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163 results for “protist”
Figure 4 in Four New Records of Ciliated Protists from Lakshadweep, India
Figure 4. Photomicrographs of live (A-E) and protargol impregnated (F, G) specimens of Spirostomum caudatum Indian population. A. Specimen showing the body shape. B. Posterior end of specimen showing contractile vacuole. C. Specimen showing cortical granules (arrowhead). D. Position and shape of macronuclear nodule with single globular micronucleus (arrow). E. Dorsal view of anterior end of specimen showing dorsal ridges, F. Specimen showing elliptical macronuclear nodule, G. Specimen showing adoral zone of membranelles and somatic kineties. AZM, adoral zone membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; DR, dorsal ridge; Ma - Macronuclear nodule; SK - Somatic Kinety. Scale bars: 50 μm.
Figure 3 in Four New Records of Ciliated Protists from Lakshadweep, India
Figure 3. Photomicrographs of live (A-D) and protargol impregnated (E-H) specimens of Condylostoma curvum Indian population. A, B. Specimen showing the body shape (A), cortical granules (small arrow) and somatic kineties (arrowhead) (B). C. Anterior end of specimen showing buccal lip (arrowhead). D. Position and shape of macronuclear nodules. E, H. Dorsal (E) and ventral (H) view of specimens showing body shape and somatic kinety rows. F. Enlarged view of macronuclear nodules, G. Buccal field with peristomial kineties (arrowhead). Ma - Macronuclear nodules. Scale bars: 40 μm.
Figure 2 in New Records of Two Ciliated Protists from India
Figure 2. Photomicrographs of live (A-D) and protargol impregnated (E-H) specimens of Anteholosticha monilata Indian population. A-D. Specimens from live, showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, nuclear apparatus arranged in a row, and ciliature. Inset in 9B) shows the lateral view of a specimen. E-G. Specimens showing ciliature on the ventral surface. Arrowhead in (F) points to the buccal cirrus. H. A specimen, showing ciliature on the dorsal surface. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; DK, dorsal kineties; LM, left marginal row; MA, macronuclear nodules; MI, micronuclei; MVP, mid-ventral cirral pairs; RM, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars 50 μm.
Figure 1 in New Records of Two Ciliated Protists from India
Figure 1. Photomicrographs of protargol impregnated specimens of Lembadion lucens. A-C. Specimens, showing the body shape, ciliary structures, and nuclear apparatus. Arrowheads in (A) point to the gradually shortened outer rows of adoral membranelles posteriorly. D. A divider. MA, macronuclear nodules; PM, paroral membrane. Scale bars 20 μm.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Protist community composition in the water column on the East Greenland shelf, May 2022.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Protist community composition in the water column on the East Greenland shelf, May 2022". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/270fc4bf-3225-4af4-a5c0-dca8652ac37c">https://bionomia.net/dataset/270fc4bf-3225-4af4-a5c0-dca8652ac37c</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/270fc4bf-3225-4af4-a5c0-dca8652ac37c">https://gbif.org/dataset/270fc4bf-3225-4af4-a5c0-dca8652ac37c</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 6 in Contemporary integrative taxonomy for sexually deprived protists: A case study of Trachelomonas (Euglenaceae) from western Ukraine
Fig. 6. Loricae showing different shape and ornamentation (SEM; all at the same scale). A, Lorica of Trachelomonas sp.GeoM*524; B, Lorica of Trachelomonas sp. GeoM 526; C, Lorica of Trachelomonas hispida var. irregularis GeoM 529; D, Protologue of Trachelomonas hispida var. irregularis.
Fig. 4 in Contemporary integrative taxonomy for sexually deprived protists: A case study of Trachelomonas (Euglenaceae) from western Ukraine
Fig. 4. Different ontogenetic stages and empty loricae of selected Trachelomonas strains (LM; all at the same scale). M–P, Young immature cell, mature naked cell, mature loricate cell and empty lorica of Trachelomonas teres var. minor GeoM 527; Q–T, Young immature cell, mature naked cell, mature loricate cell and empty lorica of Trachelomonas hispida var. irregularis GeoM 529; U–X, Young immature cell, mature naked cell, mature loricate cell and empty lorica of Trachelomonas teres var. granulata GeoM 540.
Fig. 2 in Contemporary integrative taxonomy for sexually deprived protists: A case study of Trachelomonas (Euglenaceae) from western Ukraine
Fig. 2. Box plot display of cell width of investigated mature naked cells and mature loricate cells of Trachelomonas strains. Statistically significant clusters are indicated with letters a or b and green or red colour, corresponding to the phylogenetic tree (see Fig. 7).
Fig. 1 in Contemporary integrative taxonomy for sexually deprived protists: A case study of Trachelomonas (Euglenaceae) from western Ukraine
Fig. 1. Box plot display of cell length of investigated mature naked cells and mature loricate cells of Trachelomonas strains. Statistically significant clusters are indicated with letters a or b and green or red colour, corresponding to the phylogenetic tree (see Fig. 7).
Fig. 5 in Contemporary integrative taxonomy for sexually deprived protists: A case study of Trachelomonas (Euglenaceae) from western Ukraine
Fig. 5. LM, epitype, SEM and protologue images of mature Trachelomonas cells from selected strains. A–F, Mature loricate cells (A & B), epitype images (C & D), SEM image (E) and protologue (F) of Trachelomonas hispida var. volicensis GeoM 520; G–L, Mature loricate cells (G & H), epitype images (I & J), SEM image (K) and protologue (L) of Trachelomonas teres var. minor GeoM 527; M–R, Mature loricate cells (M & N), epitype images (O & P), SEM image (Q) and protologue (R) of Trachelomonas teres var. granulata GeoM 540.
Fig. 3 in Contemporary integrative taxonomy for sexually deprived protists: A case study of Trachelomonas (Euglenaceae) from western Ukraine
Fig. 3. Different ontogenetic stages and empty loricae of selected Trachelomonas strains (LM; all at the same scale). A–D, Young immature cell, mature naked cell, mature loricate cell and empty lorica of Trachelomonas hispida var. volicensis GeoM 520; E–H, Young immature cell, mature naked cell, mature loricate cell and empty lorica of Trachelomonas sp. GeoM*524; I–L, Young immature cell, mature naked cell, mature loricate cell and empty lorica of Trachelomonas sp. GeoM 526.
FIG. 3 in The Bacterial Diversity Lurking in Protist Cell Cultures
FIG. 3. Relative abundance of each bacterial scaffold in Illumina sequencing libraries, represented as proportion of length normalized read pairs for the portion of each sequencing library mapping to the bacterial scaffolds. The two Alcanivorax sp. DSM 26293 scaffolds are marked with asterisks (*).
Data from: Phylogenetic relatedness drives protists assembly in marine and terrestrial environments
<p>Aim: Assembly of protists communities is known to be driven mainly by environmental filtering, but the imprint of phylogenetic relatedness is unknown. In this study, we aim to test the degree at which co-occurrences and co-exclusions of protists in different phylogenetic relatedness classes are deviating from random expectation in two ecosystems in order to link them to ecological processes.</p> <p>Location: Global open-oceans and Neotropical rainforest soils</p> <p>Major taxa: Protists</p> <p>Time period: 2009-2013</p> <p>Methods: Protist metabarcoding data originated from two large scale studies. Co-occurrence and co-exclusion networks were constructed using a recent method combining a null distribution model with Spearman's rank correlation coefficients among pairs of OTU. Phylogenetic relatedness was estimated using either global pairwise sequence distance or phylogenetic distance inferred from best maximum-likelihood trees derived from multiple alignments of OTU representative sequences. Significance of observed patterns relating networks and phylogenies were evaluated by distance classes against two null models in which either the tips of the phylogenetic trees or the network edges were randomized.</p> <p>Results: Closely-related protists co-occurred more often than expected by chance in all datasets, but also co-excluded less often than expected by chance in the marine dataset only. Concurrent excess of co-occurrences and co-exclusions were observed at intermediate phylogenetic distances in the marine dataset.</p> <p>Main conclusions: This suggest that environmental filtering and dispersal limitation are the dominant forces driving protists co-occurrences in both environments, while signal of competitive exclusion was only detected in the marine environment. Co-exclusion differences are potentially linked to the individual environments: marine waters are more homogeneous, while the rainforest soils contain a myriad of nutrient rich micro-environment reducing the strength of mutual exclusion.</p>
Data from: Selection on growth rate and local adaptation drive genomic adaptation during experimental range expansions in the protist Tetrahymena thermophila
<p>1. Populations that expand their range can undergo rapid evolutionary adaptation of life-history traits, dispersal behaviour, and adaptation to the local environment. Such adaptation may be aided or hindered by sexual reproduction, depending on the context.</p> <p>2. However, few empirical and experimental studies have investigated the genetic basis of adaptive evolution during range expansions. Even less attention has been given to the question how sexual reproduction may modulate such adaptive evolution during range expansions.</p> <p>3. We here studied genomic adaptation during experimental range expansions of the protist <em>Tetrahymena thermophila</em>in landscapes with a uniform environment or a pH-gradient. Specifically, we investigated two aspects of genomic adaptation during range expansion. Firstly, we investigated adaptive genetic change in terms of the underlying numbers of allele frequency changes from standing genetic variation and <em>de novo</em><span> variants. We focused on how sexual reproduction may alter this adaptive genetic change. Secondly, we identified genes subject to selection caused by the expanding range itself, and directional selection due to the presence or absence of the pH-gradient. We focused this analysis on alleles with large frequency changes that occurred in parallel in more than one population to identify the most likely candidate targets of selection. </span></p> <p><span>4. We found that sexual reproduction altered adaptive genetic change both in terms of <em>de novo</em></span><span> variants and standing genetic variation. However, sexual reproduction affected allele frequency changes in standing genetic variation only in the absence of long-distance gene flow. Adaptation to the range expansion affected genes involved in cell divisions and DNA repair, whereas adaptation to the pH-gradient additionally affected genes involved in ion balance, and oxidoreductase reactions. These genetic changes may result from selection on growth and adaptation to low pH. </span></p> <p><span>5. In the absence of gene flow, sexual reproduction may have aided genetic adaptation. Gene flow may have swamped expanding populations with maladapted alleles, thus reducing the extent of evolutionary adaptation during range expansion. Sexual reproduction also altered the genetic basis of adaptation in our evolving populations via <em>de novo </em>variants, possibly by purging deleterious mutations or by revealing fitness benefits of rare genetic variants. </span></p>
Fig. 3 in Redescriptions of Euplotes encysticus and E. rariseta (Protist: Ciliophora: Euplotida)
Fig. 3. Micrographs of excystment of Euplotes encysticus. (a) Cyst of cell 1, (b-j) time series lasting 6 minutes 52 seconds documenting excystment of cell 2, (i) empty cyst and trophozoit, (j) trophozoit. All images are DIC images. Scale bar in (j) = 25 μm.
Fig. 1 in Redescriptions of Euplotes encysticus and E. rariseta (Protist: Ciliophora: Euplotida)
Fig. 1. Drawings of Euplotes encysticus (a-d) and E. rariseta (e-h). (a) E. encysticus and (e) E. rariseta in vivo, E. encysticus (b-d) and E. rariseta (f-h) after protargol impregnation. (b) and (f) ventral views, (c) and (g) dorsal views, (d) and (h) different shapes of macronucleus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; PM, paroral membrane; FVC, fronto-ventral cirri; TC, transverse cirri; CC, caudal cirri; MC, marginal cirrus; DK, dorsal kineties; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus. Scale bars in (b) for (a-c) and in (d) represents 20 μm, in (f) for (e-g) and in (h) represent 10 μm.
Fig. 4 in Redescriptions of Euplotes encysticus and E. rariseta (Protist: Ciliophora: Euplotida)
Fig. 4. Micrographs of Euplotes rariseta strain KM401 (a-c) in vivo and strain KM444 (d-f) after protargol impregnation. (a) Dorsal ridges (arrowheads) of E. rariseta, (b) ventral view showing longitudinal ridges (arrowheads), (c) ventral view showing FVC and TC, (d) ventral view showing AZM (adoral zone of membranelles), FVC (fronto-ventral cirri), TC (transvers cirri), PM (paroral membrane), (e) dorsal view showing dorsal kineties, (f) ventral view showing ventral kineties and Ma (macronucleus). Scale bars in (c) for (a-c) represent 20 μm and in (f) for (d-f) represent 10 μm.
Fig. 2 in Redescriptions of Euplotes encysticus and E. rariseta (Protist: Ciliophora: Euplotida)
Fig. 2. Micrographs of Euplotes encysticus strain KF403 (a-c) in vivo and (d-f) after protargol impregnation. (a) Dorsal views showing contractile vacuole (CV) and adoral membranelles, (b) dorsal ridges (arrowheads), (c) ventral side showing FVC (fronto-ventral cirri) and TC (transvers cirri), (d) ventral view showing AZM (adoral zone of membranelles), PM (paroral membrane), FVC, TC, CC (caudal cirri), MC (marginal cirri), Ma (macronucleus), Mi (micronucleus), (e) dorsal side showing DK (dorsal kineties), (f) note 3 CC. Scale bars in (c) for (a-c) and in (f) for (d-f) represent 20 μm.
Fig. 4. A in Good Reasons and Guidance for Mapping Planktonic Protist Distributions
Fig. 4. A variogram for the ciliate Pleuronema sp. (inset) abundance. The best fit to the data (points) provided a pure nugget model; i.e. the distribution is random at the measured scale (40 m), with no observed patchiness.
Fig. 3. A in Good Reasons and Guidance for Mapping Planktonic Protist Distributions
Fig. 3. A time series of Cyrtostrombidium sp. (inset) abundance during ~ 1 year at a fix point in a coastal lagoon. The autocorrelation function indicates positive spikes for weeks 2, 3 and 4 suggesting a persistence of Cyrtostrombidium bloom for ~ 1 month. Horizontal dashed lines indicate the ~ 95% confidence interval for the signifi- cance of each autocorrelation value.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.