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935 results for “probability”
FI GU R E 3 Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the Hyalospheniformes with a focus on Apodera, Alocodera, and Padaungiella based on COI gene sequences. Bootstrap values (bs) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (p.p.) are indicated respectively between branches. COI sequences from genera other than Apodera were retrieved from GenBank in Superficially described and ignored for 92 years, rediscovered and emended: Apodera angatakere (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Hyalospheniformes) is a new flagship testate amoeba taxon from Aotearoa (New Zealand)
FI GU R E 3 Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the Hyalospheniformes with a focus on Apodera, Alocodera, and Padaungiella based on COI gene sequences. Bootstrap values (bs) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (p.p.) are indicated respectively between branches. COI sequences from genera other than Apodera were retrieved from GenBank
Fig. 4 in Ephemeral Occurrence of the Echiuran Listriolobus brevirostris (Annelida: Echiura) in Osaka Bay between 1995 and 2002; a New Record for Japan, Probably Resulting from Human-mediated Introduction
Fig. 4. Relationship between trunk length and proboscis length in 52 fixed specimens of Listriolobus brevirostris, collected from Osaka Bay in 1999 (NSMT-Ec 164 to 183).
Fig. 3 in Ephemeral Occurrence of the Echiuran Listriolobus brevirostris (Annelida: Echiura) in Osaka Bay between 1995 and 2002; a New Record for Japan, Probably Resulting from Human-mediated Introduction
Fig. 3. Internal morphology (dorsal view) of Listriolobus brevirostris from Osaka Bay, collected off Kobe on 26 November 2001 (NSMT-Ec 186). A, anterior end of trunk; B, posterior end of trunk (ventral vessel undetectable due to deterioration). Abbreviations: al, alimentary canal; av, anal vesicle; dv, dorsal vessel; gd, gonoduct; gl, gonostomal lip; im, interbasal muscle; nv, neurointestinal vessel; rc, rectal caecum; re, rectum; rv, ring vessel; tb, terminal bulb; vn, ventral nerve cord: vs, ventral seta; vv, ventral vessel. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Fig. 5 in Ephemeral Occurrence of the Echiuran Listriolobus brevirostris (Annelida: Echiura) in Osaka Bay between 1995 and 2002; a New Record for Japan, Probably Resulting from Human-mediated Introduction
Fig. 5. Seasonal changes in trunk length of Listriolobus brevirostris from Osaka Bay in 1999. Solid bars indicate mature specimen(s), dotted lines, measurements from live specimens, and double-headed arrow of dotted line, the length range in live specimens (see text).
Combining genotypes and T cell receptor distributions to infer genetic loci determining V(D)J recombination probabilities: discovery cohort meta data and parsed TCR repertoire data
<p>Meta data corresponding the the discovery cohort for the paper, "Combining genotypes and T cell receptor distributions to infer genetic loci determining V(D)J recombination probabilities" by Magdalena L Russell, Aisha Souquette, David M Levine, Stefan A Schattgen, E Kaitlynn Allen, Guillermina Kuan, Noah Simon, Angel Balmaseda, Aubree Gordon, Paul G Thomas, Frederick A Matsen IV, and Philip Bradley. These meta data include: </p> <p>(1) a file mapping the SNP data subject IDs to the TCR repertoire data subject IDs (gwas_id_mapping.tsv)<br> (2) a file including the PCAir PCs, self-reported ancestry, and genomic ancestry for each subject (all_pc_air.txt)<br> (3) a file including the PCAir variance explained by each PC (all_pc_air_variance.txt)<br> (3) a file including the SNP ID, chromosome, hg19 position, allele, rsid, and quality control metrics for each SNP in the SNP array (emerson_snp_rs_data.tsv)<br> (4) a file including IMGT genes and sequences used for parsing TCRB repertoire data (human_vj_allele_cdr3_nucseqs.tsv)<br> (5) a file including predicted TRBD2 allele genotypes for each subject (emerson_trbd2_alleles.tsv)<br> (6) Parsed TCRB repertoire data. These raw data were first published in Emerson et. al, <em>Nature Genetics </em>2017. (emerson_parsed_tcrb.tgz)</p> <p><strong>Corresponding discovery cohort raw TCR repertoire data is available here: </strong>https: //doi.org/10.21417/B7001Z (ImmuneACCESS database)<br> <strong>Corresponding discovery cohort SNP data is available here:</strong> https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs001918.v1.p1 (The database of Genotypes and Phenotypes, accession number: phs001918)<br> <br> <strong>Software tools designed to work with these data are available here:</strong> https://github.com/phbradley/tcr-gwas</p>
Gene drives for vertebrate pest control: realistic spatial modelling of eradication probabilities and times for island mouse populations
<p>Invasive alien species continue to threaten global biodiversity. CRISPR-based gene drives, which can theoretically spread through populations despite imparting a fitness cost, could be used to suppress or eradicate pest populations. We develop an individual-based, spatially explicit, stochastic model to simulate the ability of CRISPR-based homing and X-chromosome shredding drives to eradicate populations of invasive mice (Mus muculus) from islands. Using the model, we explore the interactive effect of the efficiency of the drive constructs and the spatial ecology of the target population on the outcome of a gene-drive release. We also consider the impact of polyandrous mating and sperm competition, which could compromise the efficacy of some gene-drive strategies. Our results show that both drive strategies could be used to eradicate large populations of mice. Whereas parameters related to drive efficiency and demography strongly influence drive performance, we find that sperm competition following polyandrous mating is unlikely to impact the outcome of an eradication effort substantially. Assumptions regarding the spatial ecology of mice influenced the probability of and time required for eradication, with short-range dispersal capabilities and limited mate-search areas producing `chase' dynamics across the island characterised by cycles of local extinction and recolonization by mice. We also show that highly efficient drives are not always optimal, when dispersal capabilities are low, rapid local population supression around the introduction sites can cause loss of the gene drive before it can spread to the entire island. We conclude that, although the design of efficient gene drives is undoubtedly critical, accurate data on the spatial ecology of target species is critical for predicting the result of a gene-drive release.</p>
Tracing Maize History in Northern Iroquoia through Radiocarbon Date Summed Probability Distributions Data
<p>These files contain the data used in the radiocarbon summed probability distribution and complementary analyses to create a history of maize (<em>Zea mays</em> ssp. <em>mays</em>) in Northern Iroquoia. Results piublished in:</p> <p>Hart, John P.. "Tracing Maize History in Northern Iroquoia Through Radiocarbon Date Summed Probability Distributions" <em>Open Archaeology</em>, vol. 8, no. 1, 2022, pp. 594-607. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2022-0256">https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2022-0256</a></p> <p> </p>
Reconstruction of flood probabilities in France, 1705-2015
<p>As part of the <a href="https://globxblog.inrae.fr/hegs/">HEGS project</a>, an attempt was made at reconstructing flood probabilities for 207 stations in France during the period 1705-2015. This reconstruction is based on the historical flood marks database <a href="https://www.reperesdecrues.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/">Repères De Crues</a>. Details can be found in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2023.2212165">this publication</a>.</p> <p>This repository contains the data underlying this reconstruction (historical flood marks at sites and flood peaks at hydrometric stations), and the reconstruction itself. A sonified animation of these data is available at <a href="https://vimeo.com/815008124">https://vimeo.com/815008124</a>.</p> <p><strong>data/sites.txt</strong></p> <p>Description of 327 flood mark sites, with the following columns:</p> <ol> <li>"index": site index.</li> <li>"ID": site ID.</li> <li>"lon": longitude.</li> <li>"lat": latitude.</li> <li>"town": town (in French: commune).</li> <li>"INSEEcode": <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEE_code">INSEE code</a>, an ID for the town.</li> <li>"river": name of the river whose floods created the marks.</li> <li>"zone": geographical area.</li> <li>"description": site description (in French).</li> <li>"firstMark": year of the first available flood mark.</li> <li>"lastMark": year of the last available flood mark.</li> <li>"nMark": number of available flood marks during the period 1705-2015.</li> </ol> <p><strong>data/marksAtSites.txt</strong></p> <p>Flood marks recorded at sites during the period 1705-2015, with the following columns:</p> <ol> <li>"ID": site ID.</li> <li>"year": year of the mark.</li> <li>"month": month of the mark.</li> <li>"day": day of the mark.</li> <li>"hydroYear": hydrological year of the mark (hydroYear e.g. 1998 goes from September 1998 to August 1999).</li> <li>"isFloodPeak": does the mark correspond to the flood peak?</li> <li>"elevation": elevation of the mark (in m).</li> </ol> <p><strong>data/stations.txt</strong></p> <p>Description of 207 hydrometric stations, with the following columns:</p> <ol> <li>"index": station index.</li> <li>"ID": station ID.</li> <li>"lon": longitude.</li> <li>"lat": latitude.</li> <li>"area": area of the catchment monitored by the station.</li> <li>"description": station description (in French).</li> <li>"nMonth": number of months with available data.</li> </ol> <p><strong>data/peaksAtStations.txt</strong></p> <p>Flood peaks recorded at stations, with the following columns:</p> <ol> <li>"ID": site ID.</li> <li>"hydroYear": hydrological year.</li> <li>"amax": annual maximum value of daily discharge (in m<sup>3</sup>.s<sup>-1</sup>).</li> <li>"mm": same as above but converted in mm.</li> </ol> <p><strong>reconstructions.txt</strong></p> <p>Reconstructed distribution of annual maxima, estimated at all stations and for the period 1705-2015, with the following columns:</p> <ol> <li>"year": hydrological year.</li> <li>"stationID": ID of the station.</li> <li>"lon": longitude.</li> <li>"lat": latitude.</li> <li>"median": median of the estimated GEV distribution for this year and this station (in mm).</li> <li>"low": 0.05-quantile of the estimated GEV distribution for this year and this station (in mm).</li> <li>"high": 0.95-quantile of the estimated GEV distribution for this year and this station (in mm).</li> <li>"prob": Estimated probability of exceeding a 10-year event for this year and this station.</li> </ol>
Project 2021/05/X/ST8/00114: Introduction of moisture content as a parameter of the breakage probability function of granular biomass - Dataset
<p>This dataset contains the results of research conducted at Purdue University, Agricultural&Biological Engineering during research stay in the period 15.11.2021 - 14.02.2022. The aim of the research was to investigate and analyze the breakage probability of different types of grains for various moisture content levels: 10%, 14%, 18%, 22% and 26 % and particle sizes. The experimental part involves compression tests of selected grains (rice, corn) and specific breakage energy determination. In the result the breakage probability equations in dependance of moisture content and particle size were developed.</p> <p>This dataset contains:</p> <ol> <li>the results of initial moisture content measurement,</li> <li>the results of moisture content measurement after wetting,</li> <li>The results of bulk density measurement,</li> <li>the results of compression tests for low compression rate (1.25 mm/min)</li> <li>the results of compression tests for high compression rate (125 mm/min)</li> </ol>
Annual carbon density and annual forest probability maps
<p>The annual carbon density (file name is GBRF+year) shows aboveground woody biomass and uses boosted regression trees, which were trained with a static global benchmark map of carbon density of woody vegetation for 2018, using MODIS (MCD43A4 7 bands; NDII, EV12, MCD43A3 shortwave albedo) and STRM data. The carbon density was mapped at 1-ha spatial grid cells and the unit is MgC/ha.</p> <p>The forest probability maps (file name is LT_nbr_paramset01_fitted.+year) were created from annual MODIS data at the resolution of 500m x 500m. The forest maps take values ranging from 0 to1, and the probability shows the likeliness if a pixel belongs to the forest (1) or non-forest (0) class. The higher the value, the higher the probability that the pixel is forest land.</p>
Vesicular release probability sets the strength of individual Schaffer collateral synapses
<p>This repository contains the data used to generate the figures of the manuscript entitled 'Vesicular release probability sets the strength of individual Schaffer collateral synapses' and all the data used for the quantal analysis.</p>
Text-fig. 8. Pterocaryoxylon sp., a–c, e: UF 279-85024; d, f: UF 279-24551. a, b: Wood semi-ring-porous, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric, marginal, and in narrow lines, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, simple perforation plate (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-axial parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting, RLS. e: Rays mostly 1–3 cells wide, occasionally 4 cells, uniseriate rays probably mostly square to upright cells, TLS. f: Rays heterocellular, body cells procumbent. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b; 100 µm in e, f; 50 µm in c; 20 µm in d. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 8. Pterocaryoxylon sp., a–c, e: UF 279-85024; d, f: UF 279-24551. a, b: Wood semi-ring-porous, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric, marginal, and in narrow lines, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, simple perforation plate (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-axial parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting, RLS. e: Rays mostly 1–3 cells wide, occasionally 4 cells, uniseriate rays probably mostly square to upright cells, TLS. f: Rays heterocellular, body cells procumbent. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b; 100 µm in e, f; 50 µm in c; 20 µm in d.
Text-fig. 1. SEM images of flowers of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Flowers in lateral view showing elongated pedicel, narrowly triangular sepals and elongated protruding style (a); note the large openings in the floral tissue and pedicel (asterisks) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. c: Flower in lateral view with portion of the calyx missing exposing the ovary wall and slightly raised nectariferous ring with probable stomata-like secretory structures (arrow). d: Flower in lateral view showing long pedicel and three of the five tepals; note the elongated narrowly triangular form of the sepals. e: Flower in oblique lateral view with portion of the calyx missing exposing the ovary and elongated style. f, g: Flowers in apical view showing the bases of five sepals (f) and apex of the five-parted ovary; note larger openings in the floral tissue (asterisk) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. Specimens, Mira 100-S170155 (a, holotype), Mira 100-S153145 (b, c, g), Mira 100- S101267 (d), Mira 105-S100732 (e), Mira 100-S101268 (f). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–g). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 1. SEM images of flowers of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Flowers in lateral view showing elongated pedicel, narrowly triangular sepals and elongated protruding style (a); note the large openings in the floral tissue and pedicel (asterisks) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. c: Flower in lateral view with portion of the calyx missing exposing the ovary wall and slightly raised nectariferous ring with probable stomata-like secretory structures (arrow). d: Flower in lateral view showing long pedicel and three of the five tepals; note the elongated narrowly triangular form of the sepals. e: Flower in oblique lateral view with portion of the calyx missing exposing the ovary and elongated style. f, g: Flowers in apical view showing the bases of five sepals (f) and apex of the five-parted ovary; note larger openings in the floral tissue (asterisk) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. Specimens, Mira 100-S170155 (a, holotype), Mira 100-S153145 (b, c, g), Mira 100- S101267 (d), Mira 105-S100732 (e), Mira 100-S101268 (f). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–g).
Text-fig. 21. Femur head from White Patch Bone Site belonging to a large mammal approximately the size of a pygmy hippopotamus, probably an embrithopod. View of ligamentary fossa. in Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique
Text-fig. 21. Femur head from White Patch Bone Site belonging to a large mammal approximately the size of a pygmy hippopotamus, probably an embrithopod. View of ligamentary fossa.
Text-fig. 3. Examples of plant macrofossil assemblages from post-evaporitic sections. a: bedding plane from Ciabòt Cagna covered by impressions of plant parts, with dominance of leaves of cf. Oleinites liguricus M.SACHSE, MCEA-P05038. b: waterloggedcompressed seeds of Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J.GREGOR sieved out of a bulk sediment sample from Pollenzo, MGPTPU141033. c: millimeter-sized, waterlogged-compressed seeds of Sambucus pulchella C.REID et E.REID with abundant cracks, probably formed during both diagenesis and extraction of the fossils (bulk sediment sample from Ciabòt Cagna), MGPT- in Late Messinian Flora From The Post-Evaporitic Deposits Of The Piedmont Basin (Northwest Italy)
Text-fig. 3. Examples of plant macrofossil assemblages from post-evaporitic sections. a: bedding plane from Ciabòt Cagna covered by impressions of plant parts, with dominance of leaves of cf. Oleinites liguricus M.SACHSE, MCEA-P05038. b: waterloggedcompressed seeds of Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J.GREGOR sieved out of a bulk sediment sample from Pollenzo, MGPTPU141033. c: millimeter-sized, waterlogged-compressed seeds of Sambucus pulchella C.REID et E.REID with abundant cracks, probably formed during both diagenesis and extraction of the fossils (bulk sediment sample from Ciabòt Cagna), MGPT-
Text-fig. 7. Cornacaeae (a–j), Icacinaceae (k–o). a–e: Mastixia. USNM PAL 772364. Scale bar = 1 cm. a: Lateral view of eroded endocarp – the opposite side being missing and the endocarp broken near its mid point, reflected light, palladium coated. b–e: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b: Rotated 90° from the view in (a). c: Rotated 90° from the view in (b). d: Rotated 90° from (c), exhibiting the damaged "back" face of the endocarp. e: Axillary view of the endocarp; the opposite end missing as apparent in (d). f–j: Cf. Nyssa. DMNH EPI.47808. Scale bar = 1 cm. Micro-CT scan surface renderings. f: Intact face of the endocarp; note ridges and "apical" point. g: Eroded (?gnawed; note horizontal grooving) opposite face of the endocarp. h: Lateral view of the endocarp, eroded/gnawed face to left. i: Apical view, eroded/gnawn portion below. j: Basal view of endocarp. k–o: Iodes DMNH-EPI.47807. Micro-CT scan surface renderings. Scale bar = 1 cm. k: Face view of endocarp. l: Opposite face of endocarp. m: Lateral view demonstrating the compressed nature of the endocarp, note thickened suture marking the probable track of the primary bundle. n: Apical view, primary bundle trace to right. o: Basal view, primary bundle trace to right. in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 7. Cornacaeae (a–j), Icacinaceae (k–o). a–e: Mastixia. USNM PAL 772364. Scale bar = 1 cm. a: Lateral view of eroded endocarp – the opposite side being missing and the endocarp broken near its mid point, reflected light, palladium coated. b–e: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b: Rotated 90° from the view in (a). c: Rotated 90° from the view in (b). d: Rotated 90° from (c), exhibiting the damaged "back" face of the endocarp. e: Axillary view of the endocarp; the opposite end missing as apparent in (d). f–j: Cf. Nyssa. DMNH EPI.47808. Scale bar = 1 cm. Micro-CT scan surface renderings. f: Intact face of the endocarp; note ridges and "apical" point. g: Eroded (?gnawed; note horizontal grooving) opposite face of the endocarp. h: Lateral view of the endocarp, eroded/gnawed face to left. i: Apical view, eroded/gnawn portion below. j: Basal view of endocarp. k–o: Iodes DMNH-EPI.47807. Micro-CT scan surface renderings. Scale bar = 1 cm. k: Face view of endocarp. l: Opposite face of endocarp. m: Lateral view demonstrating the compressed nature of the endocarp, note thickened suture marking the probable track of the primary bundle. n: Apical view, primary bundle trace to right. o: Basal view, primary bundle trace to right.
Probability maps of exceeding six soil thickness in mainland France
<p>This is the dataset of probability maps of exceeding six soil thickness (i.e. 5, 15, 30, 60, 100, 200 cm) in mainland France produced in the paper "Probability mapping of soil thickness by random survival forest at a national<br> scale" by Chen et al. (2019).</p> <p>Manuscript citation: Chen, S., Mulder, V.L., Martin, M.P., Walter, C., Lacoste, M., Richer-de-Forges, A.C., Saby, N.P., Loiseau, T., Hu, B. and Arrouays, D., 2019. Probability mapping of soil thickness by random survival forest at a national<br> scale. Geoderma, 344, 184-194.</p> <p>When using the data, please cite repositories as well as the original manuscript.</p> <p>For any questions on the data, please contact Dr. Songchao Chen (chensongchao@zju.edu.cn).</p>
Data for Survival probabilities of atmospheric particles: comparison based on theory, cluster population simulations, and observations in Beijing
<p>Data for<em> Survival probabilities of atmospheric particles: comparison based on theory, cluster population simulations, and observations in Beijing </em>(https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-484)</p> <p>Contact Santeri Tuovinen (santeri.tuovinen@helsinki.fi) for more details.</p>
Figure 4. Incorrect crossover operation. The High-High and High-Med probability values summation should be 1.-Genetic Algorithms Principles Towards Hidden Markov Model
<p>In this genetic operator, we choose two chromosomes at random and apply crossover between<br> them. Figure 3 shows the proposed crossover. We choose a crossing cut site at random. It is to be<br> noted that the crossing cut site should be even number. We should have two crossing cut sites. If<br> we make crossing cut site odd number, the resultant child will not have a correct value of<br> probability. The incorrect crossover is shown in Figure 4.</p>
Figure 5. Mutation process. This is happened by decreasing 0.2 from Med-Cold probability and adding 0.2 to Med- Hot.-Genetic Algorithms Principles Towards Hidden Markov Model
<p>Figure 5 illustrates an example of mutation process. In Figure 5, Med-Cold:0.9 and Med-Hot:0.1<br> before mutation and become Med-Cold:0.7 and Med-Hot:0.3 after mutation. This is done by<br> decreasing 0.2 from Med-Cold probability and adding 0.2 to Med-Hot probability.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.