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3,737 results for “plant species”
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating and Drying Research (DryPEHR): Phenology of Dominant Plant Species III - Flowering Date 2013-2021
This drying and warming experiment addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem drying, warming and permafrost thaw cause a net release or uptake of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss? 3) How do drying and warming affect plant communities and ecosystem properties? We are answering these questions using a combined warming and drying experiment (DryPEHR), which is situated with the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project and located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Warming treatment here refers to growing season air temperature warming (~1C) using open top chambers (OTC) combined with soil 'warming' using snow fences during the snow covered months. Drying is achieved using an automated pumping system that lowers the water table in the dry plots. Soil warming began in 2008; OTCs and drying in 2011. In this dataset we specifically ask, how does warming and drying of soil and air impact the phenology of dominant plant species? Phenological data was collected to determine the timing of first bud break, onset and completion of senescence, and reproductive effort (flower and berry production).
Plant species percent cover data: BioCON : Biodiversity, Elevated CO2, and N Enrichment
BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen) is an ecological experiment started in 1997 at the University of Minnesota's Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve. BioCON's goal is to explore the ways in which plant communities will respond to three environmental changes that are known to be occurring on a global scale: increasing nitrogen deposition, increasing atmospheric CO2, and decreasing biodiversity. Why Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen? While there are many uncertainties in global change biology, there are also some well documented facts. Some of these are: 1. The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is rising. Since the industrial revolution, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased from approximately 275 parts per million (ppm) to about 378 ppm today. This has been largely the result of fossil fuel burning. It is expected that CO2 levels will continue to rise, and that by the year 2050 these levels will be approximately 550 ppm. CO2 is the raw material for photosynthesis and is known to affect plant growth and development. 2. The amount of nitrogen moving through terrestrial ecosystems has increased in the recent past. While natural "background" levels of nitrogen fixation have remained constant, human additions to the system through fertilizer production and fossil fuel use have increased dramatically. Nitrogen is a key nutrient for plant growth and plays a critical role in plant community structure and composition in many environments. 3. Biodiversity levels are falling. While the research and data are not as complete as they are for CO2 and nitrogen, data indicate that the number of species globally, is being reduced. Perhaps more important for ecosystem function, diversity levels on local to regional scales have fallen due to land use change, biotic invasion and many other drivers. While much is known about how each of these factors affects ecosystem functioning, many questions remain. There is also little data on how these issues affe
Species trait tissue chemistry: Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Experimental manipulation of predatory crab species identity (Panopeus obesus vs. Eurytium limosum) and size-structure and assessment of effects on invertebrate densities, sediment properties and plant biomass.
Predatory mud crabs (Panopeus obesus and Eurytium limosum) are two of the main resident infaunal predators in southeastern US salt marshes. Little is known, however, about their effects on important prey species, or their influences on sediment or plant properties. These influences are likely to be dependent on the identity of species and the size-stucture of the population. We therefore manipulated the species identity (Panopeus or Eurtium) and size-structure. The size-structure treatrment had four levels: small [9 individuals, each 18-22mm carapace diameter], medium [6 ind. 24 -28mm], large [3 ind. 32-36mm], mixed (3 small, 2 medium, 1 large, all within same cage). The numbers of crabs in each size-structure treatment were chosen to capture natural size-abundance relationships. The treatments were maintained in experimental cages (70 x 70 x 100 cm, length, width, height) in the mid-Spartina zone at Dean Creek, Sapelo Island, GA. We maintained the treatments over 4 months (July - October 2010), before assessing impacts on prey densitities (mud fiddler crabs, ribbed mussels and marsh periwinkles), and ecosystem properties (aboveground plant biomass, sediment redox potential, sediment water content).
Geographic coordinates, soil properties, plant species composition and vegetation survey data in the study on tidal marshes of the Ogeechee, Altamaha and Satilla estuaries in Georgia, USA
We examined patterns of habitat function (plant species richness), productivity (plant aboveground biomass and total C), and nutrient stocks (N and P in aboveground plant biomass and soil) in tidal marshes of the Satilla, Altamaha, and Ogeechee Estuaries in Georgia, USA. We worked at two sites within each salinity zone (fresh, brackish, and saline) in each estuary, sampling a transect from the creekbank to the marsh platform. Site-scale and plot-scale species richness decreased from fresh to saline sites. Standing crop biomass and total carbon stocks were greatest at brackish sites, followed by freshwater then saline sites.
May to July 2018 ground control points GPS coordinates of tidal marsh and tidal forest plant species to be used as ground control points in habitat mapping.
We collected field data from sites distributed in habitats along the salinity axis of the Altamaha River estuary and the Duplin River to be used as ground control points (GCP) and ground reference data for habitat mapping. GCPs for tidal marsh (salt, brackish, tidal fresh) and tidal fresh forest vegetation species were acquired. A real time kinematic (RTK) GPS survey of GPS coordinates and ground elevations for tidal marsh vegetation was carried out in May of June of 2018. A handheld GPS was used to collect GPS coordinates for tidal forest plant species in July of 2018. A total of 101 GCPs were collected in tidal habitats, with 26 in salt, 28 in brackish and 29 in tidal fresh marsh, and another 18 in tidal fresh forest. These observations will be used to create habitat maps from aerial photographs of the Altamaha River estuary, GA taken following Hurricane Irma to better understand how the storm surge affected tidal vegetation and to examine any shifts in vegetation type.
PPS01 Konza prairie plant species list
The dataset (Key for Plant Species Codes in Konza Prairie Community Composition Datasets) contains a numeric code for each vascular plant species that has been recorded in any Konza Prairie LTER plant community composition dataset (e.g. PVC02, PBG01, WAT01, BGPVC). Each code designates a vasular plant taxon (species level). Variables include: family, genus, specific epithet, lifespan, growth form, origin, photosynthetic pathway (for grasses).
SMB01 Variation in soil respiration and bacterial community due to species-specific plant-soil history at konza prairie
We conducted a “home vs. away” plant-soil feedback greenhouse experiment using two C3 grass species (Bromus inermis and Pascopyrum smithii) grown in soil collected from Konza Prairie. We used a closed-circuit CO2 trapping method and isotopic analysis to differentiate between root-derived and SOM-derived CO2 production. We investigated how soil chemistry and soil bacterial communities differed in soils with a history of B. inermis vs soils with a history of P. smithii.
BGPVC Plant species composition in the Belowground Plot Experiment at Konza Prairie
Two permanent plant composition plots were marked with conduit in each of the 64 plots. Canopy cover was recorded in a 5 m2circular area surrounding each of the plots. At approximately 5-year intervals, coverage is assessed in late July, using visual estimates of cover by species, based on a modified Daubenmire scale. In 1989, sampling was done once in early July after mowing using one 10 m2 plot placed randomly in the approximate center of each plot. In 1994, plant composition sampling was done in early June in the unmowed plots; sampling in the mowed plots occurred in August. In 1999, two permanent conduits were placed in each plot, and sampling was conducted in June, before mowing, and again in August using 5 m2 plot sizes. In 2005 and afterward, sampling was reduced to one time in late July. Sampling occurred once every five years until 2015. Plots have been sampled annually since 2016. Two of the long-term unburned plots in a wildfire in 1994 and 1995. Those plots and years of the fire are indicated on the linked plot map. The mowing treatment was discontinued after 2002 due to invasion of the mowed plots by old world bluestem grasses. Data users should check for exotic species impacts on specific mowed subplots prior to this. In addition, fertilization in all plots ceased in 2017 as part of recovery from chronic N enrichment experiment.
PBG01 Plant species composition in the Patch Burning-grazing Experiment at Konza Prairie
‘PBG’ datasets are associated with a long-term, large-scale study that is addressing the effects of fire-grazing interactions in the context of a Patch-Burn Grazing management system designed to promote grassland heterogeneity. Effects of patch-burn grazing management on plant and animal diversity and the nature and variety of wildlife habitat are being assessed in two replicate management units, each consisting of three pastures (watersheds) designated C03A/C03B/C03C and C3SA/C3SB/C3SC. In each patch-burn grazing unit, one watershed is burned and two that are left unburned in a given year. The burning treatments are rotated annually so that each pasture is burned every third year. Each patch-burn grazing unit is paired with an annually-burned pasture for comparison with traditional grazing systems (C01A and C1SB). All grazing units are stocked with cow/calf pairs from approximately 1 May until 1 Oct at a stocking density equal to 3.2 ha per cow/calf. To examine the impact of patch burning and grazing in all 8 units, we monitor changes in plant species composition, residual biomass, grassland bird populations, insect populations, small mammal populations, soil nutrients, and stream water quality1(1C3SA/C3SB/C3SC unit only). The KSU Department of Animal Science monitors cattle performance, including weight gain and body condition to assess the economic feasibility of using patch-burn management on a widespread basis.
PPH01 Phenology of selected plant species at Konza Prairie
Twenty-nine selected species of grasses, forbs, and woody vegetation characteristic of a variety of habitats on Konza Prairie are used for phenological measurements. These species are observed weekly for the entire growing season and changes in their phenological states are recorded. The following phenological states are used for this survey: (1) initiation of growth, (2) first anthesis, (3) duration of anthesis, (4) fruits mature, (5) leaves more than 90% dry.
PVC01 Plant species composition on selected watersheds at Konza Prairie
Canopy coverage and frequency of plant species were estimated visually in 20 circular 10 sq m plots. Six treatments were sampled, three ungrazed and three to be grazed (in the future) by native grazers (bison). In each case, one of the three watersheds was unburned, another burned annually in April, and the third burned every four years in April. In each treatment two soils were sampled: a lower slope deep fertile non-rocky soil (Tully silty clay loam) and a shallow rocky soil (Florence cherty silt loam) on level to gently sloping ridges.
PVC02 Plant species composition on selected watersheds at Konza Prairie
Canopy coverage of all vascular plant species were estimated in 20 circular 10 sq m plots for each of the topographic positions within each included watershed at Konza Prairie.
Factors influencing decomposition of leaves for five plant species at El Verde
We evaluated the influences of leaf quality, climate and microsite on the decomposition of leaves of five tropical tree species. Single-species litterbags were used to determine weight loss during the first three months of decomposition in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Significant differences were found in decomposition rates among leaf species (Inga fagifolia < I. vera < Manilkara bidentata < C-roton poecilanthus << Sapium laurocerasus), but only S. laurocerasus differed significantly from the other species. Lignin had a suggestive negative correlation with leaf decomposition while carbon content and the lignin:N ratio were significantly correlated with mass loss. Content of N, P, Ca, and polyphenol were not significantly correlated with mass loss, but several of the litter quality variables were correlated with each other. Leaf species decomposed faster under canopies of their source trees than in a common plot where the source species were absent. Decomposition in two species in the Euphorbiaceae, S. laurocerasus and C. poecilanthus, was significantly affected by microsite. Leaching losses during the first three weeks were greater under source trees than in the common plot, and may have been associated with differences in canopy structure and throughfall. Differences in detrital communities, however, could have contributed to the differences in decomposition between microsites. Leaves of all species decomposed significantly faster in the wet than in the dry period (P = 0.001) despite little climatic variation in this subtropical wet forest type. This suggests that decomposition of tropical leaf litter might be sensitive to microclimatic changes on the forest floor resulting from either global climate change, or from natural or anthropogenic disturbances that open the canopy. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB
Interactions between plants and fungi and their roles in decay rates and CO2 release in five tropical leaf species
A microcosm experiment was used to test for the effects of interactions between particular plant and fungal decomposer species on rates of leaf decomposition. Each microcosm contained one species of leaf that was sterilized with gamma irradiation and then inoculated with a single fungus. Five plant species and ten fungal species (two dominants from each of the litter types) were used in all possible combinations. Plant species were selected for pair-wise comparisons based on phylogenetic relationships and litter quality characteristics. Decomposition was measured by both mass loss and CO2 release. Differences in weight loss and CO2 evolution were highly significant for plants, fungal species, and their interactions. Mass loss was positively correlated with CO2 evolution. Contrary to our hypotheses, however, microfungal dominants did not decompose their source leaves faster than microfungal dominants from other leaf species, nor were responses to other types of specificity detected. Matching of fungi to leaf substrates by their source, by phylogenetic relationships, or by chemical, physical and structural characteristics was not associated with consistent increases in decomposition. Although previously documented differences in microfungal species composition and dominance among decomposing leaves of different trees were confirmed in this study, such differences apparently do not directly affect the rates of ecosystem processes. The presence in a few of the microcosms of a generalist basidiomycete that had ligninolytic enzymes, Melanotus eccentricus, significantly accelerated the rate of decomposition. Non-specific basidiomycetes may therefore have a stronger effect on early stages of leaf litter decomposition than host-selective microfungi. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Pue
N fertilization and recovery experiment (2-4-6) plant species composition data for East of Tvan from 1997 to 2017, yearly
The realization that anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is causing significant environmental change in many ecosystems has led to lower emissions of reactive N and deposition rates in many regions. However, the impacts of N deposition on terrestrial ecosystems can be long-lasting, with significant inertia in the return of the biota and biogeochemical processes to baseline levels. To better understand patterns of recovery and the factors that may contribute to slow or no responses following declines in N deposition, we followed plant species composition, microbial abundance, N cycling rates, soil pH, and pools of NO3- and extractable cations in an impacted alpine ecosystem following cessation of 12-year experiment increasing N deposition rates by 0, 20, 40, and 60 kg N/ha/yr. Simulated N deposition had resulted in a tripling in the cover of the nitrophilic species Carex rupestris, while the dominant sedge Kobresia myosuroides had decreased by more than half at the highest N input level. In addition nitrification rates were elevated, soil extractable magnesium (Mg2+) and pH decreased, and aluminum (Al3+) and manganese (Mn2+) were elevated at the highest N treatment inputs. Over the nine years following cessation of N additions to the impacted plots only the cover of the nitrophilic C. rupestris showed any recovery to prior levels. Abundances of both bacteria and fungi were lower with N addition in both treatment and recovery plots. Rates of nitrification and pools of NO3- remained elevated in the recovery plots, likely contributing to the lack of biotic response to the cessation of N inputs. In addition, nutrient base cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and soil pH remained depressed, and the toxic metal cations (Al3+ and Mn2+) remained elevated in recovery plots, also potentially influencing biotic recovery. These results emphasize the importance of considering long-term environmental impacts of N deposition associated with legacy effects, such as elevated N cycling and losse
Plant & lichen species composition data for Saddle Nodal Plots, 1971 - ongoing.
To study long-term changes in alpine tundra plant communities, thirty permanently marked plots were surveyed in 1971. These same plots were surveyed at twenty, thirty, forty and fifty year intervals from the initial sampling date; in 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021. Due to covid and other events, data for the 50-year time point was collected over three summers, from 2021-2023. Plots are one by ten meters, divided into ten subplot quadrats, and marked with rebar. The presence or absence of each vascular plant species was recorded per plot. The cover was recorded for each species that appeared in a one meter by ten centimeter strip at the base of each quadrat within each plot. The cover of non-vascular plants, soil, rocks, and lichens was also recorded within the strip in most sampling years. Lichen were also surveyed in 1971 and 2021.These data have been used to study the changes in vascular plant and lichen communities and cover across habitats following a moisture gradient on the saddle portion of Niwot Ridge; these habitats include dry fellfield, dry meadow, moist meadow, wet meadow, snow bank, and shrub tundra. While we have observed some changes in species richness and cover in the plots, overall the plant communities seem fairly stable over time. Lichen species richness has increased in some habitats, while some lichen species have been disappearing from others.
Presence or absence of marsh plant species along transects through a nutrient enriched marsh receiving wastewater effluent and a reference (unenriched) marsh, Plum Island Ecosystems LTER.
Presence or absence of marsh plant species along transects through a nutrient enriched marsh receiving wastewater effluent and a reference (unenriched) marsh. Nutrient enrichment comes from the Ipswich Wastewater Treatment Facility on Greenwood Creek in Ipswich. The marsh around Clubhead Creek, Rowley, MA was used as a reference.
Sevilleta Plant Species Sensitivity of Dryland Plant Allometry to Climate
Patterns of plant biomass partitioning are fundamental to estimates of primary productivity and ecosystem process rates. Allometric relationships between aboveground plant biomass and non-destructive measures of plant size, such as cover, volume, or stem density are widely used in plant ecology. Such size-biomass allometry is often assumed to be invariant for a given plant species, plant functional group, or ecosystem type. Allometric adjustments may be an important component of the short- or long-term responses of plants to abiotic conditions. We used 18 years of size-biomass data describing 85 plant species to investigate the sensitivity of allometry to precipitation, temperature, or drought across two seasons and four ecosystems in central New Mexico, USA. Our results demonstrate that many plant species adjust patterns in the partitioning of aboveground biomass under different climates and highlight the importance of long-term data for understanding functional differences among plant species.
SEV-LTER Mean - Variance Experiment Quadrat Plant Species Cover and Height
We designed novel field experimental infrastructure to resolve the relative importance of changes in the climate mean and variance in regulating the structure and function of dryland populations, communities, and ecosystem processes. The Mean - Variance Climate Experiment (MVE) adds three novel elements to prior designs that have manipulated interannual variance in climate in the field (Gherardi & Sala, 2013) by (i) determining interactive effects of mean and variance with a factorial design that crosses reduced mean with increased variance, (ii) studying multiple dryland biomes to compare their susceptibility to transition under interactive climate drivers, and (iii) adding stochasticity to our treatments to permit the antecedent effects that occur under natural climate variability. This new infrastructure enables direct experimental tests of the hypothesis that interactions between the mean and variance of precipitation will have larger ecological impacts than either the mean or variance in precipitation alone. This dataset includes plant species cover and height data measured in 1 m x 1 m quadrats at all Mean - Variance experiment sites. Quadrat locations span five important ecosystems of the American southwest: blue grama-dominated Plains grassland (est. fall 2019), black grama-dominated Chihuahuan Desert grassland (est. fall 2020), creosotebush dominated Chihuahuan Desert shrubland (est. fall 2021), juniper savanna (est. fall 2022) and pinon-juniper woodland (est. fall 2023). Data on plant cover and height for each plant species are collected per individual plant or patch (for clonal plants) within 1 m x 1 m quadrats. These data inform population dynamics of foundational and rare plant species. The cover and height of individual plants or patches are sampled twice yearly (spring and fall) in permanent 1m x 1m plots within each site or experiment. This data package includes plant cover and height only -- for species biomass estimates per quad see package knb-lte
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.