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F I G U R E 3 in Another ghost of Gondwana-Progradungula barringtonensis Michalik & Smith, sp. nov., a new species of the relict spider genus Progradungula (Araneae: Gradungulidae) from a temperate rainforest in eastern Australia
F I G U R E 3 Progradungula barringtonensis sp. nov. (holotype, AMS KS.129955). (a) Ventral view of spinnerets. (b) Tarsus of leg I (left) and leg II (right). (c) Left male palp in prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view (from left to right). Abbreviations: mA, median apophysis; mH, median hematodocha; PE, process of embolus; Te, tegulum. Scale bars: 1 mm.
F I G U R E 4 in Another ghost of Gondwana-Progradungula barringtonensis Michalik & Smith, sp. nov., a new species of the relict spider genus Progradungula (Araneae: Gradungulidae) from a temperate rainforest in eastern Australia
F I G U R E 4 Progradungula carraiensis (male, AMS KS.6740). This is the specimen used for the description of the male characters of this species (Gray 1983). Due to conservational issues the specimen is largely discoloured. (a) Habitus. (b) Tarsus of leg I. (c) Tarsus of leg II. (d) Right male pedipalp in retrolateral, ventral and prolateral view (from left to right). Abbreviations: mA, median apophysis. Scale bars: 1 mm.
F I G U R E 2 in Another ghost of Gondwana-Progradungula barringtonensis Michalik & Smith, sp. nov., a new species of the relict spider genus Progradungula (Araneae: Gradungulidae) from a temperate rainforest in eastern Australia
F I G U R E 2 Progradungula barringtonensis sp. nov. (holotype, AMS KS.129955). (a) Lateral view. (b) Dorsal view of body. (c) Ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
F I G U R E 1 in Another ghost of Gondwana-Progradungula barringtonensis Michalik & Smith, sp. nov., a new species of the relict spider genus Progradungula (Araneae: Gradungulidae) from a temperate rainforest in eastern Australia
F I G U R E 1 (a) Distribution map of the known Progradungula species. (b) Habitat of Progradungula barringtonensis sp. nov. in Barrington Tops National Park, New South Wales. (c) Male of P. barringtonensis sp. nov. (holotype, AMS KS.129955).
Figure 3. A in Osmylidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Atlantic rainforest in southeastern Brazil and new records for Gumilla adspersus Navás, 1912
Figure 3. A. Gumilla adspersus Navás, 1912 (Neuroptera, Osmylidae), habitus dorsal (photo by Rogério Dias on the iNaturalist website). B. Distribution map of Isostenosmylus pulverulentus (Gerstaecker, 1894) and Gumilla adspersus Navás, 1912. (Neuroptera: Osmylidae) and their occurrence records to South America. / Figura 3. A. Gumilla adspersus Navás, 1912 (Neuroptera, Osmylidae), habitus dorsal (foto de Rogério Días en el sitio iNaturalist). B. Mapa de distribución de Isostenosmylus pulverulentus (Gerstaecker, 1894) y Gumilla adspersus Navás, 1912 (Neuroptera: Osmylidae) y sus registros de presencia en Sudamérica.
Figure 2 in Osmylidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Atlantic rainforest in southeastern Brazil and new records for Gumilla adspersus Navás, 1912
Figure 2. Population fluctuation of Osmylidae (Neuroptera) collected with Malaise traps in five areas of Atlantic rainforest of São Paulo state, Brazil, between October 2009 and December 2011. / Figura 2. Fluctuación poblacional de Osmylidae (Neuroptera) recolectada con trampas Malaise en cinco áreas de la selva atlántica del estado de São Paulo, Brasil, entre octubre de 2009 y diciembre de 2011. EEJI = Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins, PEI = Parque Estadual Intervales, PEMD = Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo and PESM/NSV = Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - Núcleo Santa VirgÍnia.
Figure 1 in Osmylidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Atlantic rainforest in southeastern Brazil and new records for Gumilla adspersus Navás, 1912
Figure 1.Dorsal habitus of the studied Osmylidae (Neuroptera) species.A. Isostenosmylus pulverulentus (Gerstaecker, 1894). B. Gumilla adspersus Navás, 1912. / Figura 1. Habito dorsal de las especies de Osmylidae (Neuroptera) estudiadas. A. Isostenosmylus pulverulentus (Gerstaecker, 1894). B. Gumilla adspersus Navás, 1912.
Data and scripts for: Island geography drives evolution of rattan palms in tropical Asian rainforests
<p>This repository contains data and scripts for the research paper "<strong>Island geography drives evolution of rattan palms in tropical Asian rainforests</strong>".</p> <p><strong>Authors</strong>: Benedikt G. Kuhnhäuser, Christopher D. Bates, John Dransfield, Connie Geri, Andrew Henderson, Sang Julia, Jun Ying Lim, Robert J. Morley, Himmah Rustiami, Rowan J. Schley, Sidonie Bellot, Guillaume Chomicki, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Simon J. Hiscock, William J. Baker</p> <p>Corresponding authors: <a href="mailto:b.kuhnhaeuser@kew.org">b.kuhnhaeuser@kew.org</a>, <a href="mailto:w.baker@kew.org">w.baker@kew.org</a></p> <h3> </h3> <p>The repository contains the following data, scripts, supplementary figures, and supplementary tables:</p> <p>1. Phylogenomic analyses<br>- Alignments<br>- Gene trees<br>- Species trees<br>- README file</p> <p>2. Divergence time estimation<br>- .xml files (containing both sequence data and analysis parameters)<br>- dated trees<br>- README file</p> <p>3. Ancestral range estimation<br>- input data<br>- scripts<br>- input data, intermediate data and scripts for the best model<br>- README file</p> <p>4. Downstream biogeographic analyses<br>- input data<br>- script<br>- README file</p> <p>5. Supplementary Figures</p> <p>6. Supplementary Tables</p>
Fig. 2 in A new Gravesia (Melastomataceae, Sonerileae) from the Bemangidy-Ivohibe rainforest of southeastern Madagascar
Fig. 2. − Gravesia parvula Almeda & Ranarivelo showing habit, a flower (lower left), and an infructescence reduced to a single capsule with enveloping hypanthium (upper left). [Photo: S. Razafimandimbison]
Fig. 1 in A new Gravesia (Melastomataceae, Sonerileae) from the Bemangidy-Ivohibe rainforest of southeastern Madagascar
Fig. 1. – Gravesia parvula Almeda & Ranarivelo. A. Habit; B. Representative leaf (abaxial surface); C. Detail of indumentum on inflorescence peduncle; D. Petal (adaxial surface); E. Antesepalous (large) stamen (partial dorsal view); F. Antesepalous (large) stamen (ventral view); G. Antepetalous (small) stamen (dorsal view); H. Style and stigma; I. Mature hypanthium enveloping capsule (profile view); J. Seed. [A-C, E-F, H-J: Razafimandimbison et al. 1517, CAS; D, G: Razakamalala et al. 2327, MO] [Drawings: A. Chou]
Amazon Rainforest Resilience Data
<p>Dataset and code to accompany 'Pronounced loss of Amazon rainforest resilience since the early 2000s'.</p>
Ficus trees with upregulated or downregulated defence did not impact predation on their neighbours in a tropical rainforest
<p>Trees can emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when under attack by herbivores, and these signals can also be detected by natural enemies and neighbouring trees. There is still limited knowledge of intra- and inter-specific communication in diverse habitats. We studied the effects of induced VOC emissions by three <em>Ficus</em> species on predation on the focal <em>Ficus</em> trees in a lowland tropical rainforest in Papua New Guinea. Further we assessed predation across a phylogenetically diverse set of neighbouring tree species. Two of the focal tree species, <em>Ficus pachyrrhachis</em> and <em>F. hispidioides</em>, have strong alkaloid-based constitutive defences while the third one, <em>F. wassa</em>, is lower in constitutive chemical defences. We experimentally manipulated the jasmonic acid signalling pathway by spraying the focal individuals with either methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DIECA). These treatments induce increases or decreases in VOC emissions, respectively. We tested the possible effects of VOC emissions on each focal <em>Ficus</em> tree and two of its neighbours by measuring the predation rate of plasticine caterpillars. We found that predation increased after the MeJA application in only one focal tree species, <em>F. wassa</em>, while the DIECA application had no effect on any of the three focal species. Further, we did not detect an effect of our treatments on predation rates across neighbouring trees. Neither the phylogenetic distance of the neighbouring tree from the focal tree nor the physical distance from the focal tree had any effect on predation rates for any of the three focal <em>Ficus</em> species. These results suggest that even congeneric tree species vary in their response to the MeJA and DIECA treatment and subsequent response to VOC emissions by predators. Our results also suggest that MeJA effects did not spill over to neighbouring trees in highly diverse tropical rainforest vegetation.</p>
Figs 7–8 in Platygonia Melichar, 1925 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini): a new species from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, key to species of the genus, and notes on P. undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899)
Figs 7–8. Platygonia undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899), holotype, ♀. 7. Original illustration provided by Fowler (1899: tab. xvi, fig. 21). 8. Body, in dorsal view, from Wilson et al. (2009).
Figs 3–6 in Platygonia Melichar, 1925 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini): a new species from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, key to species of the genus, and notes on P. undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899)
Figs 3–6. Platygonia nigra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA). 3. Pygofer, lateral view. 4. Subgenital plate, ventral view. 5. Connective and style, dorsal view. 6. Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: 3 = 0.5 mm; 4–6 = 0.25 mm.
Figs 1–2 in Platygonia Melichar, 1925 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini): a new species from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, key to species of the genus, and notes on P. undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899)
Figs 1–2. Platygonia nigra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA). 1. Body, dorsal view. 2. Body, lateral view. Scale bars = 2 mm.
Fig. 9 in Platygonia Melichar, 1925 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini): a new species from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, key to species of the genus, and notes on P. undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899)
Fig. 9. Known distribution of species of Platygonia Melichar, 1925. Countries: BR = Brazil; CO = Colombia; CR = Costa Rica; EC = Ecuador; PA = Panama; PE = Peru.
Data on rainforest birds from line transect surveys in the Kalakad - Mundathurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India
<p>This dataset contains data on rainforest bird communities collected along line transects in Kalakad - Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India, as part of doctoral research leading up to the following thesis:<br>Raman, T. R. S. 2001. Community ecology and conservation of mid-elevation tropical rainforest bird communities in the southern Western Ghats, India. PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.<br><br>Part of the data (from transects T2 and T3, in particular) was used in the following publication:<br>Raman, T. R. S. 2003. Assessment of census techniques for inter-specific comparisons of tropical rainforest bird densities. <em>Ibis</em> 145: 9-21. <a href="http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00105.x">http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00105.x</a><br><br>The Raman (2003) publication also uses bird point count data (from T2 and T3) available in a related dataset: <br>Raman, T. R. S., Mudappa, D., Jeganathan, P., Joshi, N. V., Sukumar, R. 2022. Data on bird communities and vegetation in relation to altitude and habitat alteration in the Kalakad - Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India. Dryad, Dataset, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.41ns1rngj">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.41ns1rngj</a></p> <p>GEOGRAPHICAL AREA: Kalakad-Mundathurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), 895 km² sanctuary located between 8°25′ to 8°53′ N and 77°10′ to 77°35′ E in Tamil Nadu state in the Western Ghats mountain range of India.</p> <p>TAXONOMIC SCOPE: Birds, mammals</p> <p>ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: I am grateful to P. Pavithra for help with data entry and compilation.</p>
Edge effects and vertical stratification of aerial insectivorous bats across the interface of primary-secondary Amazonian rainforest
<p><span>Edge effects - abiotic and biotic changes associated with habitat boundaries - are key drivers of community change in fragmented landscapes. Their influence is heavily modulated by matrix composition. With over half of the world's tropical forests predicted to become forest edge by the end of the </span><span>century, it is paramount that conservationists gain a better understanding of how tropical biota is impacted by edge gradients. Bats comprise a large fraction of tropical mammalian fauna and are demonstrably sensitive to habitat modification. Yet, </span><span>knowledge about how bat assemblages are affected by edge effects remains scarce</span><span>. Capitalizing on a whole-ecosystem manipulation in the Central Amazon, the aims of this study were to i) assess the consequences of edge effects for twelve aerial insectivorous bat species across the interface of primary and secondary forest and ii) investigate if the activity levels of these species differed between the understory and canopy and if they were modulated by distance from the edge</span><span>. Acoustic surveys were conducted along four 2-km transects each traversing equal parts of primary and ca. 30-year-old secondary forest. Five models were used to assess the changes in the relative activity of forest specialists (three species), flexible forest foragers (three species), and edge foragers (six species). Modelling results revealed no evidence of edge effects, except for forest specialists in the understory. No significant differences in activity were found between the secondary or primary forest but most species exhibited pronounced vertical stratification. Our study highlights that forest specialist bats are more edge-sensitive than both flexible forest and edge foraging bats and suggests that the influence of edge effects on aerial insectivorous bats may exceed 2 km. The absence of pronounced edge effects and the comparable activity levels between primary and old secondary forests indicates that old secondary forest can help ameliorate the consequences of fragmentation on tropical aerial insectivorous bats. </span></p>
Small mammals reduce distance-dependence and increase seed predation risk in tropical rainforest fragments
Seed predation and reduced predation risk with distance from conspecific trees are important influences on tree regeneration in tropical forests. Shifts in animal communities, such as an increase in rodents and other small mammals due to forest fragmentation, could alter patterns of seed predation and affect tree regeneration and community dynamics in forest fragments. We performed a field experiment on four native rainforest tree species in the Western Ghats, India, to test whether fragmentation increases seed predation by mammals and alters the distance-dependence of seed predation. We monitored seed predation within open and mammal-exclosure plots, near and far from the canopies of conspecific trees, in contiguous and fragmented forests. Seed predation of Cullenia exarillata, Ormosia travancorica, and Syzygium rubicundum was markedly higher in forest fragments, and more so within open plots than exclosures, while the predominantly insect-predated Acronychia pedunculata experienced similar predation in contiguous forests and fragments. Seed predation of C. exarillata and S. rubicundum was unrelated to distance from conspecific trees in open plots in both contiguous forests and fragments, in contrast to exclosures that showed marked near versus far differences in seed predation. Our findings suggest that by increasing overall seed predation risk and imposing similar seed predation risk near and far from adults variably across the tree species, small mammals could alter processes that shape tree diversity and species composition in fragmented tropical rainforests.
Changes in trait covariance along an orographic moisture gradient reveal the relative importance of light- and moisture-driven trade-offs in subtropical rainforest communities
<p>•<span> </span>A range of functional trait-based approaches have been developed to investigate community assembly processes, but most ignore how traits covary within communities. </p> <p>•<span> </span>We combined existing approaches (community-weighted means [CWMs] and functional dispersion [FDis]) with a metric of trait covariance to examine assembly processes in five angiosperm assemblages along a moisture gradient in Australia's subtropics. In addition to testing hypotheses about habitat filtering along the gradient, we hypothesised that trait covariance would be strongest at both ends of the moisture gradient and weakest in the middle, reflecting trade-offs associated with light capture in productive sites and moisture stress in dry sites.</p> <p>•<span> </span>CWMs revealed evidence of climatic filtering, but FDis patterns were less clear. As hypothesised, trait covariance was weakest in the middle of the gradient, but unexpectedly peaked at the second driest site due to the emergence of a clear drought tolerance – drought avoidance spectrum. At the driest site, the same spectrum was truncated at the 'avoider' end, revealing important information about habitat filtering in this system.</p> <p>•<span> </span>Our focus on trait covariance revealed the nature and strength of trade-offs imposed by light and moisture availability, and complemented insights gained about community assembly from existing trait-based approaches. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.