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Presettlement tree distributions and forest types of northeast Ohio, USA, mapped with species distribution models
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Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, Reservoir Productivity Assessment Water Chemistry 2006-2007
Limnological data provided represent information collected during 2006–2007 for a total of 153 reservoirs. Some reservoirs were sampled in a single year, others were sampled in both years. Nearly all reservoirs were sampled during July or August near the dam at the deepest part of the reservoir. Additional samples for particular systems were taken in other months and at other sites (i.e., near the inflow). Many samples have complete Secchi transparencies, suspended solids (both total and non-volatile suspended solids), total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a concentrations. Others are missing various parameters; some samples are represented by only a Secchi transparency measurement. Morphometric data and landuse/land cover data are provided for those systems where it had been previously compiled. All 153 reservoirs are represented in the provided lake shapefile whereas only 117 were included in the watershed shapefile. ' Over a 2-year period (2006 and 2007) we sampled 109 reservoirs (all Ohio reservoiurs > 10 ha), located throughout Ohio, USA, whose watersheds contain a variety of land cover types and a wide range of eutrophication levels. All reservoirs were sampled at least once during July or August in 2006 or 2007. … a subset of 34 of these reservoirs were sampled once in both 2006 and 2007. In addition, 10 reservoirs (“reference reservoirs”) were sampled at least once per month during July and August of both 2006 and 2007. Lakes were sampled by Miami personnel and DOW field crews (Districu3, District 4, and District 5).’
Ohio Public Land Survey (PLS) Witness Tree GIS Shapefile
The United States Public Land Survey (PLS) divided land into one square mile units, termed sections. Surveyors used trees to locate section corners and other locations of interest (witness trees). As a result, a systematic ecological dataset was produced with regular sampling over a large region of the United States, beginning in Ohio in 1786 and continuing westward. We digitized and georeferenced archival hand drawn maps of these witness trees for 27 counties in Ohio. This dataset consists of a GIS point shapefile with 11,925 points located at section corners, recording 26,028 trees (up to four trees could be recorded at each corner). We retain species names given on each archival map key, resulting in 70 unique species common names. PLS records were obtained from hand-drawn archival maps of original witness trees produced by researchers at The Ohio State University in the 1960’s. Scans of these maps are archived as “The Edgar Nelson Transeau Ohio Vegetation Survey” at The Ohio State University: http://hdl.handle.net/1811/64106. The 27 counties are: Adams, Allen, Auglaize, Belmont, Brown, Darke, Defiance, Gallia, Guernsey, Hancock, Lawrence, Lucas, Mercer, Miami, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Noble, Ottawa, Paulding, Pike, Putnam, Scioto, Seneca, Shelby, Williams, Wyandot. Coordinate Reference System: North American Datum 1983 (NAD83). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.
Settlement-Era Tree Composition, Ohio: Level 1
Ohio Township Surveys (OTS) provide spatially aggregated witness tree counts within the town/township polygons that were tallied from early land survey records of town outlines and lotting subdivisions. Overall dates ranged from 1623 to 1870, but varied by town and were recorded about the time of first settlement of the town. A myriad of archived sources were tapped from town, state and national repositories, historical societies and private collections. The SetTreeComp_Ohio_Level1_v1.0 database includes records throughout the domain from the Connecticut Western Reserve at the Connecticut State Archives and various records in the Ohio State Archives collated by Charles Cogbill, the collections of the Ohio Biological Survey through the efforts of Ronald Stuckey and the McLachlan lab at Notre Dame University, and records of the Ohio Land Company by James Dyer and the Marietta College Archives. Every effort was used to avoid duplication of trees. The taxa classes were generally genera or unambiguous categories based on the vernacular names used by the surveyors. In several cases (black gum/sweet gum, ironwood, poplar/tulip poplar, cedar/juniper), because of ambiguity in the common tree names used by surveyors, a group represents trees from different families and even orders. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.
Data from: Contextualizing macroecological laws: A big data analysis on electrofishing and allometric scalings in Ohio, USA
We investigated the influence of different electrofishing methods on allometric scaling features of fish assemblages in lotic environments. The ultimate aim was to elucidate to which extent the structure of fish assemblages is predictable by the three-quarter power law theory. Water bodies across the state of Ohio, USA, provided a suitable data set to analyze the size–biomass spectra of 2051 fish assemblages. For the first time, 41,070 allometric field observations were screened according to sampling methods (i.e., longline, tote barge, boat) adopted for sampling collection. Allometric patterns varied considerably in relation with the sampling method, in turn imposed by the local hydrology and morphology of the investigated water courses, as shown by the lowering of scalings from boatable to wadeable systems. There are several lines of evidence indicating that the chosen type of electrofishing acts as a pitfall for size spectra. Using individually weighted body-mass values as independent predictor of spectra we show that the specific sampling methodology required by the physical characteristics of different lotic habitats influence the allometric outcomes, a novel result that makes universality of community power laws not as straightforward as supposed until now.
Data from: Butterfly abundance declines over 20 years of systematic monitoring in Ohio, USA
Severe insect declines make headlines, but they are rarely based on systematic monitoring outside of Europe. We estimate the rate of change in total butterfly abundance and the population trends for 81 species using 21 years of systematic monitoring in Ohio, USA. Total abundance is declining at 2% per year, resulting in a cumulative 33% reduction in butterfly abundance. Three times as many species have negative population trends compared to positive trends. The rate of total decline and the proportion of species in decline mirror those documented in three comparable long-term European monitoring programs. Multiple environmental changes such as climate change, habitat degradation, and agricultural practices may contribute to these declines in Ohio and shift the makeup of the butterfly community by benefiting some species over others. Our analysis of life-history traits associated with population trends shows an impact of climate change, as species with northern distributions and fewer annual generations declined more rapidly. However, even common and invasive species associated with human-dominated landscapes are declining, suggesting widespread environmental causes for these trends. Declines in common species, although they may not be close to extinction, will have an outsized impact on the ecosystem services provided by insects. These results from the most extensive, systematic insect monitoring programs in North America demonstrate an ongoing defaunation in butterflies that on an annual scale might be imperceptible, but cumulatively has reduced butterfly numbers by a third over 20 years.
FIGURE 3 in Crystallaria cincotta, a new species of darter (Teleostei: Percidae) from the Elk River of the Ohio River drainage, West Virginia
FIGURE 3. Sheared PC2 by sheared PC3 scatter plot of Crystallaria asprella from the Gulf Slope (open squares), lower Mississippi River (open triangles), middle Mississippi River (open diamonds), upper Mississippi River (open circles), and Wabash River (plus signs), and Crystallaria cincotta from the Cumberland River (solid triangle), Elk River (solid diamonds), Green River (solid circle), and Muskingum River (solid square).
FIGURE 2. Blattophila peregrinata n in New species of Hammerschmidtiella Chitwood, 1932, and Blattophila Cobb, 1920, and new geographical records for Severianoia annamensis Van Luc & Spiridonov, 1993 (Nematoda: Oxyurida: Thelastomatoidea) from Cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria) in Ohio and Florida, U. S. A.
FIGURE 2. Blattophila peregrinata n. sp. A. Female whole worm. B. Female anterior end. C. Female, en face. D. Female tail, lateral. E. Male worm, lateral. F. Male caudal end, ventral.
FIGURE 1. Hammerschmidtiella keeneyi n in New species of Hammerschmidtiella Chitwood, 1932, and Blattophila Cobb, 1920, and new geographical records for Severianoia annamensis Van Luc & Spiridonov, 1993 (Nematoda: Oxyurida: Thelastomatoidea) from Cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria) in Ohio and Florida, U. S. A.
FIGURE 1. Hammerschmidtiella keeneyi n. sp. A. Female whole worm. B. Female anterior end. C. Female, en face. D. Female tail, lateral. E. Male, whole worm, lateral. F. Male caudal end, ventral.
FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs. Hammerschmidtiella keeneyi n in New species of Hammerschmidtiella Chitwood, 1932, and Blattophila Cobb, 1920, and new geographical records for Severianoia annamensis Van Luc & Spiridonov, 1993 (Nematoda: Oxyurida: Thelastomatoidea) from Cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria) in Ohio and Florida, U. S. A.
FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs. Hammerschmidtiella keeneyi n. sp. A. Female anterior end, lateral. B. Male, tail region, ventral. C, D. En face, female. Blattophila peregrinata n. sp. E. Female, en face. F. Male, lateral view showing lateral alae. G. Eggs in utero. H. Egg showing operculum.
Figure 4 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 4. Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. (MCZ 13277). A, skull roof in internal view. Scale bar: 10 cm. B, parasphenoid in ventral view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 9. A in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 9. A, strict consensus tree based on 98 characters and 23 taxa derived from PAUP* (consensus tree length, TL = 246; consistency index, CI = 0.498; retention index, RI = 0.502; and Rohlf's CI = 0.708; consensus based on six trees, TL = 237, CI = 0.498, and RI = 0.537). B, strict consensus tree based on 98 characters and 22 taxa (excluding Kiangyousteus yohii, consensus TL = 237, CI = 0.498, RI = 0.535, and Rohlf's CI = 0.993; consensus based on three trees, TL = 237, CI = 0.498, and RI = 0.535). Named nodes: node 1, Brachythoraci; node 4, Eubrachythoraci; node 5, Pachyosteomorphi; node 6, Coccosteomorphi; node 8, Aspinothoracidi; node 9, Dunkleosteus; node 10, Panxiosteidae; node 11, Dunkleosteidae; node 12, Dunkleosteoidea; and node 13, Dinichthyidae. *Character scores for Homostius compiled for the Baltic species sensu Heintz, 1934. **Scores based on Camuropiscis concinnus and Camuropiscis laidlawi.
Figure 2. Regional geography and stratigraphic relationships. A in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 2. Regional geography and stratigraphic relationships. A, geography and depositional basins for the USA mid-continent (modified from Elliott et al., 2000). Fossil localities: 1, Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. (northern Ohio); 2, Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus sp. nov. (Kettle Point, Ontario); 3, Dinichthys herzeri (western Ohio). Structural features (thick dashed lines): a, Algonquin Arch; c, Cincinnati Arch; f, Findlay Arch. State boundaries, dot double-dash lines; Canadian boundary, dotted lines. Concentric lines of basinal deposition, thin dashed lines. Great Lakes (grey). B, generalized stratigraphic columns for the Appalachian and Michigan basins. Modified and updated from Elliott et al. (2000). A Famennian age for the entire Ohio Shale Formation is based on Over & Rhodes (2000). The presence of the Chagrin Shale Member in central Ohio is based on subsurface g-ray profiles (Walker & Babcock, 1999). Fossil localities as in A. Hiatuses in grey. O.b. = Olmsted bed in the Cleveland Shale Member.
Figure 8 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 8. Dorsal view of a generalized eubrachythoracid arthrodire skull roof, presented as a flattened image. The measurements (a, b, and c) used in the length ratios (r1 and r2) of characters 92 and 93 are indicated: r1 (character 92) = b/c; r2 (character 93) = a/c. Not drawn to scale.
Figure 1. Dinichthys herzeri. A, AMNH 81 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 1. Dinichthys herzeri. A, AMNH 81 (holotype), incomplete nuchal plate in internal view. B, AMNH 73 (paratype), left inferognathal plate in lateral view. C, AMNH 34, left anterior superognathal in lateral view. D, AMNH 33, right posterior superognathal in lateral view. Reconstruction of six denticles in the posterior tooth row based on CMNH 7257. Drawings reproduced from Hlavin, 1976. Scale bars equal 3 cm.
Figure 3 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 3. Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. (MCZ 13277). Reconstruction and skull roof, former based on a photograph tracing in dorsal view (A, C) and right lateral (B, D) views. Plate boundaries are difficult to discern as a result of poor preservation. Solid lines indicate clear boundaries. Dashed lines indicate dubious boundaries. Sensory line grooves are indicated by dotted lines. Scale bar: 10 cm.
Figure 7 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 7. Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus sp. nov. (UM 101105). Parasphenoid in ventral view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 6 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 6. Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus sp. nov. (UM 101105). A, B, nuchal and paranuchal plates, and reconstruction, in internal view. C, external reconstruction. Dotted lines indicate incomplete edges; dashed lines indicate the reconstruction of the posterolateral corner of the nuchal plate. Scale bars: 5 cm.
Figure 5 in Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)
Figure 5. Dunkleosteus raveri sp. nov. (MCZ 13277). Dermal ornamentation on postorbital plate. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Subspecies and Distribution. M. m. mephitis Schreber, 1776 — E Canada. M. m. avia Bangs, 1898 — Midwestern USA (Most of Illinois, N half of Missouri & E half of Kansas). M. m. elongata Bangs, 1895 — E & SE USA (Virginia S to E Georgia, Florida, S Alabama & Mississippi). M. m. estor Merriam, 1890 — W USA (S Utah through Arizona and W New Mexico) to N Mexico (Sonora & Chihuahua). M. m. holzerni Mearns, 1897 — SW USA (S California). M. m. hudsonica Richardson, 1829 — C & W Canada and NC USA (from NE Washington to Wisconsin and S into Colorado). M. m. major Howell, 1901 — NW USA (N Nevada & Utah to Oregon & Idaho). M. m. mesomelas Lichtenstein, 1832 — S USA (W Texas & Oklahoma to Arkansas & Louisiana). M. m. nigra Peale & Palisot de Beauvois, 1796 — SE Canada (New Brunswick & Nova Scotia) and E USA (from New England to Ohio & Indiana and S to Mississippi & Alabama. M. m. notata Howell, 1901 — NW USA (C Washington). M. m. occidentalis Baird, 1858 — W USA (N California to SW Oregon). M. m. spissigrada Bangs, 1898 — NW USA (W Washington). M. m. varians Gray, 1837 — S Great Plains USA (E New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma & Kansas) S to NW Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas). in Mephitidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M. m. mephitis Schreber, 1776 — E Canada. M. m. avia Bangs, 1898 — Midwestern USA (Most of Illinois, N half of Missouri & E half of Kansas). M. m. elongata Bangs, 1895 — E & SE USA (Virginia S to E Georgia, Florida, S Alabama & Mississippi). M. m. estor Merriam, 1890 — W USA (S Utah through Arizona and W New Mexico) to N Mexico (Sonora & Chihuahua). M. m. holzerni Mearns, 1897 — SW USA (S California). M. m. hudsonica Richardson, 1829 — C & W Canada and NC USA (from NE Washington to Wisconsin and S into Colorado). M. m. major Howell, 1901 — NW USA (N Nevada & Utah to Oregon & Idaho). M. m. mesomelas Lichtenstein, 1832 — S USA (W Texas & Oklahoma to Arkansas & Louisiana). M. m. nigra Peale & Palisot de Beauvois, 1796 — SE Canada (New Brunswick & Nova Scotia) and E USA (from New England to Ohio & Indiana and S to Mississippi & Alabama. M. m. notata Howell, 1901 — NW USA (C Washington). M. m. occidentalis Baird, 1858 — W USA (N California to SW Oregon). M. m. spissigrada Bangs, 1898 — NW USA (W Washington). M. m. varians Gray, 1837 — S Great Plains USA (E New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma & Kansas) S to NW Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas).
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