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Figure 2. Summer core area delineation. The straight line with a in Demographic characteristics, seasonal range and habitat topography of Balkan chamois population in its southernmost limit of its distribution (Giona mountain, Greece)
Figure 2. Summer core area delineation. The straight line with a slope of –1 represents the random use of space within the population seasonal range. The curve that sags below the line of random use represents the clumped use of space. The summer core area can be defined at the point whose tangent has slope –1, e.g. 85%, that is, whose tangent is parallel to the line of random use. This is also the point of the curve that is furthest from the line of random use.
Population disruption: estimating changes in population distribution in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic - Estimates for Local Authority Districts
<p><strong>Overview:</strong></p> <p>Population estimates from the publication: <em>Population disruption: estimating changes in population distribution in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic.</em> </p> <p>Population estimates were aggregated to Local Authority Districts (LADs). </p> <p><strong>Methodology: </strong></p> <p>Population estimates were extracted from Bing Tiles (Zoom Level 12) to 2019 LADs by assigning tiles to LADs by their percent areal overlap. This method assumes constant population distribution across a single Bing Tile.</p> <p>2019 LAD boundaries are available from the <a href="https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/local-authority-districts-december-2019-boundaries-uk-bfc/explore">UK Government Open Geography Portal</a>.</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 6 in Phenotypic Study Of Population And Distribution Of The Poecilia Reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae) From Kyiv Sewage System (Ukraine)
Fig. 6. Dependence of the area of orange spots (stripes, %) on the body length of male guppies (L) P. reticulata.
Fig. 1 in Phenotypic Study Of Population And Distribution Of The Poecilia Reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae) From Kyiv Sewage System (Ukraine)
Fig. 1. Potential (probabilistic) model of P. reticulata current world expansion built in the Maxent program based on the CliMond climatic data and GBIF data (2021). Areas of highest habitat suitability (> 0.5) are colored in red and areas of lowest (<0.1) — in blue.
Fig. 7 in Phenotypic Study Of Population And Distribution Of The Poecilia Reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae) From Kyiv Sewage System (Ukraine)
Fig. 7. Dependence of the proportions of the tail (C1/C2) on the body length of P. reticulata: C1/C2 = 1 ("symmetrical tail") is shown by the line.
Data and R code used in: Plant geographic distribution influences chemical defenses in native and introduced Plantago lanceolata populations
<p>Plants growing outside their native range may be confronted by new regimes of herbivory, but how this affects plant chemical defense profiles has rarely been studied. Using <em>Plantago lanceolata</em> as a model species, we investigated whether introduced populations show significant differences from native populations in several growth and chemical defense traits. <em>Plantago lanceolata </em>(ribwort plantain) is an herbaceous plant species native to Europe and Western Asia that has been introduced to numerous countries worldwide. We sampled seeds from nine native and ten introduced populations that covered a broad geographic and environmental range and performed a common garden experiment in a greenhouse, in which we infested half of the plants in each population with caterpillars of the generalist herbivore <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>. We then measured size-related and resource-allocation traits as well as the levels of constitutive and induced chemical defense compounds in roots and shoots of <em>P. lanceolata</em>. When we considered the environmental characteristics of the site of origin, our results revealed that populations from introduced ranges were characterized by an increase of chemical defense compounds without compromising plant biomass. The concentrations of iridoid glycosides and verbascoside, the major anti-herbivore defense compounds of <em>P. lanceolata</em>,<em> </em>were higher in introduced populations than in native populations. In addition, introduced populations exhibited greater rates of herbivore-induced volatile organic compound emission and diversity, and similar chemical diversity based on untargeted analyses of leaf methanol extracts. In general, the geographic origin of the populations had a significant influence on morphological and chemical plant traits, suggesting that <em>P. lanceolata</em> populations are not only adapted to different environments in their native range but also in their introduced range.</p>
Fig. 1 in Distribution and Occurrence of Vairimorpha plodiae (Opisthokonta: Microspora) in the Indian Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Populations: An Extensive Field Study
Fig. 1. The microsporidian pathogen, Vairimorpha plodiae infections in Plodia interpunctella populations in Turkey. Infected populations (note that the pathogen naturally disperses in all populations). (AYD: Aydın, BOL: Bolu, DNZ: Denizli, GZP: Gaziantep, ISP: Isparta, İST: İstanbul, İZM: İzmir, MLT: Malatya, ORD: Ordu, SAM: Samsun, ST: Siirt, TRB: Trabzon)
FIG. 5. Correlation between the spatial distribution index and population density. A in Demographic and spatial structure at the stage of expansion in the populations of some alien land snails in Belgorod city (Central Russian Upland)
FIG. 5. Correlation between the spatial distribution index and population density. A. For Brephulopsis cylindrica and Xeropicta derbentina at 160 plots for three years. B. For Harmozica ravergiensis in nine sites×20 plots for two years. РИС. 5. Корреляция меЖду индексом пространственного распределения и плотностью популяции. А. Для Brephulopsis cylindrica и Xeropicta derbentina на 160 плоЩадках За три года. В. Для Harmozica ravergiensis на девяти участках по 20 плоЩадок За два года.
Group and individual social network metrics are robust to changes in resource distribution in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
<p>Social interactions drive many important ecological and evolutionary processes. It is therefore essential to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that underlie social patterns. A central tenet of the field of behavioral ecology is the expectation that the distribution of resources shapes patterns of social interactions.</p> <p>We combined experimental manipulations with social network analyses to ask how patterns of resource distribution influence complex social interactions.</p> <p>We experimentally manipulated the distribution of an essential food and reproductive resource in semi-natural populations of forked fungus beetles (Bolitotherus cornutus). We aggregated resources into discrete clumps in half of the populations and evenly dispersed resources in the other half. We then observed social interactions between individually marked beetles. Half-way through the experiment, we reversed the resource distribution in each population, allowing us to control any demographic or behavioral differences between our experimental populations. At the end of the experiment, we compared individual and group social network characteristics between the two resource distribution treatments.</p> <p>We found a statistically significant but quantitatively small effect of resource distribution on individual social network position and detected no effect on group social network structure. Individual connectivity (individual strength) and individual cliquishness (local clustering coefficient) increased in environments with clumped resources, but this difference explained very little of the variance in individual social network position. Individual centrality (individual betweenness) and measures of overall social structure (network density, average shortest path length, and global clustering coefficient) did not differ between environments with dramatically different distributions of resources.</p> <p>Our results illustrate that the resource environment, despite being fundamental to our understanding of social systems, does not always play a central role in shaping social interactions. Instead, our results suggests that sex differences and temporally fluctuating environmental conditions may be more important in determining patterns of social interactions.</p>
Fig. 1 in Distribution Pattern, Nest-Tree Features And Breeding Performance Of Population Of The Black Stork, Ciconia Nigra (Ciconiiformes, Ciconiidae), In Northwestern Serbia
Fig. 1. The proportion of tree species picked for nest placement by the Black Stork (Ciconia nigra) in Northwestern Serbia (n = 44).
Figure 1 in Effect of initial infestation on population fluctuation and spatial distribution of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Thomson navel orange in Ghaemshahr, Iran
Figure 1. Population fluctuation of Panonychus citri on Thomson navel orange in a multi-treatment experiment in in 2016. Control treatment = average number of 0.48 mite per leaf; Treatment 1 = average number of 1.12 mites per leaf, Treatment 2 = average number of 1.23 mites per leaf, Treatment 3 = average number of 6.36 mites per leaf, Treatment
Figure 4 in Effect of initial infestation on population fluctuation and spatial distribution of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Thomson navel orange in Ghaemshahr, Iran
Figure 4. Population fluctuation of Panonychus citri on Thomson navel orange in a paired-treatment experiment in 2017. Infested treatment = average number of 0.79 mite per leaf, Control treatment = average number of 0.59 mite per leaf.
Figure 2 in Effect of initial infestation on population fluctuation and spatial distribution of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Thomson navel orange in Ghaemshahr, Iran
Figure 2. Population fluctuation of Panonychus citri on Thomson navel orange in a multi-treatment experiment in in 2016. Control treatment = average number of 0.2 mite per leaf, Treatment 1 = average number of 0.3 mite per leaf, Treatment
Рис. 8. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска M. catrusiana (А), фитомассы (В), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (C) и доли агрегатных фракций 3–5 мм (D) на участке № 2 в 2011 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 8. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the land snail M. catrusiana (A), phytomass (B), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (C), aggregate particle size 3–5 mm (D) at the site 1 in 2011 (axes X and Y presented in meters). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 8. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска M. catrusiana (А), фитомассы (В), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (C) и доли агрегатных фракций 3–5 мм (D) на участке № 2 в 2011 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 8. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the land snail M. catrusiana (A), phytomass (B), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (C), aggregate particle size 3–5 mm (D) at the site 1 in 2011 (axes X and Y presented in meters).
Рис. 6. Графики Зависимости оценок варианс (S2) от средней плотности (D) популЯций наЗемных моллюсков B. cylindrica (А) и M. cartusiana (В): 1 – участок № 1, 2010 г.; 2 – участок № 2, 2011 г.; 3 – участок № 4, 2012 г.; 4 – участок № 5, 2012 г. Fig. 6. Variance estimation (S2) and average density (D) of the land snail B. cylindrica (А) and M. cartusiana (В) population scatter plots: 1 – site 1, 2010; 2 – site 2, 2011; 3 – site 4, 2012; 4 – site 5, 2012. in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 6. Графики Зависимости оценок варианс (S2) от средней плотности (D) популЯций наЗемных моллюсков B. cylindrica (А) и M. cartusiana (В): 1 – участок № 1, 2010 г.; 2 – участок № 2, 2011 г.; 3 – участок № 4, 2012 г.; 4 – участок № 5, 2012 г. Fig. 6. Variance estimation (S2) and average density (D) of the land snail B. cylindrica (А) and M. cartusiana (В) population scatter plots: 1 – site 1, 2010; 2 – site 2, 2011; 3 – site 4, 2012; 4 – site 5, 2012.
Рис. 5. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемных моллюсков раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – H. lucorum, участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – Ch. tridens, участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – Ch. tridens, участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – Ch. tridens, участок № 5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 5. Spatial correlogram of the land snail different age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – H. lucorum, site 1, 2010; B – Ch. tridens, site 2, 2011; C – Ch. tridens, site 4, 2012; D – Ch. tridens, site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled signs). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 5. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемных моллюсков раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – H. lucorum, участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – Ch. tridens, участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – Ch. tridens, участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – Ch. tridens, участок № 5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 5. Spatial correlogram of the land snail different age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – H. lucorum, site 1, 2010; B – Ch. tridens, site 2, 2011; C – Ch. tridens, site 4, 2012; D – Ch. tridens, site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled signs).
Рис. 4. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска M. cartusiana раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – участок № 5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 4. Spatial correlogram of land snail M. cartusiana age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled sings). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 4. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска M. cartusiana раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – участок № 5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 4. Spatial correlogram of land snail M. cartusiana age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled sings).
Рис. 3. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска B. cylindrica раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – участок №5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 3. Spatial correlogram of the land snail B. cylindrica age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled signs). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 3. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска B. cylindrica раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – участок №5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 3. Spatial correlogram of the land snail B. cylindrica age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled signs).
Рис. 7. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска B. cylindrica (А), фитомассы (В), проективного покрытиЯ (С), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (D) на участке № 1 в 2010 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 7. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the snail B. cylindrica (A), phytomass (B), plants projective cover (C), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (D) at the site 1 in 2010. (axes X and Y presented in meters). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 7. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска B. cylindrica (А), фитомассы (В), проективного покрытиЯ (С), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (D) на участке № 1 в 2010 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 7. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the snail B. cylindrica (A), phytomass (B), plants projective cover (C), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (D) at the site 1 in 2010. (axes X and Y presented in meters).
Рис. 2. Диаграммы распределениЯ обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска M. cartusiana: A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.; D – участок № 5, 2012 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах; численность особей пропорциональна раЗмерам Шариков). Fig. 2. Diagram of the abundance distribution of the land snail M. cartusiana: A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Х and Y axes presented in meters; abundance proportional to sphere sizes). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 2. Диаграммы распределениЯ обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска M. cartusiana: A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.; D – участок № 5, 2012 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах; численность особей пропорциональна раЗмерам Шариков). Fig. 2. Diagram of the abundance distribution of the land snail M. cartusiana: A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Х and Y axes presented in meters; abundance proportional to sphere sizes).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.