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509 results for “photonics”
Detection of ultra-weak laser pulses by free-running single-photon detectors: modeling dead time and dark counts effects
<p>In quantum communication systems, the precise estimation of the detector´s response to the incoming light is necessary to avoid security breaches. The typical working regime uses a free-running single-photon avalanche diode in combination with attenuated laser pulses at telecom wavelength for encoding information. We demonstrate the validity of an analytical model for this regime which considers the effects of dark counts and dead time on the measured count rate. For the purpose of gaining a better understanding of these effects, the photon detections were separated from the dark counts via a software-induced gating mechanism. The model was verified by experimental data for mean photon numbers covering three orders of magnitude as well as for laser repetition frequencies below and above the inverse dead time. Consequently, our model would be of interest for predicting the detector response not only in the field of quantum communications, but also in any other quantum physics experiment where high detection rates are needed.</p>
Indistinguishable photons from a trapped-ion quantum network node
<p>Dataset of measurements for "Indistinguishable photons from a trapped-ion quantum network node"</p>
Data set on the main text of "A bright and fast source of coherent single photons"
<p>The data set that is presented in the main text is uploaded to the repository. Please note that all the data is scaled according to the axis on the paper, that means if the axis has a multiplication by 1e3 then the data is divided by 1e3.</p> <p>Each file is named after the corresponding subfigure.</p> <p>The preprint version of the article can be found in: https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.12654</p>
Photonics4All - Presentation about Photonics Games
<p>This video shows the presentation held by Fabio Chiarello (Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies IFN-CRN, Rome) at the European Optical Society (EOS) Annual Meeting (EOSAM) in Berlin 2016. Main topic is the role of Photonic Games in the Project Photonics4All.</p> <p> </p>
Study Photonics - overview
<p>The “Study Photonics!” brochure aims at students containing information regarding where to study photonics in different European countries, e.g. Italy, Slovakia, Germany or the UK.<br> The objective of this brochure is to promote photonics for future entrepreneurs, in order to make them want to study photonics and then create companies in this field.<br> The brochure was distributed to students in high schools before they choose their specialization. This dataset gives an overview of the study programme in the different countries taking part in the Photonics4All Project.</p> <p> </p>
Tutorial Photonics Explorer Module 7: Interference and Diffraction
<p>Photonics Austria (PhAu) has conducted Teacher Training Programmes about Photonics - the Photonics Explorer - in order to promote the potential of photonics to enliven physics lessons. This video shows several experiments on the subject of interference and diffraction.</p>
Tutorial Photonics Explorer Module 5: Polarisation
<p>Photonics Austria (PhAu) has conducted Teacher Training Programmes - the Photonics Explorer- about Photonics in order to promote the potential of photonics to enliven physics lessons. This video is concerned with the topic polarisation and optical activity. </p>
Tutorial Photonics Explorer Module 1: total internal reflection
<p>Photonics Austria (PhAu) has conducted Teacher Training Programmes about Photonics - the Photonics Explorer - in order to promote the potential of photonics and to enliven physics lessons. This video tutorial demonstrates and explains the principals of total internal reflection.</p> <p> </p>
Tutorial Photonics Explorer Module 3 part 2: lenses, imaging rules, optical setups and telescopes
<p>Photonics Austria (PhAu) has conducted Teacher Training Programmes about Phoronics - the Photonics Explorer- in order to promote the potential of photonics to enliven physics lessons. This video is concerned with the topic polarisation and optical activity.</p> <p> </p>
Tutorial Photonics Explorer Module 3 part 1: lenses, imaging rules, optical setups and telescopes
<p>Photonics Austria (PhAu) has conducted Teacher Training Programmes about Photonics - the Photonics Explorer- in order to promote the potential of photonics to enliven physics lessons. This video tutorial contains several experiments designed to illustrate imaging equation and the laws of lenses.</p>
Dataset: Pyroelectric Influence on Lithium Niobate During the Thermal Transition for Cryogenic Integrated Photonics
<p>Dataset of the publication "Pyroelectric Influence on Lithium Niobate During the Thermal Transition for Cryogenic Integrated Photonics", F. Thiele, et al., in the journal Materials for Quantum Technology (2023).</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <blockquote> <p>Lithium niobate has emerged as a promising platform for integrated quantum optics, enabling efficient generation, manipulation, and detection of quantum states of light. However, integrating single-photon detectors requires cryogenic operating temperatures, since the best performing detectors are based on narrow superconducting wires. While previous studies have demonstrated the operation of quantum light sources and electro-optic modulators in LiNbO<sub>3</sub> at cryogenic temperatures, the thermal transition between room temperature and cryogenic conditions introduces additional effects that can significantly influence device performance. In this paper, we investigate the generation of pyroelectric charges and their impact on the optical properties of lithium niobate waveguides when changing from room temperature to 25 K, and vice versa. We measure the generated pyroelectric charge flow and correlate this with fast changes in the birefringence acquired through the Sénarmont-method. Both electrical and optical influence of the pyroelectric effect occur predominantly at temperatures above 100 K.</p> </blockquote>
All-Optical Data Processing with Photon-Avalanching Nanocrystalline Photonic Synapse
<h2>Abstract</h2><p>Data processing and storage in electronic devices are typically performed as a sequence of elementary binary operations. Alternative approaches, such as neuromorphic or reservoir computing, are rapidly gaining interest where data processing is relatively slow, but can be performed in a more comprehensive way or massively in parallel, like in neuronal circuits. Here, time-domain all-optical information processing capabilities of photon-avalanching (PA) nanoparticles at room temperature are discovered. Demonstrated functionality resembles properties found in neuronal synapses, such as: paired-pulse facilitation and short-term internal memory, in situ plasticity, multiple inputs processing, and all-or-nothing threshold response. The PA-memory-like behavior shows capability of machine-learning-algorithm-free feature extraction and further recognition of 2D patterns with simple 2 input artificial neural network. Additionally, high nonlinearity of luminescence intensity in response to photoexcitation mimics and enhances spike-timing-dependent plasticity that is coherent in nature with the way a sound source is localized in animal neuronal circuits. Not only are yet unexplored fundamental properties of photon-avalanche luminescence kinetics studied, but this approach, combined with recent achievements in photonics, light confinement and guiding, promises all-optical data processing, control, adaptive responsivity, and storage on photonic chips.</p>
Source code and simulation results: Poles and zeros of electromagnetic quantities in photonic systems
<h4><strong>Summary</strong></h4> <p>This publication supplements the article "Poles and zeros of electromagnetic quantities in photonic systems" with tabulated data and matlab code that allows to reproduce the results. The article elaborates how evaluating resonances based on contour integrals of scalar electromagnetic quantities extends to computing zeros. Furthermore, direct differentiation of underlying scattering problems is used to compute sensitivities with respect to design parameters.</p> <h4><strong>Structure</strong></h4> <p>The script 'main_text.m' can be used to reproduce the results provided in the paper. In tabulated form the results are contained in the directory <strong>tabulated</strong>. Furthermore, the script 'supplement.m' can be used to reproduce results presented in the supplement. The directory <strong>RPExpand </strong>contains the software RPExpand v2, which is available on <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371002">Zenodo</a> with additional examples. </p> <h4><strong>Compute residues</strong></h4> <p>The modal expansion of the Fourier transform is based on its residues at the dominant resonances. If the poles are simple, which often is the case, the residues can be obtained directly from the eigenvectors of the generalized eigenvalue problem used to obtain the poles or the zeros. Introducing the Vandermonde matrix</p> <p>\(V = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & \dots & 1 \\ w_1 & \dots & w_M \\ \vdots & & \vdots \\ w_1^{M-1} &\dots & w_M^{M-1} \end{bmatrix}\),</p> <p>the Hankel matrix \(H\) can be written as \(H = V A V^T\) with \(A\) being the diagonal matrix \(\mathrm{diag}(a_1,\dots,a_M)\) containing the residues \(a_m \). This decomposition is a consequence of the Cauchy's reisdue theorem if the poles are simple. Furthermore, we now that \(V^{-T}\) solves the generalized eigenproblem \(H^<X = HX\Omega\) (Eq. 2 in the original paper) and hence the eigenvectors we get from Matlabs eig routine are \(X = V^{-T}D\) where \(D\) is some scaling. It follows that we obtain the residues using \(A = X^T H X (X V^T)^{-2}\)</p> <h4><strong>Derivatives</strong></h4> <p>Similarly, our framework provides a straight forward approach to the derivatives of zeros and poles if they are simple. Using direct differentiation we have access to partial derivatives of the quantity \(q(\omega)\) and hence the derivatives of the moments \(s_k = \frac{1}{2\pi i} \oint_C \omega^k q(\omega) \mathrm{d}\omega\). For the zeros the inverse \(1/q(\omega)\) and the respective derivative are considered. Using Cauchy's residue theorem the derivatives \(\frac{\partial w_m}{\partial p}\)are solutions of the linear system of equations \(\frac{\partial s_k}{\partial p} = \sum_{m = 1}^{M}\left[k\omega_m^{k-1}\frac{\partial w_m}{\partial p} a_m + \omega_m^k\frac{\partial a_m}{\partial p} \right]\).</p> <h4><strong>Higher order singularities</strong></h4> <p>Finding higher order poles and zeros is possible without further adaptation. Computing derivatives and residues requires some special care. The moments are then given by \(s_k = \sum_{m=1}^{M} \sum_{n = 1}^{N_m} a_{m,n} \frac{k! \, \omega^{k-n+1}}{(k-n+1)!(n-1)!}\)with \(a_{m,n}\) being the residue of the pole \(\omega_m\) and \(n \) refers to the order. Accordingly expressions for the derivatives are available.</p> <h4><strong>Error estimates</strong></h4> <p>The estimated errors in Table 1 refer to the number of integration points, i.e. we are interested in the question how close we get with a given number of integration points to the exact solution of the chosen approximate model of the physical system. Due to propagation of the error the convergence of the derivatives is shifted towards a larger number of integration points.</p> <h4><strong>Requirements</strong></h4> <ul> <li>JCMsuite (version 5.4.3 or newer)</li> <li>MATLAB (tested with version R2019b)</li> </ul> <p>In order to run the scripts you must replace the corresponding place holder in 'zeros_poles.m' by a path to your installation of JCMsuite. Free trial licenses are available, please refer to the homepage of <a href="https://jcmwave.com/">JCMwave</a>.</p> <h4><strong>References</strong></h4> <p>[1] Felix Binkowski, Fridtjof Betz, Rémi Colom, Patrice Genevet, Sven Burger, Poles and zeros of electromagnetic quantities in photonic systems, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2307.04654</p> <p>[2] Anthony P. Austin, Peter Kravanja, Lloyd N. Trefethen, Numerical algorithms based on analytic function values at roots of unity, SIAM Journal of Numerical Analysis 52, 1795 (2014), https://doi.org/10.1137/130931035</p> <p>[3] Felix Binkowski, Fridtjof Betz, Martin Hammerschmidt, Philipp-Immanuel Schneider, Lin Zschiedrich, Sven Burger, Computation of eigenfrequency sensitivities using Riesz projections for efficient optimization of nanophotonic resonators, Communications Physics <strong>5</strong>, 202 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-022-00977-1</p>
SNSPD traces given varying incident mean photon numbers
<p>The data set consists of 1.1 million electrical output signals (traces) from a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) from Single Quantum. These traces were recorded with an oscilloscope (21 GHz bandwidth, 128GSa/s) for varying incident mean photon numbers between 0.5 and 5 in steps of 0.5 photons per pulse (generated with a laser, i.e., coherent states). More information can be found in the accompanying publication.</p>
Data for: Motion adaptive deblurring with single photon cameras
<p>Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are a rapidly developing image sensing technology with extreme lowlight sensitivity and picosecond timing resolution. These unique capabilities have enabled SPADs to be used in applications like LiDAR, non-line-of-sight imaging and fluorescence microscopy that require imaging in photon-starved scenarios. In this work we harness these capabilities for dealing with motion blur in a passive imaging setting in low illumination conditions. Our key insight is that the data captured by a SPAD array camera can be represented as a 3D spatio-temporal tensor of photon detection events which can be integrated along arbitrary spatio-temporal trajectories with dynamically varying integration windows, depending on scene motion. We propose an algorithm that estimates pixel motion from photon timestamp data and dynamically adapts the integration windows to minimize motion blur. Our simulation results show the applicability of this algorithm to a variety of motion profiles including translation, rotation and local object motion. We also demonstrate the real-world feasibility of our method on data captured using a 32 × 32 SPAD camera.</p>
The experiment data for Photonics Diffraction Generator
<p>Three h5 compiled files are represent following experimental data:<br>cas_opt: The experimentally generated handwritten digit from a cascaded PDG<br>par_opt: The experimentally generated handwritten digit from a parallelPDG<br>speckle_opt: The experimentally collected speckles</p>
Cryogenic feed-forward of a Photonic Quantum State
<p>#################################################################################<br>#################################################################################<br>#################################################################################<br>Supplemental material for 'Cryogenic feed-forward of a Photonic Quantum State'<br>#################################################################################<br>#################################################################################<br>#################################################################################</p> <p><br>#################################################################################<br>Simulation:<br>#################################################################################<br>simulation.py<br> - simulation script used to calculate expected g(2)(0) values for various experimental settings<br> - uncomment the the parts of the setting you want to plot<br> - the POVM matrix of the 4 pixel SNSPD calculated by Timon Schapeler<br> - used to calculate the response of the 4 pixel detector to a given photon number</p> <p><br>#################################################################################<br>G2 Measurements:<br>#################################################################################</p> <p>Coincidences_xxx.csv<br> bidirectional coincidence Histogramms of various events (see below) at an idler mean photon number<br> The collums indicate the number of counts in a given timebin<br> timebins are indicative of the relative time difference between two events<br> binsize: 250ps<br> <br> Row contents are:<br> no photon number resolution<br> 0: coincidence HBT detector 1 and modulator trigger<br> 1: coincidence HBT detector 2 and modulator trigger<br> 2: coincidence HBT detector 2 and virtual channel of detector 1 heralded with the modulator trigger<br> 3: coincidence HBT detector 1 and virtual channel of detector 2 heralded with the modulator trigger<br> 4: coincidence HBT detector 1 and detector 2<br> selecting single photons<br> 5: coincidence HBT detector 1 and modulator trigger<br> 6: coincidence HBT detector 2 and modulator trigger<br> 7: coincidence HBT detector 2 and virtual channel of detector 1 heralded with the modulator trigger<br> 8: coincidence HBT detector 1 and virtual channel of detector 2 heralded with the modulator trigger<br> 9: coincidence HBT detector 1 and detector 2<br> selecting two photons<br> 10: coincidence HBT detector 1 and modulator trigger<br> 11: coincidence HBT detector 2 and modulator trigger<br> 12: coincidence HBT detector 2 and virtual channel of detector 1 heralded with the modulator trigger<br> 13: coincidence HBT detector 1 and virtual channel of detector 2 heralded with the modulator trigger<br> 14: coincidence HBT detector 1 and detector 2</p> <p>#################################################################################<br>Cryogenic Electronics<br>#################################################################################</p> <p>Threshold Sweep Map.csv<br> observed countrate under pulsed coherent state input. The repetition rate 600kHz for the pulsed 1550nm laser.<br> axis: Threshold settings ranging from 30mV to 150mV in 2mV steps<br> The columns correspond to a sweep of the high level threshold.<br> The rows correspond to a sweep of the low level threshold.</p> <p>#################################################################################<br>Source:<br>#################################################################################</p> <p>SHG_Spectrum.csv<br> The resulting spectrum of the SHG conversion with the periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal. The intensity is normalized to the maximum amplitude.</p> <p>JointSpectrum_Wavelength.csv<br>JointSpectrum_Countrate.csv<br> Dataset of the joint spectral intensity in counts/s. The used incremental wavelength steps are given in the file. <br> The presented joint spectrum is acquired after the PDC-process.</p> <p>#################################################################################<br>Modulator:<br>#################################################################################</p> <p>ModulatorSweep_Output.csv<br>ModulatorSweep_Voltage.csv<br>ModulatorSweep_Wavelength.csv<br> Characterisation scan of the cryogneic electro-optic modulator. The wavelength and voltage of modualtor is swept while the throughput power is acquired.<br> The dataset is acquired with a narrow band laser with a FWHM of 1pm. The dataset is plotted in the supplementary material.</p> <p>Time_ModulationTrace.csv<br>DrivingSignal_ModulationTrace.csv<br>ResponsSignal_ModulationTrace.csv<br> Optical response of the croygenic photonic circuit when light is detected in the idler arm. The driving signal is generated by the SNSPD, amplifier, discriminator and modulator driver.<br> The driving signal is acquired from the cryogneic circuit into a room temperature 50Ohm load. <br> The response signal of is acquired by sending constant power through the electro-optic modulator at 1550nm.<br> The driving signal is generated by the complete cryogenic SNSPD, amplifier, discriminator and modulator driving connected to the modulator.<br> The signal is acquired with a room temperature photodiode. <br> The time steps are given in the file.</p> <p>modulator_S_parameters.csv<br> The measured S parameters of the modulator measured with CW light and a photodiode<br> Collums are: frequency [MHz] : S11 amplitude [dB] : S11 Phase [Degrees] : S21 amplitude [dB] : S21 Phase [Degrees]</p> <p>#################################################################################<br>4-pixel SNSPD:<br>#################################################################################</p> <p>Traces_SNSPDTraces.csv<br>Time_SNSPDTraces.csv<br> 1000 signal traces at the output of the SNSPD. These presented traces are acquired after the cryogenic amplifier with a room temperature oscilloscope with a 50Ohm load.<br> The signals time steps are given in the second file. The dataset is displayed in figure 2b) of the main manuscript. </p> <p>Detector_bias_countrate.csv<br> countrate observed after the triggering electronics when scanning the SNSPD bias current. SNSPD illuminated with pulsed 600kHz repetition rate attenuated coherent state.<br> Collums are: Voltage over 110 k ohm biassing resistor [mV] : countrate when illuminated : countrate when input blocked</p> <p> </p> <p>#################################################################################<br>Amplifiers:<br>#################################################################################</p> <p>first_amp_high_power_S_parameters.csv<br> S-parameters for the first amplifier stage operated at ∼50 μA Base current and 0.6 V at the collector<br>first_amp_low_power_S_parameters.csv<br> S-parameters for the first amplifier stage operated at ∼17 μA Base current and 0.4 V at the collector<br>second_amp_S_parameters.csv<br> S-parameters for the second amplifier stage</p> <p>all files:<br> Collums are: frequency [MHz] : S11 amplitude [dB] : S11 Phase [Degrees] : S21 amplitude [dB] : S21 Phase [Degrees] : S12 amplitude [dB] : S12 Phase [Degrees] : S22 amplitude [dB] : S22 Phase [Degrees]</p> <p><br>#################################################################################<br>unbinned counts:<br>#################################################################################<br> <br>unprocessed_coincidences_no_modulator.csv<br> measred coincidences between the 4 pixel SNSPD and a detector in the HBT interferometer when entirely bypassing the modulator<br>unprocessed_coincidences_no_modulator.csv<br> measred coincidences between the 4 pixel SNSPD and a detector in the HBT interferometer when going through the modulator</p> <p>collumns: relative time [ps] : counts</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Photon time-of-flight histograms measured with a photon-counting diffuse LiDAR on Crook Glacier and Collier Glacier, Oregon
<p>This data set contains photon time-of-flight histograms measured in September 2021 on Crook Glacier, Oregon, and two sites on Collier Glacier, Oregon (USA). Each data file is associated with a single measurement using a photon-counting diffuse LiDAR. The files contain a header with geo-location (WGS84) and instrument settings as well as the raw count numbers and integration time for each temporal bin. The given arrival times represent the center of each temporal bin. The color naming scheme of the file names represents the used laser wavelength (blue=405nm, green=520nm, red=640nm), the last number in each filename represents the distance between laser and detector (i.e. 1.8m at 520nm for file "green5_1.8.txt").</p> <p>The data is organized in folders for each site plus an additional folder containing Matlab-code needed for data evaluation. The code uses this folder structure for relative path referencing. Data is evaluated using ExampleDataEvalV2.m, which employs the other three files as helper functions. The helper function ReadTofHisto.m reads the raw data from the measurement files and provides a named structure with the header information.</p> <p>If you wish to use this data set please contact Markus Allgaier at markusa@uoregon.edu with a description of the work and any questions so that we may offer guidance in regards to the best usage of our dataset. When using the data set within a publication, please cite:</p> <p>Markus ALLGAIER, Matthew G. COOPER, Anders E. CARLSON, Sarah W. COOLEY, Jonathan C. RYAN, Brian J. SMITH, "Direct measurement of optical properties of glacier ice using a photon-counting diffuse LiDAR", in preparation (2022)</p>
Two dimensional materials for photonic devices
<p>Video-presentation with the summary of the two dimensional materials for photonic devices project.</p> <p>This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 840064</p>
Research Data supporting "Pachyrhynchus weevils use 3D photonic crystals with varying degrees of order to create diverse and brilliant displays"
<p>The research data is arranged into different folders containing the following files (.txt, .tif, .xlsx files; <em>italics</em>). This data and the descriptions below should be read in conjunction with the manuscript and “Supporting Info”, both of which may be found at the following DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200592.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.