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Fig. 2. A in Dimerelloid brachiopod Dzieduszyckia from Famennian hydrocarbon seep deposits of Slaven Chert, Nevada, USA, with insights into systematics and paleoecology of the Dimerelloidea

Fig. 2. A. Global distribution of dimerelloid brachiopod Dzieduszyckia in a reconstruction of Late Devonian paleogeography. B. Map showing studied Famennian localities in Nevada, USA. Abbreviations: C, China; K, Kazakhstan; M, Morocco; N, Nevada; P, Poland; sU, Subpolar Urals; U, Urals; T, Tajikistan; X, Mexico. Inset shows localities noted in the text. Image based on data and concept in Baliński and Biernat (2003: fig. 1) who used the reconstruction of Golonka et al. (1994). The position of Tajikistan is not well constrained.

Fig. 13 in Dimerelloid brachiopod Dzieduszyckia from Famennian hydrocarbon seep deposits of Slaven Chert, Nevada, USA, with insights into systematics and paleoecology of the Dimerelloidea

Fig. 13. Number of costae per width in centimeters of fragments in Dzieduszyckia sp. from Nevada. A. Histogram of data from all measured specimens. B. Best fit regression line assuming variance within a single species, in which costae frequency width skews toward lower values. C. Separation into two distinct species of brachiopods, with low (ca. 0.5 costa/mm) and high (ca. 1.0 costa/mm) median costae frequencies with best fit regression lines. Photos show one field sample with a representative of each group.

Fig. 1 in Dimerelloid brachiopod Dzieduszyckia from Famennian hydrocarbon seep deposits of Slaven Chert, Nevada, USA, with insights into systematics and paleoecology of the Dimerelloidea

Fig. 1. Stratigraphic occurrences of dimerelloid brachiopod genera belonging to superfamily Dimerelloidea (Buckamn, 1918). Note that this arrangement is based solely on first appearance and does not imply evolutionary lineages. The Permian age of Rhynchonellina is based on Diener (1903) and Reed (1944).

Fig. 7 in Dimerelloid brachiopod Dzieduszyckia from Famennian hydrocarbon seep deposits of Slaven Chert, Nevada, USA, with insights into systematics and paleoecology of the Dimerelloidea

Fig. 7. Measurements of shell features. FRAG, measured fossil is a fragment of a valve. MED, fragment of valve that retains the margin and sulcus and can be used to estimate minimum width.

Fig. 4 in Dimerelloid brachiopod Dzieduszyckia from Famennian hydrocarbon seep deposits of Slaven Chert, Nevada, USA, with insights into systematics and paleoecology of the Dimerelloidea

Fig. 4. Stratigraphic distribution of dimerelloid brachiopod Dzieduszyckia within the Famennian (Upper Devonian) based on conodonts and ammonoids. Biozones based on the divisions of Spalletta et al. (2017), retaining the divisions on lower, middle, upper, and uppermost Famennian. See text for age references.

Fig. 10 in Dimerelloid brachiopod Dzieduszyckia from Famennian hydrocarbon seep deposits of Slaven Chert, Nevada, USA, with insights into systematics and paleoecology of the Dimerelloidea

Fig. 10. δ13C isotopic ratios of limestone from Clipper Mine, Nevada compared to Mexico and Morocco (Famennian). Data from Batther 2020 and this study (Nevada); Canet et al. 2014 (Mexico); Peckmann et al. 2007 Morocco).

Fig. 12 in Dimerelloid brachiopod Dzieduszyckia from Famennian hydrocarbon seep deposits of Slaven Chert, Nevada, USA, with insights into systematics and paleoecology of the Dimerelloidea

Fig. 12. Internal features of dimerelloid brachiopod Dzieduszyckia sp., Famennian, Nevada, USA. A. USNM PAL 794583, dorsal valve showing pronounced septum. B. USNM PAL 794584, internal mold of small shell showing deep septum and biconvex shell. C. USNM PAL 794585, view of hinge displaying septalium in upper, dorsal shell and vertical dental plates in lower, ventral shell. D. USNM PAL 794586, internal mold preserving relatively tall septalium. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 7 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 7. Tooth wear frequencies for Optima Local Fauna (Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA) carnivorans. Borophagus secundus (A), Vulpes stenognathus (B), Plesiogulo marshalli (C); Amphimachairodus coloradensis (D).

Fig. 4 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 4. Comparison of dental tissues (dentin versus enamel) and their d13C and d18O isotopes in unidentified horse teeth from the Optima Local Fauna Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA). R2 = 0.0002 for dentin, 0.5054 for enamel.

Fig. 1 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 1. δ13C values for Optima Local Fauna mammals (Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA). Color differences between Agriotherium schneideri and other carnivorans (red vs. buff) and among herbivores (green vs. yellow) indicate the major statistical differences within these groups.

Fig. 3 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 3. Mesowear discriminant function analysis for Optima Local Fauna (Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA) artiodactyls and perissodactyls compared to closelyrelated taxa from other Miocene sites from North America and modern taxa (see Material and methods). A. Modern taxa (data from Fortelius and Solounias 2000; Rivals et al. 2007; Fraser and Theodor 2013; Schulz and Kaiser 2013; Taylor et al. 2014; Jones and DeSantis 2017; Mihlbachler et al. 2018). B. Equidae. C. Teleoceras. D. Artiodactyla. Abbreviations: Aa, Alces alces; Ab, Alcelaphus buselaphus; Ad, Antidorcas marsupialis; Al, Alcelaphus lichtensteinii; Am, Aepyceros melampus; An, Antilocapra americana; Ap, Axis porcinus; Ax, Axis axis; Bbp, Plains bison Bison bison; Bbw, Wood bison Bison bison; Be, Boocercus euryceros; Bt, Boselaphus tragocamelus; Bu, Budorcas taxicolor; Ca, Capreolus capreolus; Cc, Cervus canadensis; Cd, Cervus duvauceli; Ce, Ceratotherium simum; Ci, Capra ibex; Cm, Camelus dromedarius; Cs, Capricornis sumatraensis; Ct, Connochaetes taurinus; Db, Diceros bicornis; Ef, Equus ferus przewalski; Eg, Equus grevyi; Eha, Equus hartmannae; Ehe, Equus hemionus; Ek, Equus kiang; Eq, Equus quagga; Ez, Equus zebra; Gc, Giraffa camelopardalis; Gg, Gazella granti; Gt, Gazella thomsoni; He, Hippotragus equinus; Hn, Hippotragus niger; Ke, Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Lg, Lama glama; Lv, Lama vicugna; Lw, Litocranius walleri; Oc, Ovis canadensis; Oh, Odocoileus hemionus; Om, Ovibos moschatus; Oo, Ourebia ourebi; Ov, Odocoileus virginianus; Rr, Redunca redunca; Rs, Rhinoceros sondaicus; Ru, Rhinoceros unicornis; Sc, Syncerus caffer; Ta, Tragelaphus angasi; To, Taurotragus oryx; Tq, Tetracerus quadricornis; Ts, Tragelaphus scriptus; FL, Florida; KS, Kansas; NE, Nebraska; TX, Texas.

Fig. 2 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 2. Comparison of taxonomicallygrouped stable isotope values for Optima Local Fauna (Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA) horses (top), artiodactyls plus Mammut sp. (middle), and Teleoceras hicksi (bottom). Color differences indicate groupings that are statistically significantly different from one another. A. Average δ13C values. B. Average δ18O values.

Fig. 6 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 6. Tooth breakage percentages for Optima Local Fauna (Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA), Pleistocene, and modern felids and canids. Higher percent tooth breakage corresponds with darker shade. Pleistocene and modern data from Van Valkenburgh (2009).

Fig. 5 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 5. Mesowear numerical values (MNS) for artiodactyls (green) and perissodactyls (yellow) from the Optima Local Fauna (Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA). Color differences indicate groupings that are statistically significantly difference from one another.

Fig. 7 in New records of Late Triassic wood from Argentina and their biostratigraphic, paleoclimatic, and paleoecological implications

Fig. 7. Schemes showing anatomical characters of Protophyllocladoxylon hilarioense. A. Tracheid radial pitting patterns (A1, A2). B. Cross field pitting. C. Radial system.

Fig. 6 in New records of Late Triassic wood from Argentina and their biostratigraphic, paleoclimatic, and paleoecological implications

Fig. 6. Podocarpacean wood Protophyllocladoxylon hilarioense sp. nov. (CTES-PB 14409) from Upper Triassic, Hilario Creek, San Juan province, Argentina. Longitudinal radial section. Flattened biseriate and uniseriate pits (A1); flattened uniseriate and biseriate pits (A2); cross fields with phyllocladoid oopores (A3, arrow).

Fig. 4 in New records of Late Triassic wood from Argentina and their biostratigraphic, paleoclimatic, and paleoecological implications

Fig. 4. Schemes showing anatomical characters of Baieroxylon cicatricum. A. Tracheid radial pitting patterns (A1, A2). B. Cross field pitting. C. Radial system. D. Detail of scar.

Fig. 5 in New records of Late Triassic wood from Argentina and their biostratigraphic, paleoclimatic, and paleoecological implications

Fig. 5. Podocarpacean wood, Protophyllocladoxylon hilarioense sp. nov. from Upper Triassic, Hilario Creek, San Juan province, Argentina. Transverse sections (A1–A3); radial longitudinal sections of earlywood (A4–A10, B); tangential longitudinal sections (A11, A12). A. CTES-PB 14409, the general aspect of the wood (A1), secondary xylem with growth rings (A2), tracheids of late wood (arrow, A3); uniseriate pits and flattened pits (A4, A5), biseriate and alternate pits (A6), uniseriate flattened pits (black arrow) and biseriate opposite pits (white arrow) (A7), opposite pits (black arrow) and subopposite pits (white arrows) (A8), cross-fields with oblique to horizontal phyllocladoid oopores (A9, A10), uniseriate rays (A11, A12). B. CTES-PB 14406, uniseriate pits and flattened pits (B1), mixed pits with a tendency to abietinoid (B2), uniseriate separate pits (B3).

Fig. 1 in New records of Late Triassic wood from Argentina and their biostratigraphic, paleoclimatic, and paleoecological implications

Fig. 1. Location of petrified woods. A. Location of the study area at San Juan province, Argentina. B. Hilario (northern), Barreal (southern) and Rincón Blanco depocenters of Cuyana Basin. The satellite image taken from Google Earth Pro. C. Location map of the Hilario Creek, in the Hilario (northern) depocenter. Modified from Ruiz and Bodnar (2019).

Fig. 3 in New records of Late Triassic wood from Argentina and their biostratigraphic, paleoclimatic, and paleoecological implications

Fig. 3. Ginkgoalean wood. Baieroxylon cicatricum Prasad and Lele, 1984 (CTES-PB 14411) from Hilario Creek, San Juan province, Argentina, Upper Triassic. Longitudinal radial section of tracheids with biseriate pits (A1), Pits in the cross-fields (A2, arrows).