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opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Palatability of Insecticides and Protein in Sugar Solutions to Argentine Ants

This is the Raw Data and R Markdown statistics for BioRxiv and Pest Management Science Journal. Title: Palatability of Insecticides and Protein in Sugar Solutions to Argentine Ants Summary:  Invasive ant species like Linepithema humile cause significant ecological and economic harm, making effective control strategies essential. Insecticide baits are currently the most effective approach for controlling ants. Therefore, quantifying how palatable or unpalatable baits, bait additives, or toxicants are, is critical for developing effective control methods. It has recently been demonstrated that in the comparative evaluation of foods, animals that are aware of both a test food and a comparator food exhibit greatly increased sensitivity when detecting the unpalatability of liquid baits. Here, we deploy a newly developed comparative evaluation methodology to examine the palatability to L. humile workers of three toxicants used in invasive ant control: Fipronil, spinosad, and imidacloprid, as well as egg white protein. Ants showed no significant preference between pure sucrose and sucrose-toxicant solutions, indicating that they either cannot detect the toxicants or that they do not find them distasteful. Survival tests confirmed that the toxicant concentrations used were lethal, with a survival rate of 50% or below after 72 hours. However, ants found egg protein additive unpalatable, significantly preferring pure sucrose to a sucrose-egg protein mix. These findings confirm that three major toxicants are suitable for use in baits, and that reported abandonment or avoidance of toxic baits is not due to the unpalatability of these toxicants. However, the addition of egg protein to sucrose baits, even at ratios which optimise colony growth, is likely counterproductive. Future research should investigate the relative preference of invasive ants for various bait matrixes over naturally available food, ensuring more effective pest management strategies.

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Supplementary material and data from: Cranial volume and palate length of cats, Felis spp., under domestication, hybridisation and in wild populations

Reduced brain size, compared with wild individuals, is argued to be a key characteristic among domestic mammal species, and is often thought to be a component of the "domestication syndrome". However, brain size comparisons are often based on old, inaccessible literature and in some cases drew comparisons between domestic animals and wild species that are no longer thought to represent the true progenitor species of the domesticated variant in question. Here we set out to replicate results concerning cranial volumes in domestic cats that were published in the 1960s and 1970s and compared wildcats, domestic cats and their hybrids. In light of new research and ideas surrounding domestication and its effects on domestic animals a replication of these studies is highly relevant. Apart from replicating these studies we also present new data on palate length in Felis cat skulls. Here we provide all data (both new and old digitzed data) upon which we based the analysis discussed in this manuscript. We further provide a link to the code used in the analysis.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

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Specimen list and landmark coordinates for the palate of early salamanders

Ecological preferences and life history strategies have enormous impacts on the evolution and phenotypic diversity of salamanders, but the yet established reliable ecological indicators hinder investigations on the paleobiology of early salamanders. Here we statistically demonstrate using geometric morphometric analysis that both the shape of the palate and many non-shape variables particularly associated with vomerine teeth are ecologically informative in early stem- and basal crown-group salamanders. The morphology of the palate is heavily impacted by convergence constrained by feeding mechanisms and also exhibits clear stepwise evolutionary patterns with alternative phenotypic designs to cope with similar functional demand. Paleoecological disparities in early salamanders had took place before the Middle Jurassic and have achieved all ecological preferences in the Early Cretaceous. Metamorphosis is significant in the expansion of ecomorphospace of the palate in early salamanders. The common ancestor of salamanders is metamorphosed and terrestrial, and share unified lifestyles with other modern amphibians.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Text-fig. 1. CUWM 40, palate of Diamantohyus africanus from Moghara, Egypt, stereo occlusal view. in New Suoid Fossils (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) From The Miocene Of Moghara, Egypt, And Gebel Zelten, Libya: Biochronological Implications

Text-fig. 1. CUWM 40, palate of Diamantohyus africanus from Moghara, Egypt, stereo occlusal view.

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Data from: Reduced palatability, fast flight, and tails: Decoding the defence arsenal of Eudaminae skipper butterflies in a Neotropical locality

Prey often rely on multiple defences against predators, such as flight speed, attack deflection from vital body parts, or unpleasant taste, but our understanding on how often and why they are co-exhibited remains limited. Eudaminae skipper butterflies use fast flight and mechanical defences (hindwing tails), but whether they use other defences like unpalatability (consumption deterrence), and how these defences interact, has not been assessed. We tested the palatability of 12 abundant Eudaminae species in Peru, using training and feeding experiments with domestic chicks. Further, we approximated the difficulty of capture explained by flight speed and quantified by wing loading. We performed phylogenetic regressions to find any association between multiple defences, body size, and habitat preference. We found a broad range of palatability in Eudaminae, within and among species. Contrary to current understanding, palatability was negatively correlated with wing loading, suggesting that faster butterflies tend to have lower palatability. The relative length of hind wing tails did not explain the level of butterfly palatability, showing that attack deflection and consumption deterrence are not mutually exclusive. Habitat preference (open or forested environments) did not explain the level of palatability either, although butterflies with high wing loading tended to occupy semi-closed or closed habitats. Finally, the level of unpalatability in Eudaminae is size dependent. Larger butterflies are less palatable, perhaps because of higher detectability/preference by predators. Altogether, our findings shed light on the contexts favouring the prevalence of single vs. multiple defensive strategies in prey.

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Refined tamoxifen administration in mice by encouraging voluntary consumption of palatable formulations.

Drug administration in preclinical rodent models is essential for research and the development of novel therapies. Compassionate administration methods have been developed, but these are mostly incompatible with water-insoluble drugs such as tamoxifen or do not allow for precise timing or dosing of the drugs. For more than two decades, tamoxifen has been administered by oral gavage or injection to CreERT2/loxP gene-modified mouse models to spatiotemporally control gene expression, with the numbers of such inducible models steadily increasing in recent years. Animal-friendly procedures for accurately administering tamoxifen or other water-insoluble drugs would, therefore, have an important impact on animal welfare. Based on a previously published micropipette feeding protocol, we developed palatable formulations to encourage voluntary consumption of tamoxifen. We evaluated the acceptance of the new formulations by mice during training and treatment and assessed the efficacy of tamoxifen-mediated induction of CreERT2/loxP-dependent reporter genes. Both sweetened milk and syrup-based formulations encouraged mice to consume tamoxifen voluntarily, but only sweetened milk formulations were statistically non-inferior to oral gavage or intraperitoneal injections in inducing CreERT2-mediated gene expression. Serum concentrations of tamoxifen metabolites, quantified using an in-house developed cell assay, confirmed the lower efficacy of syrup- as compared to sweetened milk-based formulations. We found dosing with a micropipette to be more accurate than oral gavage or injection, with the added advantage that the method requires little training for the experimenter. The new palatable solutions encourage voluntary consumption of tamoxifen without loss of efficacy compared to oral gavage or injections and thus represent a refined administration method.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2013View details →

FIG. 3 in Osteology of a North American goniopholidid (Eutretauranosuchus delfsi) and palate evolution in Neosuchia

FIG. 3. Holotype of Eutretauranosuchus delfsi CMNH 8028 in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral view.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

Variations in Palatability and Portion Size of Vegetables on Meal Intake of Preschool Children

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03926065. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

Effectiveness of the Comfort-In Needle Free Injection System During Palatal Infiltrative Anesthesia

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06606587. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Cross-over Study to Evaluate the Palatability of New Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODTs) of Praziquantel (PZQ) and L-PZQ Versus Current PZQ Tablets in African Children Age 6-11 Years

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02315352. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Palatability of Experimental Cigarettes - Study 2

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01568905. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

Efficacy of Maxillo-facial Treatment on Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Faces: Aesthetic Considerations

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03395015. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.

Preventing Complications in Cleft Palate Repair With Antibiotics

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00760006. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

LIMA Protocol Towards Palatal Fistula and Maxillary Growth in Cleft Palate

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07137169. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.

Effects of Laser Stimulation on Wound Healing of Human Palatal Tissue

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03741062. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 23.

Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering for Cleft Lip and Palate Patients

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01932164. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.