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779 results for “pigments”
Figure. 3 in Melanic hyper-pigmentation in the genus Lepidion (Gadiformes: Moridae)
Figure. 3 - Microphotographs of hypermelanized skin sections. A: Pigmented cell proliferation in the superficial dermis (stratum laxum) (arrows). H-E staining. Insert: distribution of melanophores (arrows) in normal pigmented skin. H-E staining. B: Hyperplasia of melanophores in superficial dermis forming a thick heavily pigmented layer beneath the epidermis (arrow). H-E staining. C: Foci of hyperplasic melanophores densely clustered. H-E staining. D: Positive argentaffin reaction of melanin granules. FM staining. dd: deep dermis; ep: epidermis; sc: scale. Scale bars: A, B = 50 µm; C = 20 µm; D = 100 µm.
Figure 1 in The post-embryonic development of Amphiprion perideraion reveals a decoupling between morphological and pigmentation changes
Figure 1. – Amphiprion perideraion development from hatching to 20 dph. Graph showing the quantitative measurement of individual larvae from hatching to 20 dph, therefore providing an indication on individual variation. A: Morphological characters measured. HD, head depth; HL, head length; SL, standard length; BD, body depth (Allen, 1974; Önsoy et al., 2011). B: Graph showing the significant relation- ship among TL to larvae age. C: Allometric growth equation between TL and SL (orange), BD (red), HD (turquoise), and HL (blue) in larvae. Note that the allometric growth is negative for HL and positive for BD and HD. D: Stereomicroscope images of larvae from 1 dph to 15 dph. E-I: Higher magnification of caudal (E), dorsal (F), anal (G) and pelvic (H) fins formation and pigmentation ontogenesis (I). Scale bars = 1 mm.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Perlesta armitagei n. sp. (Plecoptera: Perlidae): More cryptic diversity in darkly pigmented Perlesta from the eastern Nearctic.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Perlesta armitagei n. sp. (Plecoptera: Perlidae): More cryptic diversity in darkly pigmented Perlesta from the eastern Nearctic". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/0f0f11d9-27bb-487e-93e0-6c33ec5958b6">https://bionomia.net/dataset/0f0f11d9-27bb-487e-93e0-6c33ec5958b6</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/0f0f11d9-27bb-487e-93e0-6c33ec5958b6">https://gbif.org/dataset/0f0f11d9-27bb-487e-93e0-6c33ec5958b6</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Figures 8–9 in Variation and pigmentation in the milliped, Xystocheir brachymacris Shelley, 1996, from the northern Sierra Nevada foothills, California, USA (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae: Xystocheirini)
Figures 8–9. Broad environmental views of the riparian, mixed alder/conifer habitat at the Placer Co. X. brachymacris locality. 8) Side view showing sample area (arrow) on level ground above slope to Pagge Creek. 9) View looking up Pagge Creek with collecting area at right edge of photo.
Figure 10 in Variation and pigmentation in the milliped, Xystocheir brachymacris Shelley, 1996, from the northern Sierra Nevada foothills, California, USA (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae: Xystocheirini)
Figure 10. Distribution of Xystocheir. Dots, X. brachymacris. Triangle, denoted by the arrow, X. bistipita Shelley, 2006, the allopatric species in San Luis Obispo Co.
Figures 2–7 in Variation and pigmentation in the milliped, Xystocheir brachymacris Shelley, 1996, from the northern Sierra Nevada foothills, California, USA (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae: Xystocheirini)
Figures 2–7. Genitalia of X. brachymacris. 2–4). Male from Placer Co. 2) Telopodite of left gonopod, medial view. 3) The same, lateral view. 4) The same, anteriomedial view. 5–6) El Dorado Co. male. 5) Left gonopod, medial view. 6) Telopodite of the same, lateral view. 7) Cyphopod of El Dorado Co. female. B, process "B"; CV, caudal valve; O, operculum; pfp, prefemoral process; R, receptacle; S, solenomere. Figures 5–7 reproduced from Shelley (1996, fig. 39–41) with permission of NRC Research Press.
Fig 1 in A detailed illustrated description of Palearctic species Magwengiella (=Listrocalus) nycthemerops (HEINRICH, 1978). Notes on transformation of pigmental coloration of type specimens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae, Ctenocalini)
Fig 1: Magwengiella (=Listrocalus) nycthemerops (HEINRICH, 1978) paratype from ZSM (photo of St. Schmidt 06.09.2013).
Text-fig. 7. Enamel microstructure in the molars of (a) Allosorex stenodus (KOE-4196 / Z 28207 – OF 6512) and (b) Blarina brevicauda (KOE-1435). SEM photos showing transverse sections of the paralophid in a lower molar. The schmelzmuster of Allosorex is one-layered and formed exclusively from radial enamel (RE), whereas the schmelzmuster of Blarina is two-layered, with an inner enamel of laterally inclined radial enamel with distinct interrow sheets (REIS). The radial enamel of the outer layer is heavily pigmented and therefore poorly etched. The pigmentation does not affect the schmelzmuster. in Allosorex Stenodus Fejfar, 1966 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): Re-Description Of Type Material And Re-Interpretation Of Its Fossil Record
Text-fig. 7. Enamel microstructure in the molars of (a) Allosorex stenodus (KOE-4196 / Z 28207 – OF 6512) and (b) Blarina brevicauda (KOE-1435). SEM photos showing transverse sections of the paralophid in a lower molar. The schmelzmuster of Allosorex is one-layered and formed exclusively from radial enamel (RE), whereas the schmelzmuster of Blarina is two-layered, with an inner enamel of laterally inclined radial enamel with distinct interrow sheets (REIS). The radial enamel of the outer layer is heavily pigmented and therefore poorly etched. The pigmentation does not affect the schmelzmuster.
Fig. 1 in Mechanisms of pigmentation loss in subterranean fishes
Fig. 1. Detail of the caudal-fin of a specimen of Stygichthys typhlops before the administration of L-DOPA (control); melanophores are not visible. Magnification 250 x.
Figure 8. Animal and mantle pigmentation. A in Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo
Figure 8. Animal and mantle pigmentation. A, Everettia subconsul west coast lowland; B, Everettia layanglayang sp. nov.; C, Everettia monticola sp. nov.; D, Everettia safriei sp. nov.; E, Everettia interior sp. nov.; F, Everettia subconsul east coast lowland; G, Everettia corrugata corrugata; H, Everettia jucundior sp. nov.; I, Everettia klemmantanica; J, Everettia lapidini sp. nov.
Figure 4. Animal head and body pigmentation. A in Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo
Figure 4. Animal head and body pigmentation. A, Everettia klemmantanica; B, Everettia interior sp. nov.; C, Everettia jucunda; D, Everettia themis; E, Everettia layanglayang sp. nov.; F, Everettia subconsul; G–I, possible hybrid of E. themis and E. subconsul.
FIG. 4. — A in The use of photographic color information for highthroughput phenotyping of pigment composition in Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Ohmi) Gurgel, J.N.Norris & Fredericq
FIG. 4. — A, After color correction procedures, color values estimated for four areas on the color card (i.e., black, white, red, and blue swatches) included in each photograph showed no significant differences among light condition groups (shapes); B, After color correction using values standardized using a color card, color traits (RGB values analyzed with PCA) were more similar within thallus (numbered clusters) than among light conditions (shapes), with a few exceptions. C, Centroids estimated for each thallus (numbered clusters) and light condition (shape and color) combination showed that some light conditions could be effectively standardized with color correction procedures (e.g. blue, direct sunlight, and white light), whereas thalli photographed under other conditions showed different color profiles even after correction (e.g. indirect sunlight (triangles), and to a lesser extend yellow light (boxed Xs).
FIG. 2 in The use of photographic color information for highthroughput phenotyping of pigment composition in Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Ohmi) Gurgel, J.N.Norris & Fredericq
FIG. 2. — Principal components of variation for: A, R, G, and B values; B, pigment variables. Arrow directions indicate the association of each variable to PC 1 and PC 2. Arrow length indicates the relative strength of the contribution of each variable. Point color reflects the average color of each thallus; C, the major axis of variation in pigments (PC1) is best predicted by a combination of color PC1 and PC2. The dashed line represents predicted values when PC2 is low, compared to when PC2 is high (solid line); D, pigment variation along PC2 is best predicted by color variation along PC2.
FIG. 1 in The use of photographic color information for highthroughput phenotyping of pigment composition in Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Ohmi) Gurgel, J.N.Norris & Fredericq
FIG. 1. — Agarophyton vermiculophyllum color variation. Photographs used for color information arranged (from top left) in rank order of increasing hue value. Lower right panel shows the color of the average RGB values estimated from each image. Labels indicated the region and site of origin for each thallus. Diameter of dish in each image is 100 mm.
FIG. 3 in The use of photographic color information for highthroughput phenotyping of pigment composition in Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Ohmi) Gurgel, J.N.Norris & Fredericq
FIG. 3. — Examples of images taken of the same thallus and color card under five light conditions (left column), and those same images after white balancing (right column). Width of the color card in each image is 178 mm.
Data and code for "Shining a Light on Duckweed: Exploring the Effects of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on Growth and Pigmentation"
<p>Data and code for a manuscript. First release.</p>
Data from: Coding-sequence evolution does not explain divergence in petal anthocyanin pigmentation between Mimulus luteus var. luteus and M. l. variegatus
<p><span>Biologists have long been interested in understanding genetic constraints on the evolution of development. For example, noncoding changes in a gene might be favored relative to coding changes due to being less constrained by pleiotropic effects. Here we evaluate the importance of coding-sequence changes to the recent evolution of a novel anthocyanin pigmentation trait in the monkeyflower genus <em>Mimulus</em>. The magenta-flowered <em>Mimulus</em> <em>luteus</em> var. <em>variegatus</em> recently gained petal lobe anthocyanin pigmentation via a single-locus Mendelian difference from its sister taxon, the yellow-flowered <em>M. l. luteus</em>. Previous work showed that the differentially expressed transcription factor gene <em>MYB5a</em>/<em>NEGAN</em> is the single causal gene. However, it was not clear whether <em>MYB5a</em> coding-sequence evolution (in addition to the observed patterns of differential expression) might also have contributed to increased anthocyanin production in <em>M. l. variegatus</em>. Quantitative image analysis of tobacco leaves, transfected with <em>MYB5a</em> coding sequence from each taxon, revealed robust anthocyanin production driven by both alleles. Counter to expectations, significantly higher anthocyanin production was driven by the allele from the low-anthocyanin <em>M. l. luteus.</em> Together with previously-published expression studies, this supports the hypothesis that petal pigment in <em>M. l. variegatus</em> was not gained by protein-coding changes, but instead solely via non-coding cis-regulatory evolution. Finally, while constructing the transgenes needed for this experiment, we unexpectedly discovered two sites in <em>MYB5a</em> that appear to be post-transcriptionally edited – a phenomenon that has been rarely reported, and even less often explored, for nuclear-encoded plant mRNAs.</span></p>
Data from: Predictive links between petal color and pigment quantities in natural Penstemon hybrids
<p class="MsoNormal">Flowers have evolved remarkable diversity in petal color, in large part due to pollinator-mediated selection. This diversity arises from specialized metabolic pathways that generate conspicuous pigments. Despite the clear link between flower color and floral pigment production, studies determining predictive relationships between pigmentation and petal color are currently lacking. In this study, we analyze a dataset consisting of hundreds of natural <em>Penstemon</em> hybrids that exhibit variation in flower color, including blue, purple, pink, and red. For each individual hybrid, we measured anthocyanin pigment content and petal spectral reflectance. We found that floral pigment quantities are correlated with hue, chroma, and brightness as calculated from petal spectral reflectance data: hue is related to the relative amounts of delphinidin vs. pelargonidin pigmentation, whereas brightness and chroma are correlated with the total anthocyanin pigmentation. We used a partial least squares regression approach to identify predictive relationships between pigment production and petal reflectance. We find that pigment quantity data provide robust predictions of petal reflectance, confirming a pervasive assumption that differences in pigmentation should predictably influence flower color. Moreover, we find that reflectance data enables accurate inferences of pigment quantities, where the full reflectance spectra provide much more accurate inference of pigment quantities than spectral attributes (brightness, chroma, and hue). Our predictive framework provides readily interpretable model coefficients relating spectral attributes of petal reflectance to underlying pigment quantities. These relationships represent key links between genetic changes affecting anthocyanin production and ecological functions of petal coloration.</p>
Рис. 26. Сравнение среΑних значений частоты изменчивости эΛементов рисунка и инΑекса пигментации Mesobuthus eupeus в посеΛениях из разнотипных (А) и оΑнотипных (В) биотопов в кажΑой из выборок: I – Северо-ЗапаΑный Гобустан; II – Северо-Восточный Гобустан; III – ЦентраΛьный Гобустан; IV – Юго-Восточный Гобустан; V – Юго-Восточный Ширван. ИнΑекс корреΛяции r в преΑеΛах 0.744–0.989; p <0.05. Fig. 26. Comparison of the average values of the frequency of variability of pattern elements and the pigmentation index of Mesobuthus eupeus in conglomerations from habitats of different types (A) and of the same type (B) in each sample: I – northwestern Gobustan; II – northeastern Gobustan; III – central Gobustan; IV – southeastern Gobustan; V – southeastern Shirvan. Correlation index r = 0.744–0.989; p <0.05. in Materials on the colour pattern variability of Mesobuthus eupeus (C.L. Koch, 1839) (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in southeastern Shirvan and Gobustan (Eastern Azerbaijan)
Рис. 26. Сравнение среΑних значений частоты изменчивости эΛементов рисунка и инΑекса пигментации Mesobuthus eupeus в посеΛениях из разнотипных (А) и оΑнотипных (В) биотопов в кажΑой из выборок: I – Северо-ЗапаΑный Гобустан; II – Северо-Восточный Гобустан; III – ЦентраΛьный Гобустан; IV – Юго-Восточный Гобустан; V – Юго-Восточный Ширван. ИнΑекс корреΛяции r в преΑеΛах 0.744–0.989; p <0.05. Fig. 26. Comparison of the average values of the frequency of variability of pattern elements and the pigmentation index of Mesobuthus eupeus in conglomerations from habitats of different types (A) and of the same type (B) in each sample: I – northwestern Gobustan; II – northeastern Gobustan; III – central Gobustan; IV – southeastern Gobustan; V – southeastern Shirvan. Correlation index r = 0.744–0.989; p <0.05.
figure 3 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles
figure 3 Variation in body pigmentation between different background coloration treatments during ethe xperimental time in H. arborea tadpoles. dl – dark-light treatment; d – dark treatment; dd – darkdark treatment; ld – light-dark treatment; l – light treatment; ll – light-light treatment
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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