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245 results for “rust”
QTL mapping for seedling and adult plant resistance to stripe and leaf rust in two winter wheat populations
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A point mutation and large deletion at the candidate avirulence locus AvrMlp7 in the poplar rust fungus correlate with poplar RMlp7 resistance breakdown
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Evolution of morphological but not aggressiveness‐related traits following a major resistance breakdown in the poplar rust fungus, Melampsora larici‐populina
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R/QTL datasets for fusiform rust resistance QTL mapping
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Coffee Leaf Rust monitoring data on Hawaii Island
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Supporting information of genome biology and evolution of mating type loci in four cereal rust fungi
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Austropuccinia psidii, causing myrtle rust, has a gigabase-sized genome shaped by transposable elements
<p><em>Austropuccinia psidii</em>, originating in South America, is a globally invasive fungal plant pathogen that causes rust disease on Myrtaceae. Several biotypes are recognized, with the most widely distributed pandemic biotype spreading throughout the Asia-Pacific and Oceania regions over the last decade. <em>Austropuccinia</em><em> psidii</em> has a broad host range with more than 480 myrtaceous species. Since first detected in Australia in 2010, the pathogen has caused the near extinction of at least three species and negatively affected commercial production of several Myrtaceae. To enable molecular and evolutionary studies into <em>A. psidii</em> pathogenicity, we assembled a highly contiguous genome for the pandemic biotype. With an estimated haploid genome size of just over 1 Gb (gigabases), it is the largest assembled fungal genome to date. The genome has undergone massive expansion via distinct transposable element (TE) bursts. Over 90% of the genome is covered by TEs predominantly belonging to the Gypsy superfamily. These TE bursts have likely been followed by deamination events of methylated cytosines to silence the repetitive elements. This in turn led to the depletion of CpG sites in transposable elements and a very low overall GC content of 33.8%. The overall gene content is highly conserved, when compared to other closely related Pucciniales, yet the intergenic distances are increased by an order of magnitude indicating a general insertion of TEs between genes. Overall, we show how transposable elements shaped the genome evolution of <em>A. psidii</em> and provide a greatly needed resource for strategic approaches to combat disease spread. Please cite the authors if using this data: https://academic.oup.com/g3journal/article/11/3/jkaa015/6007476</p>
The Fungal Endophyte Epichloë festucae var. lolii Plays a Limited Role in Mediating Crown Rust Severity in Perennial Ryegrass
<p>Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an important turf and forage species that often becomes infected with Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii, the causal pathogen of crown rust. Disease control through clavicipitaceous endophytes has been proposed as a potential biocontrol. Two field experiments were designed to determine the influence of native Epichloë endophyte infection on natural rust development across a diverse panel of perennial ryegrass germplasm. Experiment 1 used an isogenic population design in which infected (E+) or endophyte-free (E−) clonal plants were nested within 14 perennial ryegrass entries. Experiment 2 consisted of isofrequent E+ and E− progeny from isogenic parents. Results showed the endophyte had no consistent main effect on crown rust severity across or within entries; however, several isogenic host pairs did show either favorable or antagonistic effects. Despite these sporadic effects, no differences were found between isofrequent family pairs, indicating the presence of a host endophyte interaction. Genotypic and phenotypic data revealed that endophyte isolates were similar within entry, indicating that host genotype could be responsible for the highly specific endophyte effect on crown rust. The preponderance of host resistance in mediating rust severity was supported by large broad (>.75) and narrow-sense (.76) heritability estimates. These findings support the conclusion that endophyte infection does not play a substantial role in mediating crown rust severity on a population scale in perennial ryegrass.</p>
Temporal dynamics and biocontrol potential of a hyperparasite on coffee leaf rust across a landscape in Arabica coffee's native range
<p>Agroforestry systems can provide habitats for rich biodiversity including multitrophic interactions, which presents opportunities to develop natural pest control. Shade coffee systems in several coffee-growing areas of the world host such unique habitats where pests and their natural enemies interact. One of the major global challenges for coffee production, coffee leaf rust caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Hemileia vastatrix</i> is attacked by the fungal hyperparasite, <i>Lecanicillium lecanii</i>. However, we lack insights in the dynamics and biocontrol potential of the hyperparasite on coffee leaf rust from landscapes in Arabica coffee's native range. To understand the temporal dynamics across landscapes and environmental drivers of the rust and hyperparasite, and the potential for biocontrol of the rust by the hyperparasite, we studied the rust and hyperparasite during the dry and wet seasons for three consecutive years at 60 sites across a gradient of coffee management in southwestern Ethiopia. We found that coffee leaf rust was more severe during the dry season, whereas the hyperparasite was more severe during the wet season in two out of three years. The rust growth rate from the wet to the dry season transition was negatively related to the hyperparasite index during the wet season, implying a potential top-down control. Coffee leaf rust was generally more severe at lower altitudes in the dry season, whereas the hyperparasite was more severe at high altitude. The rust incidence increased with management intensity, while the hyperparasite was more common under less intensive management. This study could be interesting in that it represents a landscape where Arabica coffee originated and the rust and hyperparasite might have a long co-evolutionary history. Our findings highlight the potential of the hyperparasite to suppress the rust's growth rate from the wet to dry season transition when the rust severity could otherwise be at its peak. We show that less intensively managed landscapes with dense shade levels are likely to increase hyperparasite abundance and result in an improved top-down control of the rust. However, more detailed knowledge is needed on the interaction of these species to assess its importance for reducing rust induced yield losses or the risk of rust outbreaks.</p>
Data from: Genetic structure of the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina: Evidence for isolation by distance in Europe and recent founder effects overseas
Dispersal has a great impact on the genetic structure of populations, but remains difficult to estimate by direct measures. In particular, gradual and stochastic dispersal are often difficult to assess and to distinguish, although they have different evolutionary consequences. Plant pathogens, especially rust fungi, are suspected to display both dispersal modes, though on different spatial scales. In this study, we inferred dispersal capacities of the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina by examining the genetic diversity and structure of 13 populations from eight European and two overseas countries in the Northern hemisphere. M. larici-populina was sampled from both cultivated hybrid poplars and on the wild host, Populus nigra. The populations were analyzed with 11 microsatellite and 8 virulence markers. Although isolates displayed different virulence profiles according to the host plant, neutral markers revealed little population differentiation with respect to the type of host. This suggests an absence of reproductive isolation between populations sampled from cultivated and wild poplars. Conversely, studying the relationship between geographic and genetic structure allowed us to distinguish between isolation by distance (IBD) patterns and long distance dispersal (LDD) events. The European populations exhibited a significant IBD pattern, suggesting a regular and gradual dispersal of the pathogen over this spatial scale. Nonetheless, the genetic differentiation between these populations was low, suggesting an important gene flow on a continental scale. The two overseas populations from Iceland and Canada were shown to result from rare LDD events, and exhibited signatures of strong founder effects. Furthermore, the high genetic differentiation between both populations suggested that these two recent introductions were independent. This study illustrated how the proper use of population genetics methods can enable contrasted dispersal modes to be revealed.
Data from: Colonization history, host distribution, anthropogenic influence and landscape features shape populations of white pine blister rust, an invasive alien tree pathogen
White pine blister rust is caused by the fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch (Basidiomycota, Pucciniales). This invasive alien pathogen was introduced into North America at the beginning of the 20th century on pine seedlings imported from Europe and has caused serious economic and ecological impacts. In this study, we applied a population and landscape genetics approach to understand the patterns of introduction and colonization as well as population structure and migration of C. ribicola. We characterized 1,292 samples of C. ribicola from 66 geographic locations in North America using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and evaluated the effect of landscape features, host distribution, and colonization history on the structure of these pathogen populations. We identified eastern and western genetic populations in North America that are strongly differentiated. Genetic diversity is two to five times higher in eastern populations than in western ones, which can be explained by the repeated accidental introductions of the pathogen into northeastern North America compared with a single documented introduction into western North America. These distinct genetic populations are maintained by a barrier to gene flow that corresponds to a region where host connectivity is interrupted. Furthermore, additional cryptic spatial differentiation was identified in western populations. This differentiation corresponds to landscape features, such as mountain ranges, and also to host connectivity. We also detected genetic differentiation between the pathogen populations in natural stands and plantations, an indication that anthropogenic movement of this pathogen still takes place. These results highlight the importance of monitoring this invasive alien tree pathogen to prevent admixture of eastern and western populations where different pathogen races occur.
Data from: The escalatory Red Queen: population extinction and replacement following arms-race dynamics in poplar rust
Host-parasite systems provide convincing examples of Red Queen co-evolutionary dynamics. Yet, a key process underscored in Van Valen's theory – that arms-race dynamics can result in extinction – has never been documented. One reason for this may be that most sampling designs lack the breadth needed to illuminate the rapid pace of adaptation by pathogen populations. In this study we used a 25-years temporal sampling to decipher the demographic history of a plant pathogen: the poplar rust fungus, Melampsora larici-populina. A major adaptive event occurred in 1994 with the breakdown of R7 resistance carried by several poplar cultivars widely planted in Western Europe since 1982. The corresponding virulence rapidly spread in M. larici-populina populations, and nearly reached fixation in northern France, even on susceptible hosts. Using both temporal records of virulence profiles and temporal population genetic data, our analyses revealed that (i) R7 resistance breakdown resulted in the emergence of a unique and homogeneous genetic group, the so-called cultivated population, which predominated in northern France for about 20 years, (ii) selection for Vir7 individuals brought with it multiple other virulence types via hitchhiking, resulting in an overall increase in the population-wide number of virulence types and (iii) – above all – the emergence of the cultivated population superseded the initial population which predominated at the same place before R7 resistance breakdown. Our temporal analysis illustrates how antagonistic co-evolution can lead to population extinction and replacement, hence providing direct evidence for the escalation process which is at the core of Red Queen dynamics.
Rusted Japanese Torii Gates
low poly japanese Rusted Torri Gate. 4K PBR textures. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Cast Iron Rust Virgin Mary
Cast Iron Rust Virgin Mary photoscanned 19,514 faces Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Wheat Enhanced Disease Resistance EMS-Mutants Include Lesion-mimics With Adult Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust
<h3>The datasets for '<strong>Wheat Enhanced Disease Resistance EMS-Mutants Include Lesion-mimics With Adult Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust</strong>'.</h3> <p> </p> <p><strong>Main datasets</strong></p> <ul> <li>Kr620_GATK.zip</li> <li>Kr620_QTLseq.zip</li> </ul> <p><strong>Kr620_GATK.zip</strong> includes vcf files generated by mapping wild type Kronos and resistant or susceptible Kr620 into the Kronos genome. <strong>Kr620_QTLseq.zip </strong>includes the bulk segregation analysis outputs using QTL-seq. </p>
FIGURE 2. A in Puccinia tuberosa, a new species of rust fungus on Allium tuberosum in Asia
FIGURE 2. A phylogenetic tree of ITS+28S sequences of selected rust species constructed by MP method. Bootstrap values greater than 60% are shown along the nodes in the topology (MP/ML). Sample data are shown with voucher specimen number or GenBank accession number, and host plant. Sequence data newly generated in this study are shown in bold face. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site.
FIGURE 11 in New records and data on rust fungi (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) in Benin
FIGURE 11. Sphaerophragmium acaciae on Albizia lebbeck (TA432). A Hypophyllous uredinia B urediniospores drawn in optical sections except one spore. Scale bar: 10 µm.
FIGURE 4 in New records and data on rust fungi (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) in Benin
FIGURE 4. Neophysopella tropicalis on Vitis sp. cult. (MP5348). A Infected leaf seen from above B the same leaf seen from below, with hypophyllous uredinia C urediniospores drawn in optical sections except one spore D apical parts of paraphyses. Scale bars: 10 µm.
FIGURES 5–6 in Note on Psila helvetica Shatalkin & Merz, 2010: a new rust fly (Diptera: Psilidae) for mainland France, with key to French species and male genitalia illustration
FIGURES 5–6. Genitalia of Psila helvetica Shatalkin & Merz, 2010. 5: in ventral view. Scale bar = 0.3 mm. 6: left epandrium in lateral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. (Drawings: Jocelyn Claude).
FIGURES 2–4 in Note on Psila helvetica Shatalkin & Merz, 2010: a new rust fly (Diptera: Psilidae) for mainland France, with key to French species and male genitalia illustration
FIGURES 2–4. Habitus of Psila helvetica Shatalkin & Merz, 2010 in dorsal view with aedeagus indicated by arrow (2), ventral view (3) and head in front (4). (Photos: Christophe Lauriaut).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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