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FIG. 1 in Re-assessment of the suids from the Sables marins de Montpellier and selection of a lectotype for Sus provincialis Blainville, 1847

FIG. 1. — Blainville's (1847) hypodigm of Sus provincialis Blainville, 1847 from Montpellier: A, corresponds to UM SM 460, right M3/ which is here designated as the lectotype of the species; B, corresponds to UM SM 394, left D4/ (illustrated in reverse); C,corresponds to a specimen (right m/2-m/3 illustrated in reverse) housed in the MNHN which may be the specimen attributed to Sus strozzii Meneghini, 1862 by Fejfar (1964).

FIG. 5 in Re-assessment of the suids from the Sables marins de Montpellier and selection of a lectotype for Sus provincialis Blainville, 1847

FIG. 5. — Dasychoerus strozzii (Meneghini, 1862) from the Sables marins de Montpellier (MNHN.F.MON13), views of the distal end of the m/3 to show grooves and undulations in the walls of the talonid: A, oblique slightly lingual view; B, distal view showing buccally tilted distal root; C, oblique slightly buccal view. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 2 in Re-assessment of the suids from the Sables marins de Montpellier and selection of a lectotype for Sus provincialis Blainville, 1847

FIG. 2. — Gervais' (1850, 1859) hypodigm of Sus provincialis Blainville, 1847 with his plate and figure numbers: A, SM 461, right M2/ (correct orientation), pl. 3, fig. 2; B, SM 460, lectotype right M3/ (correct orientation), pl. 3, fig. 1; C, MNHN.F.MON13, left m/2-m/3 (reversed) pl. 3, fig. 3 here attributed to Dasychoerus strozzii (Meneghini, 1862); arrow points to the hypoplastic groove on the lingual side of the m/2; D, SM 462, left m/2 (reversed), pl. 3, fig. 5; E, left m/3, pl. 3, fig. 4, (reversed, specimen lost? Cast in MNHN); F, p/3 pl. 3, fig. 6 (specimen lost?) in lingual (F1) and occlusal (F2) views; G, D4/ pl. 8, fig. 9 (specimen lost?); H, SM 392, lateral view of right mandible containing p/3-m/2 (reversed), pl. 22, fig. 8. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 4 in Re-assessment of the suids from the Sables marins de Montpellier and selection of a lectotype for Sus provincialis Blainville, 1847

FIG. 4. — Dasychoerus strozzii (Meneghini, 1862), left m/2-m/3, from the Sables marins de Montpellier, MNHN.F.MON13: A, stereo occlusal view; B, buccal view; C, radicular view; D, lingual view. Note the hypoplastic groove on the lingual aspect of the m/2 (arrow) which provides strong evidence that this is the specimen figured by Gervais (1850, 1859) in reverse (see Fig. 1C, 3C above in which the hypoplastic groove is visible on the lingual side of the occlusal view (i.e. the left side in the image). Scale bar: 10 mm.

Fig. 5 in Re-assessment of varanid evolution based on new data from Saniwa ensidens Leidy, 1870 (Squamata, Reptilia)

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the extant Varanus species as presented by Ast (2001, 2002a). The left side shows all of the species included in her analysis. The right side is a cladogram of the same topology, but with only the species included in both Ast (2001, 2002a) and the current morphological analysis.

Fig. 4 in Re-assessment of varanid evolution based on new data from Saniwa ensidens Leidy, 1870 (Squamata, Reptilia)

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic hypothesis generated by analysis of the RMA when all fossil taxa are deleted. Note that this topology shows similarities with the morphological analyses in figures 2 and 3, and also with that of the molecular analysis of Ast (2001) (fig. 5).

Fig. 2 in Re-assessment of varanid evolution based on new data from Saniwa ensidens Leidy, 1870 (Squamata, Reptilia)

Fig. 2. Strict (left) and Adams rule (right) consensus cladograms representing areas of interest from the global analysis of squamate relationships described in the text (note, non-varaniform taxa omitted). Extinct taxa are denoted by daggers (†). Groups A and B (from the text) are identified here and referred to again in figure 4.

Fig. 1 in Re-assessment of varanid evolution based on new data from Saniwa ensidens Leidy, 1870 (Squamata, Reptilia)

Fig. 1. Skulls of three varanines in dorsal view: (A) Saniwa ensidens (reconstructed based on FMNH PR 2378), (B) Varanus albigularis (AMNH R 47726), and (C) Varanus gouldii (drawn after Maisano, 2001b). Note the general conservation of features between the three taxa. Saniwa ensidens possesses a greater contribution of the prefrontal to the dorsal skull roof and that the maxillae extend further dorsomedially (Rieppel and Grande, 2007). Reconstructed portions Saniwa ensidens are shown as semi-opaque shadows to minimize the morphology they hide. Note that the right palpebral has been removed from Varanus albigularis and that this taxon has a large and elaborate septomaxilla. Abbreviations: e, epipterygoid; n, nasal; pap, palpebral; sm, septomaxilla.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Re-assessment of the climatic controls on the carbon and water fluxes of a boreal aspen forest over 1996-2016: changing sensitivity to long-term climatic conditions

Recent evidence suggests that the relationships between climate and boreal tree growth are generally non-stationary; however, it remains uncertain whether the relationships between climate and carbon (C) fluxes of boreal forests are stationary or have changed over recent decades. In this study, we used continuous eddy-covariance and microclimate data over 21 years (1996-2016) from a 100-year-old trembling aspen stand in central Saskatchewan, Canada to assess the relationships between climate and ecosystem C and water fluxes. Over the study period, the most striking climatic event was a severe, 3-year drought (2001-2003). Gross ecosystem production (GEP) showed larger interannual variability than ecosystem respiration (Re) over 1996-2016, but Re was the dominant component contributing to the interannual variation in net ecosystem production (NEP) during post-drought years. The inter-annual variations in evapotranspiration (ET) and C fluxes were primarily driven by temperature and secondarily by water availability. Two-factor linear models combining precipitation and temperature performed well in explaining the inter-annual variation in C and water fluxes (R2>0.5). The temperature dependence of all three C fluxes (NEP, GEP and Re) declined over 1996-2015 (p<0.05), and as a result, the phenological controls on annual NEP weakened. The decreasing temperature sensitivity of the C fluxes over 1996-2015 may reflect changes in forest structure, related to the over-maturity of the aspen stand at 100-years of age and exacerbated by high tree mortality following the severe 2001-2003 drought. These results may provide an early warning signal of driver shift or even an abrupt status shift of aspen forest dynamics. They may also imply a universal weakening in the relationship between temperature and GEP as forests become over-mature, associated with the structural and compositional changes that accompany forest ageing.

zenodo36/100

Supplementary Alignment Files from: A re-assessment of diversity among Philippine gymnures (Mammalia: Erinaceidae: Podogymnura), with a new species from Eastern Mindanao

This dataset upload contains two sequence alignment files used in the phylogenetic analysis of Podogymnura from eastern Mindanao, Philippines. One sequence alignment file contains the complete annotated sequence alignment of CYTB and 12S rRNA, including alignment-ambiguous positions, aligned according to the secondary structure model for mammalian 12S rRNA by Springer & Douzery (1996). The second sequence alignment file contains the concatenated sequence alignment after alignment-ambiguous positions were removed, which was used in the phylogenetic analysis.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Re-assessment of the climatic controls on the carbon and water fluxes of a boreal aspen forest over 1996-2016: changing sensitivity to long-term climatic conditions

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicApr 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Re-assessing the diversity of negative strand RNA viruses in insects

The spectrum of viruses in insects is important for subjects as diverse as public health, veterinary medicine, food production, and biodiversity conservation. The traditional interest in vector-borne diseases of humans and livestock has drawn the attention of virus studies to hematophagous insect species. However, these represent only a tiny fraction of the broad diversity of Hexapoda, the most speciose group of animals. Here, we systematically probed the diversity of negative strand RNA viruses in the largest and most representative collection of insect transcriptomes from samples representing all 34 extant orders of Hexapoda and 3 orders of Entognatha, as well as outgroups, altogether representing 1243 species. Based on profile hidden Markov models we detected 488 viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences with similarity to negative strand RNA viruses. These were identified in members of 324 arthropod species. Selection for length, quality, and uniqueness left 234 sequences for analyses, showing similarity to genomes of viruses classified in Bunyavirales (n=86), Articulavirales (n=54), and several orders within Haploviricotina (n=94). Coding-complete genomes or nearly-complete subgenomic assemblies were obtained in 61 cases. Based on phylogenetic topology and the availability of coding complete genomes we estimate that at least 20 novel viral genera in seven families need to be defined, only two of them monospecific. Seven additional viral clades emerge when adding sequences from the present study to formerly monospecific lineages, potentially requiring up to seven additional genera. One long sequence may indicate a novel family. For segmented viruses, cophylogenies between genome segments were generally improved by the inclusion of viruses from the present study, suggesting that in silico misassembly of segmented genomes is rare or absent. Contrary to previous assessments, significant virus-host codivergence was identified in major phylogenetic lineages based on two different approaches of codivergence analysis in a hypotheses testing framework. In spite of these additions to the known spectrum of viruses in insects, we caution that basing taxonomic decisions on genome information alone is challenging due to technical uncertainties, such as the inability to prove integrity of complete genome assemblies of segmented viruses.

opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

FIGURE 17 in A re-assessment of Konarus Bamber, 2006 and sympatric leptocheliids from Australasia, and of Pseudoleptochelia Lang, 1973 (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea)

FIGURE 17. PCA ordination plot on the axes PCA1 and PCA3, for the females of twelve taxa of the Konariinae, with ovals grouping Parakonarus (filled circles, positive on PCA1) and Konarus (filled squares, negative on PCA1); triangle— Pseudoleptochelia; open square—Makraleptochelia; open circle - Bassoleptochelia. Divisions on the axes are 1 unit.

FIGURE 3. Konarus straddi comb. nov., A in A re-assessment of Konarus Bamber, 2006 and sympatric leptocheliids from Australasia, and of Pseudoleptochelia Lang, 1973 (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea)

FIGURE 3. Konarus straddi comb. nov., A, female, dorsal, with A′, detail of carapace margin; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, labrum; E, left mandible; F, right mandible; G, labium; H, maxillule; I, maxilliped; J, epignath. Scale line = 1.0 mm for A, 0.2 mm for B to J.

FIGURE 12 in A re-assessment of Konarus Bamber, 2006 and sympatric leptocheliids from Australasia, and of Pseudoleptochelia Lang, 1973 (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea)

FIGURE 12. Parakonarus sozo sp. nov., A, part of pleotelson and right uropod; B, pereopod 4 of male; C, pereopod 6 of male. Scale line = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 13. Pseudoleptochelia anomala, female. A in A re-assessment of Konarus Bamber, 2006 and sympatric leptocheliids from Australasia, and of Pseudoleptochelia Lang, 1973 (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea)

FIGURE 13. Pseudoleptochelia anomala, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, labrum; E, right mandible; F, left mandible; G, labium; H, maxillule; I, maxilliped and endite; J, epignath. Scale line = 1.0 mm for A, 0.2 mm for B to J.

FIGURE 16. Pseudoleptochelia anomala, male. A in A re-assessment of Konarus Bamber, 2006 and sympatric leptocheliids from Australasia, and of Pseudoleptochelia Lang, 1973 (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea)

FIGURE 16. Pseudoleptochelia anomala, male. A, right cheliped; B to G, pereopods 1 to 6 respectively. Scale line = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 18 in A re-assessment of Konarus Bamber, 2006 and sympatric leptocheliids from Australasia, and of Pseudoleptochelia Lang, 1973 (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea)

FIGURE 18. Eigenvector plot on the axes PCA1 and PCA3, for the 19 characters contributing to the separation of taxa in Fig. 17 (see text and Appendix 2 for explanation of the numbers).

FIGURE 7 in A re-assessment of Konarus Bamber, 2006 and sympatric leptocheliids from Australasia, and of Pseudoleptochelia Lang, 1973 (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea)

FIGURE 7. Parakonarus oregmus sp. nov., female. A. holotype, dorsal; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, labrum; E, left mandible; F, right mandible; G, labium; H, maxillule; I, maxilliped; J, maxilliped endites. Scale line = 1.0 mm for A, 0.2 mm for B to I, 0.1 mm for J.

FIGURE 8 in A re-assessment of Konarus Bamber, 2006 and sympatric leptocheliids from Australasia, and of Pseudoleptochelia Lang, 1973 (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea)

FIGURE 8. Parakonarus oregmus sp. nov., female. A, right cheliped; B, left cheliped. Scale line = 0.2 mm.