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91 results for “plant height”
Plant heights from permanent plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated marsh, Nelson Island, Parker River National Wildlife Refuge, Plum Island Ecosystems LTER, MA (2019-2025).
Plant heights are measured during the growing season in permanent plots at a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh on Nelson Island, Parker River National Wildlife Refuge, within the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER site. Plant heights are converted to plant weight using an algorithm to generate a non-destructive estimate of aboveground plant biomass.
SEV-LTER quadrat plant species cover and height all sites and experiments
This dataset includes plant species cover and height data measured in 1 m x 1 m quadrats at several sites and experiments under the Sevilleta LTER program. Quadrat locations span four distinct ecosystems and their ecotones: creosotebush dominated Chihuahuan Desert shrubland (est. winter 1999), black grama-dominated Chihuahuan Desert grassland (est. winter 1999), blue grama-dominated Plains grassland (est. winter 2002), and pinon-juniper woodland (est. winter 2003). Data on plant cover and height for each plant species are collected per individual plant or patch (for clonal plants) within 1 m x 1 m quadrats. These data inform population dynamics of foundational and rare plant species. In addition, using plant allometries, these non-destructive measurements of plant cover and height can be used to calculate net primary production (NPP), a fundamental ecosystem variable that quantifies rates of carbon consumption and fixation. Estimates of plant species cover, total plant biomass, or NPP can inform understanding of biodiversity, species composition, and energy flow at the community scale of biological organization, as well as spatial and temporal responses of plants to a range of ecological processes and direct experimental manipulations. The cover and height of individual plants or patches are sampled twice yearly (spring and fall) in permanent 1m x 1m plots within each site or experiment. This dataset includes core site monitoring data (CORE, GRIDS, ISOWEB, TOWER), observations in response to wildfire (BURN), and experimental treatments of extreme drought and delayed monsoon rainfall (EDGE), physical disturbance to biological soil crusts on the soil surface (CRUST), interannual variability in precipitation (MEANVAR), intra-annual variability via additions of monsoon rainfall (MRME), additions of nitrogen as ammonium nitrate (FERTILIZER), additions of nitrogen x phosphorus x potassium (NutNet), and interacting effects of nighttime warming, nitrogen addition, and El Ni
Fall 2003 plant monitoring survey -- shoot height and flowering status of plants in permanent plots at GCE sampling sites 1-10
A quadrat survey was conducted in October 2003 to measure the species and size distribution of plants at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites. The quadrats were established as permanent plots at GCE sampling sites in October 2000 by placing wooden stakes at random locations across two nominal zones at each site, designated based on marsh structure (creekbank and high marsh). Several new plots were also added in October 2001, 2002 and 2003 to replace those lost due to catastrophic wrack disturbance or creek bank erosion. The plots were visually surveyed and the species, shoot height, and flowering status was recorded individually for each shoot over 10 cm in height present in each plot. Observations from plots exhibiting signs of disturbance were noted in the data set. This survey will be repeated annually to assess changes in plant distribution and biomass in relation to environmental changes documented by other GCE LTER monitoring efforts.
Fall 2003 plant monitoring survey -- biomass calculated from shoot height and flowering status of plants in permanent plots at GCE sampling sites 1-10
The biomass of plants surveyed in permanent plots at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites in October 2003 was estimated based on allometric relationships between biomass and shoot height and flowering status derived for each site, zone, and species in October 2002. Biomass was only calculated for dominant species, including Spartina alterniflora, S. cynosuroides, Juncus roemerianus, and Zizaniopsis miliacea. This data set is based on GCE plant monitoring survey data set PLT-GCEM-0311a, and allometric relationships were based on GCE data set PLT-GCEM-0211b.
Fall 2004 plant monitoring survey -- shoot height and flowering status of plants in permanent plots at GCE sampling sites 1-10
A quadrat survey was conducted in October 2004 to measure the species and size distribution of plants at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites. The quadrats were established as permanent plots at GCE sampling sites in October 2000 by placing wooden stakes at random locations across two nominal zones at each site, designated based on marsh structure (creekbank and high marsh). Several new plots were also added in October 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 to replace those lost due to catastrophic wrack disturbance or creek bank erosion. The plots were visually surveyed and the species, shoot height, and flowering status was recorded individually for each shoot over 10 cm in height present in each plot. Observations from plots exhibiting signs of disturbance were noted in the data set. This survey will be repeated annually to assess changes in plant distribution and biomass in relation to environmental changes documented by other GCE LTER monitoring efforts.
Fall 2004 plant monitoring survey -- biomass calculated from shoot height and flowering status of plants in permanent plots at GCE sampling sites 1-10
The biomass of plants surveyed in permanent plots at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites in October 2004 was estimated based on allometric relationships between biomass and shoot height and flowering status derived for each site, zone, and species in October 2002. Biomass was only calculated for dominant species, including Spartina alterniflora, S. cynosuroides, Juncus roemerianus, and Zizaniopsis miliacea. This data set is based on GCE plant monitoring survey data set PLT-GCEM-0501a, and allometric relationships were based on GCE data set PLT-GCEM-0211b.
Fall 2005 plant monitoring survey -- shoot height and flowering status of plants in permanent plots at GCE sampling sites 1-10
A quadrat survey was conducted in October 2005 to measure the species and size distribution of plants at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites. The quadrats were established as permanent plots at GCE sampling sites in October 2000 by placing wooden stakes at random locations across two nominal zones at each site, designated based on marsh structure (creekbank and high marsh). Several new plots were also added in October 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 to replace those lost due to catastrophic wrack disturbance or creek bank erosion. The plots were visually surveyed and the species, shoot height, and flowering status was recorded individually for each shoot over 10 cm in height present in each plot. Observations from plots exhibiting signs of disturbance were noted in the data set. This survey will be repeated annually to assess changes in plant distribution and biomass in relation to environmental changes documented by other GCE LTER monitoring efforts.
Fall 2005 plant monitoring survey -- biomass calculated from shoot height and flowering status of plants in permanent plots at GCE sampling sites 1-10
The biomass of plants surveyed in permanent plots at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites in October 2005 was estimated based on allometric relationships between biomass and shoot height and flowering status derived for each site, zone, and species in October 2002. Biomass was only calculated for dominant species, including Spartina alterniflora, S. cynosuroides, Juncus roemerianus, and Zizaniopsis miliacea. This data set is based on GCE plant monitoring survey data set PLT-GCEM-0511a, and allometric relationships were based on GCE data set PLT-GCEM-0211b.
Fall 2006 plant monitoring survey -- shoot height and flowering status of plants in permanent plots at GCE sampling sites 1-10
A quadrat survey was conducted in October 2006 to measure the species and size distribution of plants at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites. The quadrats were established as permanent plots at GCE sampling sites in October 2000 by placing wooden stakes at random locations across two nominal zones at each site, designated based on marsh structure (creekbank and high marsh). Several new plots were also added in October 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 to replace those lost due to catastrophic wrack disturbance or creek bank erosion. The plots were visually surveyed and the species, shoot height, and flowering status was recorded individually for each shoot over 10 cm in height present in each plot. Observations from plots exhibiting signs of disturbance were noted in the data set. This survey will be repeated annually to assess changes in plant distribution and biomass in relation to environmental changes documented by other GCE LTER monitoring efforts.
Fall 2006 plant monitoring survey -- biomass calculated from shoot height and flowering status of plants in permanent plots at GCE sampling sites 1-10
The biomass of plants surveyed in permanent plots at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites in October 2006 was estimated based on allometric relationships between biomass and shoot height and flowering status derived for each site, zone, and species in October 2002. Biomass was only calculated for dominant species, including Spartina alterniflora, S. cynosuroides, Juncus roemerianus, and Zizaniopsis miliacea. This data set is based on GCE plant monitoring survey data set PLT-GCEM-0612a, and allometric relationships were based on GCE data set PLT-GCEM-0211b.
Quarterly plant monitoring survey -- shoot height and flowering status and calculated biomass of plants in three GCE LTER permanent monitoring plots (7,8,9) and three Altamaha River plant transition sites (SCSA,ZSC1,ZSC2) following hurricane Irma from October 2017 through October 2018.
The biomass of plants surveyed in permanent plots at 3 GCE LTER sampling sites (7,8,9) and 3 Altamaha River plant transition sites (SCSA, ZSC1, ZSC2) following hurricane Irma from October 2017 through October 2018. October data are duplicates of data from the annual fall monitoring data sets but are included here for completeness. The plots were visually surveyed and the species, shoot height, and flowering status was recorded individually for each shoot over 10 cm in height present in each plot. Observations from plots exhibiting signs of disturbance were noted in a separate data set (PLT-IRMA-2002a). Biomass twas estimated based on allometric relationships between biomass and shoot height and flowering status derived for each site, zone, and species in October 2002 and October 2008. Biomass was calculated for dominant species, including Spartina alterniflora, S. cynosuroides, Juncus roemerianus, and Zizaniopsis miliacea, as well as rarer species including Scirpus spp, Panicum spp. And Typha angustifolia. This data set is based on GCE plant monitoring survey data set PLT-GCEM-1711a, and allometric relationships were based on GCE data sets PLT-GCEM-0211b and PLT-GCEM-0812a. NOTE: These relationships were measured in the fall and may not be valid at other seasons.
Fall 2000 plant monitoring survey -- biomass calculated from shoot height and flowering status of plants in permanent plots at GCE sampling sites 1-10
The biomass of plants surveyed in permanent plots at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites in October 2000 was estimated based on allometric relationships between biomass and shoot height and flowering status derived for each site, zone, and species in October 2002. Biomass was only calculated for dominant species, including Spartina alterniflora, S. cynosuroides, Juncus roemerianus, and Zizaniopsis miliacea. This data set is based on GCE plant monitoring survey data set PLT-GCEM-0101, and allometric relationships were based on GCE data set PLT-GCEM-0211b.
Fall 2001 plant monitoring survey -- biomass calculated from shoot height and flowering status of plants in permanent plots at GCE sampling sites 1-10
The biomass of plants surveyed in permanent plots at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites in October 2001 was estimated based on allometric relationships between biomass and shoot height and flowering status derived for each site, zone, and species in October 2002. Biomass was only calculated for dominant species, including Spartina alterniflora, S. cynosuroides, Juncus roemerianus, and Zizaniopsis miliacea. This data set is based on GCE plant monitoring survey data set PLT-GCEM-0110, and allometric relationships were based on GCE data set PLT-GCEM-0211b.
Fall 2002 plant monitoring survey -- biomass calculated from shoot height and flowering status of plants in permanent plots at GCE sampling sites 1-10
The biomass of plants surveyed in permanent plots at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites in October 2002 was estimated based on allometric relationships between biomass and shoot height and flowering status derived for each site, zone, and species in October 2002. Biomass was only calculated for dominant species, including Spartina alterniflora, S. cynosuroides, Juncus roemerianus, and Zizaniopsis miliacea. This data set is based on GCE plant monitoring survey data set PLT-GCEM-0211, and allometric relationships were based on GCE data set PLT-GCEM-0211b.
Grass exposure, mesquite height, and plant greenness at a Jornada Basin LTER sand-sheet site, July and September 2019
Two large wind storms in March and April, 2019 caused severe erosion and exposed the roots of many grass patches in the wind-erodible "sand sheet" of the Jornada LTER. These data are from these wind-affected areas. Field transect measurements of grass cover (line-point intercept, grass plants with exposed roots (1-m belt transect), grass plants with green shoots (1-m belt transect), mesquite (PRGL) height (maximum height of cord on transect for each individual) for 18 transects in the sandy loam "sand sheet" geomorphic surface of Jornada. Also included are histograms of UAV-based measurements of green chromatic coordinate (GCC) and grass patch size (cm2) for individual grass patches within each 1-m belt transect.
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) plants greater than 1 centimeter diameter at breast height (DBH)
Plant diameters and growth measurements were taken both before and after treatments to determine how alterations in canopy openness and detritus affect measures of growth, mortality, and production. Both types of trimmed plots are predicted to have relatively quick evidence of re-sprouting (1-3 months; based on Hurricane Hugo studies), especially palms. Because essentially complete defoliation to the canopy took place in the trim plots, the large stems that were trimmed should experience delayed growth and higher mortality than those in non-trimmed plots. The understory vegetation, or otherwise those that were not trimmed (i.e., stems <10cm at dbh) should experience increased growth in both trim plots as a result of increased light. Some nutrient immobilization may occur in the detritus addition plots, but this is predicted to affect belowground processes most. Little influence on aboveground processes from detritus addition might occur and cause some stunted growth rates of stems. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
SEV-LTER Mean - Variance Experiment Quadrat Plant Species Cover and Height
We designed novel field experimental infrastructure to resolve the relative importance of changes in the climate mean and variance in regulating the structure and function of dryland populations, communities, and ecosystem processes. The Mean - Variance Climate Experiment (MVE) adds three novel elements to prior designs that have manipulated interannual variance in climate in the field (Gherardi & Sala, 2013) by (i) determining interactive effects of mean and variance with a factorial design that crosses reduced mean with increased variance, (ii) studying multiple dryland biomes to compare their susceptibility to transition under interactive climate drivers, and (iii) adding stochasticity to our treatments to permit the antecedent effects that occur under natural climate variability. This new infrastructure enables direct experimental tests of the hypothesis that interactions between the mean and variance of precipitation will have larger ecological impacts than either the mean or variance in precipitation alone. This dataset includes plant species cover and height data measured in 1 m x 1 m quadrats at all Mean - Variance experiment sites. Quadrat locations span five important ecosystems of the American southwest: blue grama-dominated Plains grassland (est. fall 2019), black grama-dominated Chihuahuan Desert grassland (est. fall 2020), creosotebush dominated Chihuahuan Desert shrubland (est. fall 2021), juniper savanna (est. fall 2022) and pinon-juniper woodland (est. fall 2023). Data on plant cover and height for each plant species are collected per individual plant or patch (for clonal plants) within 1 m x 1 m quadrats. These data inform population dynamics of foundational and rare plant species. The cover and height of individual plants or patches are sampled twice yearly (spring and fall) in permanent 1m x 1m plots within each site or experiment. This data package includes plant cover and height only -- for species biomass estimates per quad see package knb-lte
1-km forest tree height, cover, plant area index, and foliage height diversity for the CONUS
<p>Consistent and spatially explicit periodic monitoring of forest structure is essential for estimating forest-related carbon emissions, analyzing forest degradation, and supporting sustainable forest management policies. To date, few products are available that allow for continental to global operational monitoring of changes in canopy structure. In this study, we explored the synergy between the NASA’s spaceborne Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) waveform LiDAR and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data to produce spatially explicit and consistent annual maps of canopy height (CH), percent canopy cover (PCC), plant area index (PAI), and foliage height diversity (FHD) across the conterminous United States (CONUS) at 1-km resolution for 2013-2020. The accuracies of the annual maps were assessed using forest structure attribute derived from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data acquired between 2013 and 2020 for the 48 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) field sites distributed across the CONUS. The root mean square error (RMSE) values of the annual canopy height maps as compared with the ALS reference data varied from a minimum of 3.31-m for 2020 to a maximum of 4.19-m for 2017. Similarly, the RMSE values for PCC ranged between 8% (2020) and 11% (all other years). Qualitative evaluations of the annual maps using time series of very high-resolution images further suggested that the VIIRS-derived products could capture both large and “more” subtle changes in forest structure associated with partial harvesting, wind damage, wildfires, and other environmental stresses.</p>
Fall 2000 plant monitoring survey -- shoot height and flowering status of plants in permanent plots at GCE sampling sites 1-10
A quadrat survey was conducted in October 2000 to measure the species and size distribution of plants in the permanent plots at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites. The permanent plots were subdivided into two nominal zones (creek and high marsh), and 8 quadrats were randomly placed within each zone. The species, shoot height, and flowering status was recorded individually for each plant present in each quadrat. This survey will be repeated annually to assess changes in plant distribution and biomass in relation to environmental changes documented by other GCE LTER monitoring efforts.
Fall 2002 plant monitoring survey -- shoot height and flowering status of plants in permanent plots at GCE sampling sites 1-10
A quadrat survey was conducted in October 2002 to measure the species and size distribution of plants at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites. The quadrats were established as permanent plots at GCE sampling sites in October 2000 by placing wooden stakes at random locations across two nominal zones at each site, designated based on marsh structure (creekbank and high marsh). Several new plots were also added in October 2002 to replace those lost due to catastrophic wrack disturbance or creek bank erosion. The plots were visually surveyed and the species, shoot height, and flowering status was recorded individually for each shoot over 10 cm in height present in each plot. Observations from plots exhibiting signs of disturbance were noted in the data set. This survey will be repeated annually to assess changes in plant distribution and biomass in relation to environmental changes documented by other GCE LTER monitoring efforts.
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