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62 results for “plant mating”
Data from: The effect of pollen limitation on the evolution of mating system and seed size in hermaphroditic plants
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Data from: Reproductive system of a mixed-mating plant responds to climate perturbation by increased selfing
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Data from: Pollination, mating and reproductive fitness in a plant population with bimodal floral-tube length
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Data from: How the truffle got its mate: insights from genetic structure in spontaneous and planted Mediterranean populations of Tuber melanosporum
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Data from: Lateralized courtship behaviors and mating success in Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): A population-level study on maize plants under greenhouse conditions
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Data from: Use of an exotic host plant affects mate choice in an insect herbivore
The colonization of exotic plants by herbivorous insects has provided opportunities for investigating causes and consequences associated with the evolution of niche breadth. The butterfly Lycaeides melissa utilizes exotic alfalfa, Medicago sativa, which is a relatively poor larval resource, and previous studies have found that caterpillars that consume M. sativa develop into smaller and less fecund adults. Here we investigate the effect of smaller female body size on male mate preference, a previously unexplored consequence of novel host use. Smaller females, which developed on the exotic host, were less likely to be visited by males. This result was confirmed with a second set of choice tests involving females reared on a single plant species, thus ruling out host-specific confounding factors. We suggest that an effect on mate choice be considered as part of the complex suite of factors determining persistence of herbivorous insects following colonization of new habitats or resources.
Data from: Analysis of inbreeding depression in mixed-mating plants provides evidence for selective interference and stable mixed mating
Hermaphroditic individuals can produce both selfed and outcrossed progeny, termed mixed mating. General theory predicts that mixed-mating populations should evolve quickly toward high rates of selfing, driven by rapid purging of genetic load and loss of inbreeding depression (ID), but the substantial number of mixed-mating species observed in nature calls this prediction into question. Greater average ID reported for selfing than for outcrossing populations is consistent with purging and suggests that mixed-mating taxa in evolutionary transition will have intermediate ID. We compared the magnitude of ID from published estimates for highly selfing (r > 0.8), mixed-mating (0.2 < r > 0.8), and highly outcrossing (r < 0.2) plant populations across 58 species. We found that mixed-mating and outcrossing taxa have equally high average lifetime ID (d = 0.58 and 0.54, respectively) and similar ID at each of four life-cycle stages. These results are not consistent with evolution toward selfing in most mixed-mating taxa. We suggest that prevention of purging by selective interference could explain stable mixed mating in many natural populations. We identify critical gaps in the empirical data on inbreeding depression and outline key approaches to filling them.
Data from: Insect mating signal and mate preference phenotypes covary among host plant genotypes
Sexual selection acting on small initial differences in mating signals and mate preferences can enhance signal-preference co-divergence and reproductive isolation during speciation. However, the origin of initial differences in sexual traits remains unclear. We asked whether biotic environments, a source of variation in sexual traits, may provide a general solution to this problem. Specifically, we asked whether genetic variation in biotic environments provided by host plants can result in signal-preference phenotypic covariance in a host-specific, plant-feeding insect. We used a member of the Enchenopa binotata species complex of treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) to assess patterns of variation in male mating signals and female mate preferences induced by genetic variation in host plants. We employed a novel implementation of a quantitative genetics method, rearing field-collected treehoppers on a sample of naturally-occurring replicated host plant clone lines. We found remarkably high signal-preference covariance among host plant genotypes. Thus, genetic variation in biotic environments influences the sexual phenotypes of organisms living on those environment in a way that promotes assortative mating among environments. This consequence arises from conditions likely to be common in nature (phenotypic plasticity and variation in biotic environments). It therefore offers a general answer to how divergent sexual selection may begin.
Data from: Plant odour and sex pheromone are integral elements of specific mate recognition in an insect herbivore
Specific mate recognition relies on the chemical senses in most animals, and especially in nocturnal insects. Two signal types mediate premating olfactory communication in terrestrial habitats: sex pheromones, which blend into an atmosphere of plant odorants. We show that host plant volatiles affect the perception of sex pheromone in males of the African cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis and that pheromone and plant volatiles are not perceived as independent messages. In clean air, S. littoralis males are attracted to single synthetic pheromone components or even the pheromone of a sibling species, Oriental cotton leafworm S. litura. Presence of host plant volatiles, however, reduces the male response to deficient or heterospecific pheromone signals. That plant cues enhance discrimination of sex pheromone quality confirms the idea that specific mate recognition in noctuid moths has evolved in concert with adaptation to host plants. Shifts in either female host preference or sex pheromone biosynthesis give rise to new communication channels that have the potential to initiate or contribute to reproductive isolation.
Data from Hildesheim LS, Opedal ØH, Armbruster WS, Pélabon C. 2019. Quantitative and qualitative consequences of reduced pollen loads in a mixed-mating plant. Ecology and Evolution.
<p class="Normal1">Greater pollination intensity can enhance maternal plant fitness by increasing seed set and seed quality as a result of more intense pollen competition or enhanced genetic sampling. We tested experimentally these effects by varying the pollen load from a single pollen donor on stigmas of female flowers of <i>Dalechampia scandens </i>(Euphorbiaceae) and measuring the effects on seed number and seed mass.<b> </b>Seed set increased rapidly with pollen number at low to moderate pollen loads, and a maximum set of three seeds occurred with a mean pollen load of 19 pollen grains. We did not detect a trade-off between the number of seeds and seed mass within a fruit. Seed mass increased with increasing pollen load, supporting the hypothesis of enhanced seed quality via increased pollen-competition intensity or genetic sampling. These results suggest that maternal fitness increases with larger pollen loads, even when the fertilization success is already high. Our results further highlight the importance of high rates of pollen arrival onto stigmas, as mediated by reliable pollinators. Comparing the pollen-to-seed response curve obtained in this experiment with those observed in natural populations suggests that pollen limitation may be more severe in natural populations than detected in greenhouse studies. The results also indicate that declining pollinator abundance may decrease seed quality before an effect on seed set is detected.</p>
Do annual and perennial populations of an insect-pollinated plant species differ in mating system?
<p><strong>Background and Aims</strong> Theory predicts that outcrossing should be more prevalent among perennials than annuals, a pattern confirmed by comparative evidence from diverse angiosperm families. However, intraspecific comparisons between annual and perennial populations are few because such variation is uncommon among flowering plants. Here, we test the hypothesis that perennial populations outcross more than annual populations by investigating Incarvillea sinensis, a wide-ranging insect-pollinated herb native to China. The occurrence of both allopatric and sympatric populations allows us to examine the stability of mating system differences between life histories under varying ecological conditions.</p> <p><strong>Methods </strong>We estimated outcrossing rates and biparental inbreeding in 16 allopatric and five sympatric popula- tions in which both life histories coexisted using 20 microsatellite loci. In each population we measured height, branch number, corolla size, tube length and herkogamy for ~30 individuals. In a sympatric population, we re- corded daily flower number, pollinator visitation and the fruit and seed set of annual and perennial plants.</p> <p><strong>Key Results </strong>As predicted, outcrossing rates (t) were considerably higher in perennial (mean = 0.76) than annual (mean = 0.09) populations. This difference in mating system was also maintained at sympatric sites where plants grew intermixed. In both allopatric and sympatric populations the degree of herkogamy was consistently larger in outcrossing than selfing plants. Perennials were more branched, with more and larger flowers than in annuals. In a sympatric population, annuals had a significantly higher fruit and seed set than perennials.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions </strong> Genetically based differences in herkogamy between annuals and perennials appear to play a key role in governing outcrossing rates in populations, regardless of variation in local ecological conditions. The maintenance of mating system and life history trait differentiation between perennial and annual populations of I. sinensis probably results from correlated evolution in response to local environmental conditions.</p>
Data from: Effects of soil resources on expression of a sexual conflict over timing of stigma receptivity in a mixed-mating plant
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Data from: The evolutionary enigma of mixed mating systems in plants: occurrence, theoretical explanations, and empirical evidence
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Data from: Plant odour and sex pheromone are integral elements of specific mate recognition in an insect herbivore
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Data from: Global biogeography of mating system variation in seed plants
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Data from: Consequences of multiple inflorescences and clonality for pollinator behavior and plant mating
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Do annual and perennial populations of an insect-pollinated plant species differ in mating system?
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Data from: Insect mating signal and mate preference phenotypes covary among host plant genotypes
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Data from: Quantitative and qualitative consequences of reduced pollen loads in a mixed-mating plant
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Data from: Use of an exotic host plant affects mate choice in an insect herbivore
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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