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64 results for “placoderm”
FIG. 7 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)
FIG. 7. — Left orbit of Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.1992-6-139): A, lateral view; B, interpretation. Arrows indicate anterior. Abbreviations: II, groove for the optic nerve; III, oculomotor nerve foramen; III p, foramen for oculomotor nerve posterior branch; IV, trochlear nerve foramen; V1, foramen for trigeminal nerve profundus branch; a.c.v, anterior cerebral vein; c.v.pit, pituitary vein canal; eys, eyestalk attachment area; my3, myodome for oculomotorius-innervated eye muscle (superior rectus?). Scale bars: 0.5 cm.
FIG. 6. — Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)
FIG. 6. — Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n. sp. occipital area of the holotype (MNHN.F.1992-6-132): A, occipital view; B, interpretation. Abbreviations: c.c, canal of endocranial extension of notochord; c.e, cranial cavity (foramen magnum); d.art, dermal articular area; m.o.fo, muscular occipital fossa; pr.gl, glenoid process. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 9 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)
FIG. 9. — Reconstructions of the skull roof of: A, the arthrodire Simblaspis cachensis Denison, 1958 (modified after Denison 1958); B, the petalichthyid Lunaspis broilii Gross, 1937 (modified after Goujet 1972); C, the acanthothoracid Romundina stellina Orvig, 1975 (modified after Goujet & Young 2004). Arrows indicate anterior. Labels in italics indicate the sensory line system; regular labels indicate the skull bones. Abbreviations: Al, anterior lateral plate; cc, central sensory line groove; Ce, central plate; cu.so, cutaneous sensory organ; d.end, endolymphatic duct opening; ifc, infraorbital sensory line groove; lc, main lateral sensory line groove; Mg, marginal plate; mpl, middle pit line; Nu, nuchal plate; occ, occipital cross commissure; Pan.a, anterior paranuchal plate; Pan.m, medial paranuchal plate; Pan.p, posterior paranuchal plate; pfc, profundus sensory line groove; Pi, pineal plate; pmc, postmarginal sensory line groove; Pmg, postmarginal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; ppl.a, posterior pit line anterior part; ppl.p, posterior pit line posterior part; Prm, premedian plate; Pro, preorbital plate; Ptn, postnasal plate; Pto, postorbital plate; Ro, rostral plate; Rp, rostropineal plate; Sm, submarginal plate; soc, supraorbital sensory line groove. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 2 cm; C, 0.5 cm.
FIG. 4 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)
FIG. 4. — Incomplete skull roofs of Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n. sp. in dorsal views: A, MNHN.F.1992-6-138; B, MNHN.F.1992-6-137; C, MNHN.F.1992-6-139. Arrows indicate anterior. Labels in italics indicate the sensory line system; regular labels indicate the skull bones. Abbreviations: Ce, central plate; d.end, endolymphatic duct opening; lc, main lateral sensory line groove; Nu, nuchal plate; pmc, postmarginal sensory line canal; Pan.a, anterior paranuchal plate; Pan.m, medial paranuchal plate; Pan.p, posterior paranuchal plate; ppl.p, posterior pit line posterior part; Pro, preorbital plate; soc, supraorbital sensory line groove. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 3 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)
FIG. 3. — Incomplete skull roofs of Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n. sp. in dorsal views: A, B, MNHN.F.1992-6-132, holotype and skull roof reconstruction; C, D, MNHN.F.1992-6-133, original specimen and outline drawing of the bone suture pattern. Arrows indicate anterior. The grey area indicates the missing external bone. Labels in italics indicate the sensory line system; regular labels indicate the skull bones. Abbreviations: Ce, central plate; d.end, endolymphatic duct opening; lc, main lateral sensory line groove; Mg, marginal plate, m.o.fo, muscular occipital fossa; mpl, middle pit line; Nu, nuchal plate; Pan.a, anterior paranuchal plate; Pan.m, medial paranuchal plate; Pan.p, posterior paranuchal plate; pmc, postmarginal sensory line canal; ppl.a, posterior pit line anterior part; ppl.p, posterior pit line posterior part; Pro, preorbital plate; Pto, postorbital plate; soc, supraorbital sensory line groove. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 2 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)
FIG. 2. — Incomplete skull roofs of Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n. sp. in dorsal views: A, B, MNHN.F.1992-6-134, original specimen and skull roof reconstruction; C, D, MNHN.F.1992-6-135, original specimen and outline drawing of the bone suture pattern. Arrows indicate anterior. Labels in italics indicate the sensory line system; regular labels indicate the skull bones. Abbreviations: Ce, central plate; d.end, endolymphatic duct opening; lc, main lateral sensory line groove; Mg, marginal plate; mpl, middle pit line; Nu, nuchal plate; Pan.a, anterior paranuchal plate; Pan.m, medial paranuchal plate; Pan.p, posterior paranuchal plate; pmc, postmarginal sensory line canal; ppl.a, posterior pit line anterior part; ppl.p, posterior pit line posterior part; Pro, preorbital plate; PtC, posterior central plate; Pto, postorbital plate; soc, supraorbital sensory line groove. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 1 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)
FIG. 1. — Geographical and geological settings the Qasr Limestone Member: A, Al Qalibah quadrangle; B, Al Huj section through the Jauf Formation; fish symbol represents the stratigraphical horizon where the material has been found (modified after Lelièvre et al. 1999).
FIG. 5 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)
FIG. 5. — Endocranium of Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n. sp. as preserved in the holotype (MNHN.F.1992-6-132): A, ventral view; B, reconstruction. Arrows indicate anterior. Abbreviations: IV, trochlear nerve foramen; V, trigeminal nerve foramen; V1, foramen for trigeminal nerve profundus branch; V+VII, trigemino-facial duct; VI, abducens nerve canal and foramen; VII hm, foramen for hyomandibular branch of facial nerve; VIII, acoustic nerve canal; IX, glossopharyngeus nerve tract; X, vagus nerve canal; X1, foramen of the vagus nerve anterior branch; c.e, cranial cavity; c.v.ju, jugular vein canal; c.v.pit, pituitary vein canal; d.art, dermal articular area; fo.hy, hyoidean fossa; fo.pbr, peribranchial fossa; my6, myodome for abducens-innervated eye muscle; orb, orbit; pr.apo, anterior postorbital process; pr.gl, glenoid process; pr.ppo, posterior postorbital process; pr.sv, supravagal process; ru, utricular recess; sac, sacculus; v.hm, hyoid veins foramina. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 5. — Placoderm scales from sample C925 in Earliest Devonian gnathostome microremains from central New South Wales (Australia)
FIG. 5. — Placoderm scales from sample C925, Cookeys Plains Formation (early Lochkovian), central New South Wales, Australia; A, romundinid dermal bone fragment with thin base, MMMC02628; B, romundinid dermal plate fragment MMMC02629 showing edge ornament; C, romundinid scale MMMC02630, latero-crown view; D, romundinid scale MMMC02631, crown view; E, F, romundinid dermal plate fragment MMMC02632, showing thick cross-section, and close-up of ornament tubercles; G,?brindabellaspid scale MMMC02633. Scale bars: A, C, D, F, G, 0.1 mm; B, E, 1.0 mm.
Fig. 3. Confractamnis johnjelli n.gen. and n in A New Middle Devonian Arthrodire (Placoderm Fish) from the Broken River Area, Queensland
Fig. 3. Confractamnis johnjelli n.gen. and n.sp.
Dataset of antiarch placoderms (the most basal jawed vertebrates) throughout Middle Paleozoic
<p>This dataset is derived from the DeepBone database (www.deepbone.org), which is constructed with the support of "Big Earth Data Science Engineering (CASEarth)" in the Strategic Priority Research Program. Because no automatic method could extract the paleontological data from literature reliably, we invited researchers and students to contribute data in their research fields. This dataset, which was extracted manually from 126 published papers or books from 1939 to 2021, consists of 64 genera and 6025 records, covering all antiarch lineages. We transferred the unstructured data from the literature to structured data for further research as detailed as possible. The 6025 records include 5867 fossil specimens that had been systematically described and documented, and 158 virtual specimens, which were introduced to describe the taxon information when no specimen was assigned for the referred records. Each record has at least one reference within our dataset. This is the most comprehensive dataset of Antiarcha up to now.</p>
Data for: A new ‘acanthothoracid’ placoderm from the Arctic Canada (Early Devonian) and its bearing on the evolution of jaws and teeth
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Was the Devonian placoderm Titanichthys a suspension-feeder?
<p><span>Large nektonic suspension-feeders have evolved multiple times. The apparent trend among apex predators for some evolving into feeding on small zooplankton is of interest for understanding the associated shifts in anatomy and behaviour while the spatial and temporal distribution gives clues to an inherent relationship with ocean primary productivity and how past and future perturbations to these may impact on the different tiers of the food web. The evolution of large nektonic suspension-feeders - 'gentle giants' - occurred 4 times among chondrichthyan fishes (e.g. whale sharks, basking sharks and manta rays), as well as in baleen whales (mysticetes), the Mesozoic pachycormid fishes and at least twice in radiodontan stem group arthropods (Anomalocaridids) during the Cambrian Explosion. The Late Devonian placoderm <i>Titanichthys</i> has tentatively been considered to have been a megaplanktivore, primarily due to its gigantic size and narrow, edentulous jaws while no suspension-feeding apparatus have ever been reported. Here the potential for microphagy and other feeding behaviours in <i>Titanichthys</i> is assessed via a comparative study of jaw mechanics in <i>Titanichthys</i> and other placoderms with presumably differing feeding habits (macrophagy and durophagy). Finite element models of the lower jaws of <i>Titanichthys termieri</i> in comparison to <i>Dunkleosteus terrelli</i> and <i>Tafilalichthys lavocati</i> reveal considerably less resistance to von Mises stress in this taxon. Comparisons with a selection of large-bodied extant taxa of similar ecological diversity reveals similar disparities in jaw stress resistance. Our results therefore conform to the hypothesis that <i>Titanichthys</i> was a suspension-feeder with jaws ill-suited for biting and crushing but well suited for gaping ram feeding.</span></p>
CT and 3D Data from: A large Middle Devonian eubrachythoracid 'placoderm' (Arthrodira) jaw from northern Gondwana
<p><em>Leptodontichthys ziregensis</em> is a newly described eubrachythoracid arthrodire from the Middle Devonian of Morocco. Only the posterior superognathal is preserved, it possesses features which were, so far, seen in Late Devonian forms. The jaw bone presents two sets of teeth, one lateral and one posterior, with dentinous tissue, pulp cavities and vascular canals preserved. The CT scans provided here are the ones used for the study. The complete jaw data was used for the overall study and the closeup data was used for the segmentation of the teeth. The ply data is provided to provide the information extracted by the authors during the study.</p>
Feeding in the Devonian antiarch placoderm fishes: a study based upon morpho-functional analysis of jaws
<p><span>Antiarch placoderm fishes were an abundant component of the Middle Paleozoic vertebrate assemblages. Despite a large number of known taxa and specimens, the morphology and function of the skeletal elements of their jaws is inadequately known. Because of this, questions regarding their feeding modes and their roles in the trophic webs remains open. We present a skeleto-muscular model of the antiarch jaw apparatus with an attempt to reconstruct its potential biomechanical function. The position of the upper jaw suborbital bones within the plane of the ventral side of the fish armor is suggested to represent the natural 'mouth closed' position. During mouth opening the suborbitals rotated rostrally with simultaneous depression and inward rotation of the infragnathals. The ball-and-socket jaw articulation might ensure this combined movement. Recently described lower jaw elements of <em>Livnolepis zadonica</em> (Obrucheva, 1983) and <em>Bothriolepis</em> sp. from the Upper Devonian (Lower Famennian) of Central Russia demonstrating very deep and porous blades of the oral division of the infragnathals attracted attention as to the structure of these bones in other antiarchs. Observed porosity reflects intense vascularization to supply blood to a connective tissue underlying a supposed keratinous sheath, which protected and strengthened the jaws, as well as made possible scraping tough food objects, such as thallus algae, from the substrate. </span></p> <p><span>Having evolved during the Silurian in the Pan-Cathaysian zoogeographical province, antiarchs migrated to Gondwana during the Emsian and later to Euramerica during the Eifelian. Supposedly, antiarchs became the first macrophytophagous vertebrates occupying the trophic level of primary consumers during the late Silurian – early Devonian. This event diversified the only previously existing predator-prey interrelationships between filter-feeding agnathans and predatory gnathostomes. </span></p>
Data from: New findings in a 400 million-year-old Devonian placoderm shed light on jaw structure and function in basal gnathostomes
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Was the Devonian placoderm Titanichthys a suspension-feeder?
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Feeding in the Devonian antiarch placoderm fishes: a study based upon morpho-functional analysis of jaws
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CT and 3D Data from: A large Middle Devonian eubrachythoracid ‘placoderm’ (Arthrodira) jaw from northern Gondwana
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Data from: Characterization of the placoderm (Gnathostomata) assemblage from the tetrapod-bearing locality of Strud (Belgium, Upper Famennian)
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