on other diets. This suggests that diet quality influences survival-to-adulthood, time-to-eclosion, and the allometric scaling of RMR. Given that agricultural intensification and increasing urbanisation have led to a decrease in both forage availability and dietary diversity for bees, our results are critical to improving understanding of the impacts of poor developmental nutrition on bee growth/development and physiology.</p>
Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images (a, c, d) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images (b, e) of fruits and seeds of Serialis antiqua (a, b) and Serialis parva (c–e); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Serialis antiqua lateral view of fruit showing smooth partly abraded fruit wall (a) and longitudinal section (b, SRXTM orthoslice yz0862) showing six closely adhering seeds, some of which are mature with well-preserved nutritive tissue; c–e) Serialis parva lateral view of fruit showing faint ribs (c), finely pitted seed surface with undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (d), and transverse section showing two closely adhering seeds (SRXTM orthoslice xy0913, e). Specimens, TV43-S174480 (a, b), TV43-S170076 (c), TV43-S170079 (d), TV43-S174477 (e). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c, e), 50 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images (a, c, d) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images (b, e) of fruits and seeds of Serialis antiqua (a, b) and Serialis parva (c–e); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Serialis antiqua lateral view of fruit showing smooth partly abraded fruit wall (a) and longitudinal section (b, SRXTM orthoslice yz0862) showing six closely adhering seeds, some of which are mature with well-preserved nutritive tissue; c–e) Serialis parva lateral view of fruit showing faint ribs (c), finely pitted seed surface with undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (d), and transverse section showing two closely adhering seeds (SRXTM orthoslice xy0913, e). Specimens, TV43-S174480 (a, b), TV43-S170076 (c), TV43-S170079 (d), TV43-S174477 (e). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c, e), 50 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 1. Gastonispermum portugallicum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). Note remains of mounting media on several seeds (¤). a) Seed in oblique view showing seed shape, the slightly raised raphal ridge and the position of hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) on the raphal side of the seed (S170218). b, c) Seeds in lateral view (b, S170234; c, S175095). d–f) Holotype (S174820); seed in lateral view (d) and cut volume rendering (e, f) through the median plane of the seed showing palisade-shaped sclerenchyma cells of exotesta and remains of embryo (emb) and surrounding nutritive tissue (e, cut between yz0440-0530; f, cut between slices yz440-480). g) Hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) of seed in (1a) showing the Y-shaped micropylar slit in the outer integument. h) Cut volume rendering through the median plane of the seed (cut at yz0492) showing seed coat mainly composed of palisade-shaped cells of the exotesta (S174435). i) Seed surface showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S175045). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (g); 125 µm (f, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal
Text-fig. 1. Gastonispermum portugallicum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). Note remains of mounting media on several seeds (¤). a) Seed in oblique view showing seed shape, the slightly raised raphal ridge and the position of hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) on the raphal side of the seed (S170218). b, c) Seeds in lateral view (b, S170234; c, S175095). d–f) Holotype (S174820); seed in lateral view (d) and cut volume rendering (e, f) through the median plane of the seed showing palisade-shaped sclerenchyma cells of exotesta and remains of embryo (emb) and surrounding nutritive tissue (e, cut between yz0440-0530; f, cut between slices yz440-480). g) Hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) of seed in (1a) showing the Y-shaped micropylar slit in the outer integument. h) Cut volume rendering through the median plane of the seed (cut at yz0492) showing seed coat mainly composed of palisade-shaped cells of the exotesta (S174435). i) Seed surface showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S175045). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (g); 125 µm (f, i).
Text-fig. 6. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (a, b, d, e: sample 141, c: sample 300); Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0563) through the median plane of the seed (holotype, S174178) showing the palisade-shaped cells of exotesta and collapsed inner parts of seed coat, raised exotestal tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and remains of cellular nutritive tissue. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0659) through the micropylar region perpendicular to the median plane showing the exotestal tissue surrounding the transverse micropyle slit (mi). c) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0500) through the median plane of the seed (S175095) showing raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and poorly preserved cells of the seed coat. d) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0810) through middle part of seed perpendicular to the median plane (S174178) showing seed coat and remains of cellular nutritive tissue. e) Tangential and longitudinal orthoslice (xz0162) through the seed coat of holotype (S174178) showing thickened, undulate cell walls of exotesta (ex) and the short, thin-walled cells of tegmen (te) with a finely striate wrinkled surface. Scale bars = 250 µm (a, c, d); 125 µm (b, e). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal
Text-fig. 6. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (a, b, d, e: sample 141, c: sample 300); Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0563) through the median plane of the seed (holotype, S174178) showing the palisade-shaped cells of exotesta and collapsed inner parts of seed coat, raised exotestal tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and remains of cellular nutritive tissue. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0659) through the micropylar region perpendicular to the median plane showing the exotestal tissue surrounding the transverse micropyle slit (mi). c) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0500) through the median plane of the seed (S175095) showing raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and poorly preserved cells of the seed coat. d) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0810) through middle part of seed perpendicular to the median plane (S174178) showing seed coat and remains of cellular nutritive tissue. e) Tangential and longitudinal orthoslice (xz0162) through the seed coat of holotype (S174178) showing thickened, undulate cell walls of exotesta (ex) and the short, thin-walled cells of tegmen (te) with a finely striate wrinkled surface. Scale bars = 250 µm (a, c, d); 125 µm (b, e).
Text-fig. 9. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0769) through the median plane of the seed (S174345) showing expanded exotestal cells (ex, arrow head) in the hilar region and well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with an embedded tiny embryo (asterisk markes the margin of the embryo); note well-developed mesotesta (me) on the raphal side of seed. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0750) in the median plane showing detail of micropylar part of seed with well-preserved exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) and tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks mark the margin of the cotyledons); note numerous granular bodies in the cellular nutritive tissue that are probably the remains of protein and lipid bodies. c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0311) through seed below hilum showing the bulging exotesta (arrow heads) (S174472); note that the exotestal cells in this region have thinner walls (arrows). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy0900) through the middle of a seed showing the uneven thickening of the anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (ex), which are thicker towards the outside and very thin towards the inside; note also mesotesta (me) and the well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue (S174472). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 250 µm (b, c). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal
Text-fig. 9. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0769) through the median plane of the seed (S174345) showing expanded exotestal cells (ex, arrow head) in the hilar region and well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with an embedded tiny embryo (asterisk markes the margin of the embryo); note well-developed mesotesta (me) on the raphal side of seed. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0750) in the median plane showing detail of micropylar part of seed with well-preserved exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) and tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks mark the margin of the cotyledons); note numerous granular bodies in the cellular nutritive tissue that are probably the remains of protein and lipid bodies. c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0311) through seed below hilum showing the bulging exotesta (arrow heads) (S174472); note that the exotestal cells in this region have thinner walls (arrows). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy0900) through the middle of a seed showing the uneven thickening of the anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (ex), which are thicker towards the outside and very thin towards the inside; note also mesotesta (me) and the well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue (S174472). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 250 µm (b, c).
Text-fig. 4. Pazlia hilaris gen. et sp. nov. (a, b) from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal (holotype, S175096) and Pazliopsis reyi gen. et sp. nov. (c, d) from the Early Cretaceous Torres Vedras locality (sample 038), Portugal (S174614); Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (xy0984) through the median plane of the seed showing the strongly thickened sclerenchyma under the hilar scar (hi), micropylar slit (mi) and the raphe (ra); note cells of exotesta are almost equally tall on both raphal and anti-raphal sides of the seed and gradually become shorter towards the micropyle. b) Transverse orthoslice (xy0984) through middle of seed showing the thickened cells of the exotesta; note that cells of the exotesta are almost equally tall on both raphal and anti-raphal sides. c) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0812) through apical part of seed in the median plane showing embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks) and surrounding nutritive tissue; note the tiny cells of embryo with central structures we interpret as the fossilized remains of nuclei. d) Detail of (4c) showing tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks); nutritive tissue immediately surrounding the embryo is interpreted as endosperm (endo); whether there is any delimitation between this inner endosperm and the outer part of the nutritive tissues is not clear. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–c); 125 µm (d). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal
Text-fig. 4. Pazlia hilaris gen. et sp. nov. (a, b) from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal (holotype, S175096) and Pazliopsis reyi gen. et sp. nov. (c, d) from the Early Cretaceous Torres Vedras locality (sample 038), Portugal (S174614); Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (xy0984) through the median plane of the seed showing the strongly thickened sclerenchyma under the hilar scar (hi), micropylar slit (mi) and the raphe (ra); note cells of exotesta are almost equally tall on both raphal and anti-raphal sides of the seed and gradually become shorter towards the micropyle. b) Transverse orthoslice (xy0984) through middle of seed showing the thickened cells of the exotesta; note that cells of the exotesta are almost equally tall on both raphal and anti-raphal sides. c) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0812) through apical part of seed in the median plane showing embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks) and surrounding nutritive tissue; note the tiny cells of embryo with central structures we interpret as the fossilized remains of nuclei. d) Detail of (4c) showing tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks); nutritive tissue immediately surrounding the embryo is interpreted as endosperm (endo); whether there is any delimitation between this inner endosperm and the outer part of the nutritive tissues is not clear. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–c); 125 µm (d).
Text-fig. 8. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025) (a, b, d, e), and the Vale de Água locality (sample 333) (c, f, g), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Smaller seed in lateral view showing the bulging region (arrow head) close to hilum (S174467). b) Cut volume rending (cut at yz1032) of seed in (8a) showing the expanded cells of exotesta immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and the well preserved nutritive tissue. c) Small seed in lateral view showing the bulging exotesta (arrow head) close to hilum (S175046). d, e) Larger seed in lateral (d) and raphal (e) view (S174035). f) Detail of seed in (8c) showing the micropylar slit (mi) above the hilum (hi) and bulging exotestal tissue (arrow head) in which the walls of the exotestal cells have straight anticlinal walls. g) Surface of seed in (8c) showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (f); 125 µm (g). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal
Text-fig. 8. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025) (a, b, d, e), and the Vale de Água locality (sample 333) (c, f, g), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Smaller seed in lateral view showing the bulging region (arrow head) close to hilum (S174467). b) Cut volume rending (cut at yz1032) of seed in (8a) showing the expanded cells of exotesta immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (hi), micropyle (mi) and the well preserved nutritive tissue. c) Small seed in lateral view showing the bulging exotesta (arrow head) close to hilum (S175046). d, e) Larger seed in lateral (d) and raphal (e) view (S174035). f) Detail of seed in (8c) showing the micropylar slit (mi) above the hilum (hi) and bulging exotestal tissue (arrow head) in which the walls of the exotestal cells have straight anticlinal walls. g) Surface of seed in (8c) showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (f); 125 µm (g).
FONA corpus: Food & Nutrition Abstracts Multilingual corpus
<p>The FONA corpus is a collection of case reports specifically selected to foster the development of Language Technologies, Text Mining and NLP for applications in the domain of food & nutrition.</p> <p> </p> <p>It contains a large collection of documents (titles and abstracts) with metadata information on their MeSH terms. In addition, a subset of the collection contains automatically recognized entities of the following categories:</p> <ul> <li>medical procedures</li> <li>symptoms</li> <li>diseases</li> <li>medications</li> <li>occupational and demographic information</li> <li>species (pathogens)</li> <li>cancer morphology</li> </ul>
Agronomic, rheological and nutritional phenotypic data of 50 spelt varieties grown at 3 locations in Switzerland during 2 growing seasons (2021-2022)
<p>This dataset contains agronomic, rheological, and nutritional parameters of 50 winter spelt varieties tested during 2 growing seasons (2021-2022) at 3 locations in Switzerland. The dataset has been used to investigate the links between genotype and phenotype of spelt varieties, published in https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-024-03400-8.</p> <p>The field trials were performed under the Swiss Extenso (low input) conditions, conducted by Agroscope and DSP, and under organic conditions, performed by GZPK. </p> <h3>Methods </h3> <p><em>Field trials </em></p> <div>Field trials were set up over the course of two growing seasons – 2020/2021, 2021/2022 – in three sites across the Swiss Central Plateau. The experimental sites were located in Changins (46°19′ N 6°14′ E, 455m a.s.l), Delley (46°55′ N 6°58′ E, 494m a.s.l) and Feldbach (47°14'24.00" N, 8°47'9.60" E, 410m a.s.l.).</div> <div>Each variety was grown in a plot of 7.1 m<sup>2</sup> (1.5 m*4.7 m) in Changins and Delley, and 4.5 m<sup>2</sup> (1.5 m*3 m) in Feldbach. We replicated the experiment three times per location. At each site, we used a complete randomized block design, with plots being randomized within each block. Density of sowing was 180 spikelets/m<sup>2</sup>. Plots were sowed mechanically each autumn. In Changins and Delley, the plots were mechanically fertilized with 100 kg N/ha (ammonium nitrate), applied in two splits (60 at heading stage—40 at flowering stage). In Feldbach, the fields were treated organically, and therefore no synthetic fertilizer was applied.</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div><em>Agronomic and morphological characteristics </em></div> <div> <p>For each plot, we recorded the heading date as the day of the year, in which 50% of the ears of the plot had fully emerged from the flag leaf. Once the plants and ears were fully developed, plant height was measured in each plot, by taking the average height in centimeters from the ground to the top of five random ears, excluding awns.</p> <p>At maturity, we harvested each plot with a combine harvester (Zürn 150, Schontal-Westernhausen, Switzerland). The harvested grains were weighed first, dehusked, sorted and cleaned with a sieve cleaner, and then weighted again. We measured specific weight and water content using a Dickey–John machine (GAC 2100). Grain yield was subsequently standardized to 15% of humidity. Protein content (%) was measured at the plot level with a near-infrared instrument (ProxiMate™, Büchi instruments). Thousand kernel weight (TKW, g), as well as kernel length and width (mm), were measured at the plot level with a Marvin seed analyzer (GTA Sensorik, Neubrandenburg, Germany).</p> <p>Additional measurements in Changins: we computed harvest index for each plot by cutting 30 individual culms just before harvest. Plants were cut just above the ground, oven-dried for 3 days at 80 °C and then weighed. We then threshed, dehusked, sieved and weighed the obtained grains. The harvest index was computed by taking the ratio of grain mass over total mass.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Rheological characteristics </em></p> </div> <div> <p>At all sites, Zeleny sedimentation value (mL) was assessed based on the International Association for Cereal Science and Technology standard method 116/1.The analyses were performed by the analytical laboratory of DSP, Delley, at the variety level for each site—i.e., grains from the three replicates per site were pooled together and subsequently milled.</p> <p>Additional measurements in Changins were done for each variety, based on a pooled sample of the three replicates. Extensograph properties of the obtained dough were assessed according to ICC standard method 114/1; area under curve (energy, cm2), resistance to extension at 5 cm extension (EE), and extensibility of the dough (mm) were measured. The analyses were performed by the accredited laboratory “Versuchsanstalt für Getreideverarbeitung” based in Austria (<a href="https://www.vfg.or.at/">https://www.vfg.or.at/</a>).</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Nutritional characteristics </em></p> </div> <div> </div> <div>We assessed the structure of starch (amylose content) and the fatty acid composition for each variety in Changins. These analyses were done by pooling grains from the three replicates in Changins and milling them. The amylose and amylopectin contents of starch were determined enzymatically via an assay based on the precipitation of amylopectin complexes with the lectin concanavalin A, according to K-Amy 06/18. The fatty acid composition was analyzed by GC-FAME, via in situ transesterification, according to the method of Ampuero Kragten et al. (<a title="Kragten SA, Collomb M, Dubois S, Stoll P (2014) Determination of fatty acid composition in feed: analytical methods. Agrarforschung Schweiz 5(9):330&ndash;337" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10681-024-03400-8#ref-CR36">2014</a>). These analyses were performed at the accredited analytical laboratory of Agroscope, Posieux.</div> <div> </div> <div>Kragten SA, Collomb M, Dubois S, Stoll P (2014) Determination of fatty acid composition in feed: analytical methods. Agrarforschung Schweiz 5(9):330–337</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div><em>DNA extraction & Genotyping </em></div> <div> </div> <div>DNA was extracted from all cultivars, and sent to TraitGenetics (SGS institute Frenius, Gatersleben DE) for SNP genotyping on the 25 K XT Infinium array for wheat.</div> <div> </div> <div> </div>
Supplementary data files for Manzano-Marín et. al. 2022 "Co-obligate symbioses have repeatedly evolved across aphids, but partner identity and nutritional contributions vary across lineages"
<p>The data set consists of four parts:</p> <p>1) "FISH_data":TIF-formatted files or unmerged and merged fluorescent channels of FISH microscopies of <em>Anoecia corni</em> and <em>Sipha maydis</em> embryos.</p> <p>2) "genome_data": GenBank- and FASTA-formatted files of genome assemblies and annotations for <em>Buchnera</em> and co-obligate symbionts.</p> <p>3) "pathway_data": Presence/absence tables of genes/pseudogenes coding for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of essential amino acids and B vitamins in ODS spreadsheets and tab-separated value formats. Also, list of genes and pseudogenes of <em>Buchnera</em> genomes.</p> <p>4) "phylogeny_data": FASTA-formatted nucleotide alignment files, NEXUS-formatted files used for Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction, and resulting trees. For <em>Buchnera</em>, manually-curated orthologous groups of proteins are also included as flat text files. In addition, the files to infer gene losses by maximum parsimony in Count are included in the "Buchnera_count" folder.</p>
Text-fig. 49. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c–e) images of "Foveolate seed sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Lateral view of seed showing foveolate surface; note the slightly pointed hilar-micropylar region with the preservation of a presumed secretion (arrow) from the micropyle; b) Detail of seed surface showing shallow pitting and very faint outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells; c) Longitudinal section (volume rendering cut between orthoslices yz0450 and yz0460) through the middle of the seed showing the slightly pointed hilarmicropylar region and the rounded chalazal region; note the thick exotesta of the outer integument composed of thick-walled palisade-like cells (oi); note partial preservation of large cells of the nutritive tissue (nu) and the smaller cells of the embryo (em) at the micropylar end of the seed; d, e) Longitudinal sections (d, orthoslice xz0750, e, orthoslice yz0485) through middle of the seed perpendicular to each other showing the hilar-micropylar region with the preservation of a presumed secretion from micropyle (e, arrow), thick palisade-like cells of outer integument (oi), larger cells of the nutritive tissue (nu) and remains of the smaller cells of the embryo (em). Specimen, Catefica 49-S172316 (a–e). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c–e), 50 Μm (b). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 49. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c–e) images of "Foveolate seed sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Lateral view of seed showing foveolate surface; note the slightly pointed hilar-micropylar region with the preservation of a presumed secretion (arrow) from the micropyle; b) Detail of seed surface showing shallow pitting and very faint outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells; c) Longitudinal section (volume rendering cut between orthoslices yz0450 and yz0460) through the middle of the seed showing the slightly pointed hilarmicropylar region and the rounded chalazal region; note the thick exotesta of the outer integument composed of thick-walled palisade-like cells (oi); note partial preservation of large cells of the nutritive tissue (nu) and the smaller cells of the embryo (em) at the micropylar end of the seed; d, e) Longitudinal sections (d, orthoslice xz0750, e, orthoslice yz0485) through middle of the seed perpendicular to each other showing the hilar-micropylar region with the preservation of a presumed secretion from micropyle (e, arrow), thick palisade-like cells of outer integument (oi), larger cells of the nutritive tissue (nu) and remains of the smaller cells of the embryo (em). Specimen, Catefica 49-S172316 (a–e). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c–e), 50 Μm (b).
Text-fig. 48. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b, d–i) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c) images of "One-seeded fruit sp. 2" (a–c), "Unassigned, unnamed fruits" (d–f), Pazliopsis sp. (g, h) and "Follicular fruit with exotestal seeds" (i); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Lateral view of fruit showing remains of tepals (te) and a single stamen (st); b) Detail of fruit surface showing short, scale-like, peltate trichomes (arrows); c) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0475) of fruit containing a single seed showing tepals (te) and fruit surface with peltate trichomes (arrow); note partial preservation of internal nutritive tissue; d) Fruit in lateral view showing the almost smooth epidermis with scattered openings; e) Detail of fruit surface from (d) showing the scattered openings in the epidermis interpreted as burst secretory cells (arrows); f) Dorsi-ventral view of tiny fruit with an irregular surface; g) Lateral view of exotestal seed assigned to cf. Pazliopsis sp.; h) Detail of fruit surface of seed in (g) showing faint facets of outer palisade layer with fine jigsaw-puzzle outlines of the anticlinal walls; i) Lateral view of fragmentary follicular fruit showing two exposed exotestal seeds. Specimens, Catefica 153-S174314 (a–c), Catefica 50-S170420 (d, e), Catefica 152-S174300 (f), Catefica 49-S172319 (g, h), Catefica MM158-P0272 (i). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c, d, f, g, i), 100 Μm (e), 50 Μm (b, h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 48. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b, d–i) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c) images of "One-seeded fruit sp. 2" (a–c), "Unassigned, unnamed fruits" (d–f), Pazliopsis sp. (g, h) and "Follicular fruit with exotestal seeds" (i); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Lateral view of fruit showing remains of tepals (te) and a single stamen (st); b) Detail of fruit surface showing short, scale-like, peltate trichomes (arrows); c) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0475) of fruit containing a single seed showing tepals (te) and fruit surface with peltate trichomes (arrow); note partial preservation of internal nutritive tissue; d) Fruit in lateral view showing the almost smooth epidermis with scattered openings; e) Detail of fruit surface from (d) showing the scattered openings in the epidermis interpreted as burst secretory cells (arrows); f) Dorsi-ventral view of tiny fruit with an irregular surface; g) Lateral view of exotestal seed assigned to cf. Pazliopsis sp.; h) Detail of fruit surface of seed in (g) showing faint facets of outer palisade layer with fine jigsaw-puzzle outlines of the anticlinal walls; i) Lateral view of fragmentary follicular fruit showing two exposed exotestal seeds. Specimens, Catefica 153-S174314 (a–c), Catefica 50-S170420 (d, e), Catefica 152-S174300 (f), Catefica 49-S172319 (g, h), Catefica MM158-P0272 (i). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c, d, f, g, i), 100 Μm (e), 50 Μm (b, h).
Text-fig. 6. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, g, h) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, b–f) images of fruits and pollen grains of Canrightiopsis crassitesta (a–c, g, h) and fruit of Canrightiopsis intermedia (d–f); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Dorsal view of fruit showing rim of hypanthium (arrowheads); b) Surface rendering of longitudinal section in the median plane of fruit (cut between orthoslices yz0440-0510) showing the thin fruit wall, thick endotesta of the seed coat (en, dark blue) and the orthotropous, pendent seed with the chalaza (ch) near the fruit apex and the micropyle (mi) at the fruit base; note the tiny embryo (emb) adjacent to the micropyle at the base of the fruit; c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0511) through the seed wall showing the thick, finely crystalliferous endotesta (en) surrounding the nutritive tissue of the seed; d) Surface rendering of fruit in dorsal view showing rim of the hypanthium (arrowheads) and apical stigmatic region (st); e) Surface rendering of longitudinal section of fruit in (d) (cut at orthoslice xz0560) showing the crystalliferous endotesta (en, dark blue) and the inner tissues of the seed; f) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0560) through fruit and seed showing the finely crystalliferous endotesta (en) and thin fruit wall (fr); g, h) Pollen grains from apical region of fruit showing poorly defined margin of the single colpus, reticulate tectum and muri ornamented by minute verrucae. Specimens, Catefica 343-S174311 (a), Catefica 49-S174159 (b, c), Catefica 50-S174905 (d–f), Catefica 342-S122089 (g, h). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b, d, e), 150 Μm (c, f), 6 Μm (g), 3 Μm (h). g, h published with permission from Grana. in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 6. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, g, h) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, b–f) images of fruits and pollen grains of Canrightiopsis crassitesta (a–c, g, h) and fruit of Canrightiopsis intermedia (d–f); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Dorsal view of fruit showing rim of hypanthium (arrowheads); b) Surface rendering of longitudinal section in the median plane of fruit (cut between orthoslices yz0440-0510) showing the thin fruit wall, thick endotesta of the seed coat (en, dark blue) and the orthotropous, pendent seed with the chalaza (ch) near the fruit apex and the micropyle (mi) at the fruit base; note the tiny embryo (emb) adjacent to the micropyle at the base of the fruit; c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0511) through the seed wall showing the thick, finely crystalliferous endotesta (en) surrounding the nutritive tissue of the seed; d) Surface rendering of fruit in dorsal view showing rim of the hypanthium (arrowheads) and apical stigmatic region (st); e) Surface rendering of longitudinal section of fruit in (d) (cut at orthoslice xz0560) showing the crystalliferous endotesta (en, dark blue) and the inner tissues of the seed; f) Longitudinal section (orthoslice xz0560) through fruit and seed showing the finely crystalliferous endotesta (en) and thin fruit wall (fr); g, h) Pollen grains from apical region of fruit showing poorly defined margin of the single colpus, reticulate tectum and muri ornamented by minute verrucae. Specimens, Catefica 343-S174311 (a), Catefica 49-S174159 (b, c), Catefica 50-S174905 (d–f), Catefica 342-S122089 (g, h). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b, d, e), 150 Μm (c, f), 6 Μm (g), 3 Μm (h). g, h published with permission from Grana.
Data analysis of Maamela et al. 2023 The effect of temperature and dietary energy content on female maturation and egg nutritional content in Atlantic salmon
<p>This folder includes the data and R scripts used in the data analysis of the Maamela et al. 2023 paper in Journal of Fish Biology.</p>
Data of Nutrition Knowledge in a Sample of College Students in Jordan
<p>This cross-sectional research assessed nutrition knowledge in a sample of college students in Amman, Jordan and its association with food security and other risk factors. An Arabic Nutrition Knowledge Index (ANKI) was developed and validated in 122 college students (study-1). In study-2, the demographics scale, validated ANKI, and Arabic Individual Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) were administered to 470 students from the same university. </p> <p><strong>Ethical considerations:</strong>This manuscript has been read and approved by all authors. The authors confirm that there are no other persons, who satisfied the criteria for authorship, but are not listed. The order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of them. They also understand that the Corresponding Author is the sole contact for the Editorial process, and holds the responsibility for communicating with the other author about progress, submissions of revisions and final approval of proofs. Moreover, the authors declare that this manuscript is original, has not been published before, and is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere. Furthermore, all data used in the study is confidential and the lead author has full access to the data reported in the manuscript. We confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication, which did not receive any financial support. Finally, the reporting of this work is compliant with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). In addition to that, the protocol of this research is approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan (ref no.: 2021-89).</p> <p> </p>
Data and Codebook for: Post-recovery relapse of children treated with a simplified, combined nutrition treatment protocol in Mali : a prospective cohort study
<p>Data and Codebook to recreate analyses for the study. </p> <p>Abstract: The present study aimed to determine the 6-month incidence of relapse and associated factors among children who recovered following mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) based simplified combined treatment using the ComPAS protocol. A prospective cohort of 420 children who had reached a MUAC ≥125 mm for two consecutive measures was monitored between December 2020 and October 2021. Children were seen at home by study enumerators fortnightly for 6 months. Relapse was defined as developing a MUAC <125 mm or edema. The overall 6-month cumulative incidence of relapse [95%CI] was 26.1% [21.7;30.8] and the incidence rate per 100 child-months was 4.8 [4.0;5.9]. Relapse was similar among children initially admitted to treatment with a MUAC<115mm or oedema and among those with a MUAC≥115mm but <125mm. Relapse was predicted by lower anthropometry both at admission to and discharge from treatment, and higher number of illness episodes per month of follow-up. Having a vaccination card, using an improved water source, having agriculture as the main source of income and increases in caregivers workload during follow-up all protected from relapse. Children discharged recovered following treatment remain at risk of relapsing into acute malnutrition. To achieve reduction in relapse, recovery criteria may need to be revised.</p>
Reciprocal nutritional provisioning between leafcutter ants and their fungal cultivar mediates performance of symbiotic farming systems
<ol> <li>Optimized food acquisition is challenging because foraged diet items are chemically complex and often nutritionally imbalanced. These challenges are likely magnified when foraged foods are used to provision others (e.g., offspring, nestmates, symbionts) with different nutritional requirements.</li> <li>We used a theoretical framework of nutritional niches to study these provisioning challenges in leafcutter ants that cultivate a fungal symbiont with nutrients derived from freshly foraged plant fragments. While the leaf-cutting behaviours of free-ranging foragers are well studied, little is known about how colonies use these plant fragments to produce their fungal crop within underground nest chambers.</li> <li>For instance, gardener ants are known to convert vegetation into a nutritional mulch that they plant on the fungus garden. However, it remains poorly understood how the ants use this mulch to target the specific nutritional needs of their fungal crop, and whether the cultivar signals if provisioned mulch meets its nutritional needs. Towards answers, we performed three experiments to assess the precision and specificity of nutritional regulation in farming systems of the Panamanian leafcutter ant <em>Acromyrmex</em> <em>echinatior</em>.</li> <li>A laboratory feeding experiment with nutritionally defined diets showed that ant farmers collect a specific intake target for protein and carbohydrates and then linked strict protein regulation by foragers to the cultivar's fundamental niche for protein. </li> <li>An in vitro experiment with the fungal cultivar in isolation did not detect a signal of protein stress that could be used by the ants to regulate their provisioning behaviour, but it did identify an elevated fatty acid that may reinforce optimal nutritional provisioning if detected by gardening ants.</li> <li>A feeding experiment with isotopically labelled diets then revealed nutrient-specific and caste-specific allocation timelines, with nitrogen being assimilated into the cultivar's nutritional rewards before being exclusively consumed by developing brood. In turn, these combined results help resolve the integrated behaviours that give rise to resilient leafcutter farming productivity. </li> <li>These results show how nutritional niches can help disentangle reciprocal provisioning dynamics between symbionts while providing a framework to explore the nutritional transactions that mediate symbiotic stability (e.g., sanctioning, screening, policing).</li> </ol>
Data from: Nutrigonometry I: using right-angle triangles to quantify nutritional trade-offs in performance landscapes
<p>Animals regulate their food intake to maximise the expression of fitness traits but are forced to trade-off optimal expression of some fitness traits due to differences in nutrient requirements of each trait ('nutritional trade-offs'). Nutritional trade-offs have been experimentally uncovered using the Geometric Framework for Nutrition (GF). However, current analytical methods to measure such responses rely on either visual inspection or complex models of vector calculations applied to multidimensional performance landscapes, making these approaches subjective, or conceptually difficult, computationally expensive, and in some cases inaccurate. Here, we present a simple trigonometric model to measure nutritional trade-offs in multidimensional landscapes (Nutrigonometry), which relies on the trigonometric relationships of right-angle triangles and thus, is both conceptually and computationally easier to understand and use than previous quantitative approaches. We apply Nutrigonometry to a landmark GF dataset for the comparison of several standard statistical models to assess model performance in finding regions in the performance landscapes. This revealed that polynomial (Bayesian) regressions can be used for precise and accurate predictions of peaks and valleys in performance landscapes, irrespective of the underlying structure of the data (i.e., individual food intakes vs fixed diet ratios). We then identified the known nutritional trade-off between lifespan and reproductive rate both in terms of nutrient balance and concentration for validation of the model. This shows Nutrigonometry enables a fast, reliable, and reproducible quantification of nutritional trade-offs in multidimensional performance landscapes, thereby broadening the potential for future developments in comparative research on the evolution of animal nutrition.</p>
More than mesolectic: Characterizing the nutritional niche of Osmia cornifrons
<p>Characterizing the nutritional needs of wild bee species is an essential step to better understanding bee biology and providing suitable supplemental forage for at-risk species. Here, we aim to characterize the nutritional needs of a model solitary bee species, <em>Osmia cornifrons</em> (Radoszkowski), by using dietary protein-to-lipid ratio (P:L ratio) as a proxy for nutritional niche and niche breadth. We first identified the mean target P:L ratio (~3.02:1) and P:L collection range (0.75 to 6.26:1) from pollen provisions collected across a variety of sites and time points. We then investigated the P:L tolerance range of larvae by rearing bees in vitro on a variety of diets. Multifloral and single-source pollen diets with P:L ratios within the range of surveyed provisions did not always support larval development, indicating that other dietary components such as plant secondary compounds and micronutrients must also be considered in bee nutritional experiments. Finally, we used pollen metabarcoding to identify pollen from whole larval provisions to understand how much pollen bees used from plants outside of their host plant families to meet their nutritional needs, as well as pollen from individual forager bouts, to observe if bees maintained strict floral constancy or visited multiple plant genera per foraging bout. Whole larval provision surveys revealed a surprising range of host plant pollen use, ranging from ~5–70% of host plant pollen per provision. Samples from individual foraging trips contained pollen from multiple genera, suggesting that bees are using some form of foraging decision-making. Overall, these results suggest that <em>O. cornifrons</em> have a wide nutritional niche breadth, but while pollen P:L ratio tolerance is broad, a tolerable P:L ratio alone is not enough to create a quality diet for <em>O. cornifrons</em>, and the plant species that make up these diets must also be carefully considered.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.