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81 results for “saltmarsh”
Climate change outpaces adaptive potential via hybridization in nesting female Saltmarsh and Nelson’s Sparrows
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Nutrient enrichment undermines invasion resistance to Spartina alterniflora in a saltmarsh: Insights from modern coexistence theory
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Data from: Blue carbon benefits from global saltmarsh restoration
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Positive correlation between Ammospiza caudacuta (Saltmarsh Sparrow) capture and productivity supports use of a novel rapid assessment monitoring protocol
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Habitat openness and edge avoidance predict saltmarsh sparrow abundance better than habitat area
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Florida mangrove saltmarsh reference surface soils
Site description. This data package consists of data obtained from sampling surface soil (the 0-7.6 cm depth profile) in black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) dominated forest and black needlerush (Juncus roemerianus) saltmarsh along the Gulf of Mexico coastline in peninsular west-central Florida, USA. This location has a subtropical climate with mean daily temperatures ranging from 15.4 °C in January to 27.8 °C in August, and annual precipitation of 1336 mm. Precipitation falls as rain primarily between June and September. Tides are semi-diurnal, with 0.57 m median amplitudes during the year preceding sampling (U.S. NOAA National Ocean Service, Clearwater Beach, Florida, station 8726724). Sea-level rise is 4.0 ± 0.6 mm per year (1973-2020 trend, mean ± 95 % confidence interval, NOAA NOS Clearwater Beach station). The A. germinans mangrove zone is either adjacent to water or fringed on the seaward side by a narrow band of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle). A near-monoculture of J. roemerianus is often adjacent to and immediately landward of the A. germinans zone. The transition from the mangrove to the J. roemerianus zone is variable in our study area. An abrupt edge between closed-canopy mangrove and J. roemerianus monoculture may extend for up to several hundred meters in some locations, while other stretches of ecotone present a gradual transition where smaller, widely spaced trees are interspersed into the herbaceous marsh. Juncus roemerianus then extends landward to a high marsh patchwork of succulent halophytes (including Salicornia bigellovi, Sesuvium sp., and Batis maritima), scattered dwarf mangrove, and salt pans, followed in turn by upland vegetation that includes Pinus sp. and Serenoa repens. Field design and sample collection. We established three study sites spaced at approximately 5 km intervals along the western coastline of the central Florida peninsula. The sites consisted of the Salt Springs (28.3298°, -82.7274°), Energy Marine Center (28.2903°, -82
InaGeedicke/saltmarsh-invasion: First Release of code for saltmarsh invasion manuscript
<p>This repository contains the code and data for our manuscript "Freshwater input drives invasion success of exotic plants in saltmarsh communities by Geedicke et al. It is accepted for the Journal Austral Ecology in 2020.</p>
Data from: Living shorelines enhanced the resilience of saltmarshes to Hurricane Matthew (2016)
Nature-based solutions, such as living shorelines, have the potential to restore critical ecosystems, enhance coastal sustainability, and increase resilience to natural disasters; however, their efficacy during storm events compared to traditional hardened shorelines is largely untested. This is a major impediment to their implementation and promotion to policy-makers and homeowners. To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated rock sill living shorelines as compared to natural marshes and hardened shorelines (i.e. bulkheads) in North Carolina, USA for changes in surface elevation, Spartina alterniflora stem density, and structural damage from 2015-2017, including before and after Hurricane Matthew (2016). Our results show that living shorelines exhibited better resistance to landward erosion during Hurricane Matthew than bulkheads and natural marshes. Additionally, living shorelines were more resilient than hardened shorelines, as they maintained landward elevation over the two-year study period without requiring any repair. Finally, rock sill living shorelines were able to enhance S. alterniflora stem densities over time when compared to natural marshes. Our results suggest that living shorelines have the potential to improve coastal resilience while supporting important coastal ecosystems.
Data from: Manipulating saltmarsh microtopography modulates the effects of elevation on sediment redox potential and halophyte distribution
1. Halophyte distributions on saltmarshes are strongly related to elevation in the tidal frame. However, collinearity between elevation, the consequent inundation regime, and sediment waterlogging/redox potential obscures the proximate causes of distribution patterns. We sought to distinguish the effects of elevation per se from those of waterlogging by manipulating microtopography. 2. We experimentally manipulated elevation by ±15 cm at locations that spanned the elevation ranges of three saltmarshes recently reactivated by managed coastal realignment. Experimental plots were initially cleared of any vegetation. Elevation and sediment redox potential were determined for each plot. We planted five perennial species (Armeria maritima, Atriplex portulacoides, Limonium vulgare, Plantago maritima and Triglochin maritima) in half of the plots, recording survival over four years, and monitored natural colonisation of the other plots. 3. Overall, redox potential increased with elevation. Sediments were more oxidising in raised plots and more reducing in lowered plots. Redox reductions in lowered plots were in line with those that would be predicted from the overall redox/elevation relationship, but increases in raised plots were greater than predicted from elevation alone. 4. Plant colonisation and survival was poorer in lowered plots and, for most species, improved in raised plots. This can, in part, be attributed to the concomitant alterations in redox potential and elevation in the tidal frame, but microtopographic manipulation also had substantial independent effects on plant performance, including on the survival of all planted species and the colonisation of Puccinellia maritima, Salicornia europaea agg. and Tripolium pannonicum. 5. Synthesis: Microtopography can have effects on sediment chemistry and plant performance similar in magnitude to those of overall tidal elevation. Understanding how its effects modulate the relationship between tidal elevation, redox and other environmental conditions helps clarify the abiotic factors that fundamentally determine halophyte colonisation and survival. These results support the use of topographic manipulation to enhance the diversity of created saltmarshes.
Large grazers suppress a foundational plant and reduce soil carbon concentration in eastern US saltmarshes
<p>Supporting data for the submitted manuscript currently titled "Large grazers suppress a foundational plant and reduce soil carbon in eastern US saltmarshes". "Observational data Spr.Fall 2017.xlsx" contains all data collected for eastern US grazing survey. "Cumberland experiment.xlsx" contains all data collected for grazing experiment on Cumberland Island, GA, USA. Each data workbook contains a metadata tab to help guide users.</p>
Niche separation and weak interactions in the high tidal zone of saltmarsh-mangrove mixing communities
<p>1. Saltmarsh-mangrove ecotones occur at the boundary of the natural geographical distribution of mangroves and salt marshes. Climate warming and species invasion can also drive the formation of saltmarsh-mangrove mixing communities. How these coastal species live together in a "new" mixed community is important in predicting the dynamic of saltmarsh-mangrove ecosystems as affected by ongoing climate change or human activities. To date, the understanding of species interactions has been rare on adult species in these ecotones.</p> <p>2. Two typical coastal wetlands were selected as cases to understand how mangrove and saltmarsh species living together in the ecotones. The leaves of seven species were sampled from these coastal wetlands based on their distribution patterns (living alone or coexisting) in the high tidal zone and seven commonly used functional traits of these species were analyzed.</p> <p>3. We found niche separation between saltmarsh and mangrove species, which is probably due to the different adaptive strategies they adopted to deal with intertidal environments.</p> <p>4. Weak interactions between coexisting species were dominated in the high tidal zone of the two saltmarsh-mangrove communities, and which could be driven by both niche differentiation and neutral theory.</p> <p>5. Synthesis. Our field study implies a potential opportunity to establish a multispecies community in the high tidal zone of saltmarsh-mangrove ecotones, where the sediment was characterized by low salinity and high nitrogen.</p>
Saltmarsh Vegetation Alters the Tidal Hydrodynamics of Small Estuaries
<p>The Delft3D modelling suite is used to investigate the impact of saltmarsh vegetation on tidal dynamics and residual currents in three distinctly different estuaries in Wales, UK, in order to understand the impacts of marsh vegetation on wider estuarine hydrodynamics. The three estuaries, Mawddach, Taf and Loughor, vary in size, tidal range, exposure, and saltmarsh coverage. Tidal constituents and residual currents were calculated using a year-long simulation of tidal dynamics.</p>
Supplementary material 3 from: Saltmarsh DM, Bowser ML, Morton JM, Sirley Lang S, Shain D, Dial R (2016) Distribution and abundance of exotic earthworms within a boreal forest system in southcentral Alaska. NeoBiota 28: 67-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.28.5503
Analysis dataset : Explanation note: This spreadsheet file contains all original measurements and derived metrics used in the analyses. It is arranged in a relational format. The sheet labeled site_data contains all site-level data, including original data and some derived metrics; the plot_data sheet contains plot-level data. The earthworm_lengths sheet contains all of the earthworm length measurements and, by implication, the occurrence data. The two response_data sheets hold data derived from the first three sheets that were used in subsequent analyses.
Supplementary material 2 from: Saltmarsh DM, Bowser ML, Morton JM, Sirley Lang S, Shain D, Dial R (2016) Distribution and abundance of exotic earthworms within a boreal forest system in southcentral Alaska. NeoBiota 28: 67-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.28.5503
Specimen records : Explanation note: Occurrence data are provided for earthworm specimens collected. Data field definitions are those used by Arctos (http://arctos.database.museum/, http://arctosdb.org/).
Supplementary material 1 from: Saltmarsh DM, Bowser ML, Morton JM, Sirley Lang S, Shain D, Dial R (2016) Distribution and abundance of exotic earthworms within a boreal forest system in southcentral Alaska. NeoBiota 28: 67-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.28.5503
Alaska earthworm records : Explanation note: Earthworm records from Alaska exclusive of data from the present study are compiled. All literature items cited are included in the References section of the manuscript.
FIGURE 4 in Saltmarsh flies of the genus Scorpiurus Parent from New Zealand (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
FIGURE 4. Wings of Scorpiurus spp. A, S. aenescens ♂; B, S. aenescens ♀; C, S. thorpei sp. nov. ♂; D, S. thorpei sp. nov. ♀. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Saltmarsh flies of the genus Scorpiurus Parent from New Zealand (Insecta: Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
FIGURE 2. Habitat of the genus Scorpiurus. A, Landscape of the sampling site. Near Linkwater, South Island, New Zealand; B, Enlarged view of habitat.
Genomic insights into the origin of trans-Mediterranean disjunct distributions: The case of the saltmarsh band-winged grasshopper (Mioscirtus wagneri)
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Aim:</b> Two main biogeographic hypotheses have been proposed to explain the Mediterranean-Turanian disjunct distributions exhibited by numerous steppe-dwelling organisms, namely (i) dispersal during the Messinian salinity crisis (∼5.96-5.33 Ma) followed by range fragmentation and vicariance, and (ii) Pleistocene colonization and recent processes of population subdivision (<2 Ma). Despite the two hypotheses postulate the role of climatic alterations and changes in landmass configuration on determining such disjunct distributions, estimates of the timing of lineage diversification have not been complemented so far with spatially-explicit tests providing independent evidence on the proximate processes underlying geographical patterns of population genetic connectivity/fragmentation<b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Location:</b> Mediterranean-Turanian region</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Taxon:</b> Saltmarsh band-winged grasshopper (<i>Mioscirtus wagneri</i>)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods:</b> We integrate different sources of genetic (mtDNA and ddRADseq) and spatial information (configuration of emerged lands and niche modelling) to evaluate competing hypotheses of lineage diversification in the saltmarsh band-winged grasshopper, a halophile species showing a classical Mediterranean-Turanian disjunct distribution.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Results:</b> Phylogenomic analyses reveal the presence of two North African cryptic lineages and support that trans-Mediterranean populations of the species diverged in the Pleistocene, with evidence of post-Messinian permeability of the Strait of Gibraltar to gene flow likely associated with sea level drops during glacial periods. Accordingly, spatial patterns of genetic differentiation are best explained by a scenario of population connectivity defined by the configuration of emerged landmasses and environmentally suitable habitats during glacial periods, a time when effective population sizes of the species peaked as inferred by genomic-based demographic reconstructions.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Main conclusions</b>: Our results support post-Messinian colonization and Pleistocene diversification as the biogeographic scenario best explaining the trans-Mediterranean disjunct distributions of halophilous organisms.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Morphological measurements and mercury levels of Saltmarsh Sparrows sampled across their breeding range
<p><span>Malaria parasites (genus <em>Plasmodium</em>) are important agents of infectious disease in birds and multiple factors including warming temperatures and environmental contamination may act to increase their geographic and host ranges. </span>Here, we examined the role of geographical variation and environmental mercury exposure in malaria parasite infection dynamics in an imperiled songbird species with high mercury exposition, the Saltmarsh Sparrow (<em>Ammospiza caudacutus</em>). Using PCR methods, we <span>screened 280 Saltmarsh Sparrows from across their breeding range for malaria parasite infection. </span>We detected malaria parasites in 17% of sampled birds and a total of six <em>Plasmodium</em> lineages. <span>Prevalence of infection and diversity of parasite lineages varied across the breeding range of the Saltmarsh Sparrow and increased at more northern latitudes. Although mercury is a known immunosuppressant and has been documented to alter an individual's susceptibility to pathogens, we did not find a significant difference in blood mercury levels between infected and not infected birds, perhaps due to sampling methods and/or small sample sizes. As a specialist of coastal wetlands, the Saltmarsh Sparrow is an excellent indicator species for ecological health, and the patterns of malaria parasite infection with host distribution and mercury suggest that birds at northern latitudes are at greater risk of disease and should be priorities for conservation, habitat, and pathogen monitoring. </span></p>
Dense vegetation hinders sediment transport towards saltmarsh interiors - Supporting data and source code (Part II: Main runs)
<p>This is Part II of the supporting data and source code for the paper entitled "Dense vegetation hinders sediment transport towards saltmarsh interiors", submitted to <em>Limnology and Oceanography Letters.</em> It contains all input and output files for every simulations used in the paper.</p> <p>Each zip file corresponds to a model run. </p> <p>TIGER_XX.zip: Scenario XX, hydro-morphodynamics and vegetation dynamics, years 0-100.<br>TIGER_XX_100.zip: Scenario XX, hydro-morphodynamics and vegetation dynamics, years 100-200.<br>TIGER_XX_HYYY.zip: Scenario XX, hydro-morphodynamics only, year YYY.</p> <p>Main scenarios:<br>- 01: Spartina (Figures 1-5, S3-S10)<br>- 02: Salicornia (Figures 1-5, S3-S10)<br>- 83: No vegetation (Figures 1-5, S3, S8-S10)</p> <p>Additional scenarios:<br>- 146: Spartina, low bulk drag coefficient (Figure S3)<br>- 147: Spartina, very low bulk drag coefficient (Figure S3)<br>- 148: Salicornia, low bulk drag coefficient (Figure S3)<br>- 149: Salicornia, very low bulk drag coefficient (Figure S3)<br>- 122: Spartina, low settling velocity (Figure S8)<br>- 123: Spartina, high settling velocity (Figure S8)<br>- 124: Salicornia, low settling velocity (Figure S8)<br>- 125: Salicornia, high settling velocity (Figure S8)<br>- 126: No vegetation, low settling velocity (Figure S8)<br>- 127: No vegetation, high settling velocity (Figure S8)<br>- 128: Spartina, low critical bed erosion shear stress (Figure S8)<br>- 129: Spartina, high critical bed erosion shear stress (Figure S8)<br>- 130: Salicornia, low critical bed erosion shear stress (Figure S8)<br>- 131: Salicornia, high critical bed erosion shear stress (Figure S8)<br>- 132: No vegetation, low critical bed erosion shear stress (Figure S8)<br>- 133: No vegetation, high critical bed erosion shear stress (Figure S8)<br>- 134: Spartina, low Partheniades constant (Figure S8)<br>- 143: Spartina, high Partheniades constant (Figure S8)<br>- 136: Salicornia, low Partheniades constant (Figure S8)<br>- 144: Salicornia, high Partheniades constant (Figure S8)<br>- 138: No vegetation, low Partheniades constant (Figure S8)<br>- 145: No vegetation, high Partheniades constant (Figure S8)<br>- 150: Spartina, low sediment dry bulk density (Figure S8)<br>- 151: Spartina, high sediment dry bulk density (Figure S8)<br>- 152: Salicornia, low sediment dry bulk density (Figure S8)<br>- 153: Salicornia, high sediment dry bulk density (Figure S8)<br>- 154: No vegetation, low sediment dry bulk density (Figure S8)<br>- 155: No vegetation, high sediment dry bulk density (Figure S8)<br>- 76: Spartina, replicate #1 (Figures S9-S10)<br>- 77: Spartina, replicate #2 (Figures S9-S10)<br>- 78: Spartina, replicate #3 (Figures S9-S10)<br>- 88: Spartina, replicate #4 (Figures S9-S10)<br>- 80: Salicornia, replicate #1 (Figures S9-S10)<br>- 81: Salicornia, replicate #2 (Figures S9-S10)<br>- 82: Salicornia, replicate #3 (Figures S9-S10)<br>- 89: Salicornia, replicate #4 (Figures S9-S10)<br>- 85: No vegetation, replicate #1 (Figures S9-S10)<br>- 86: No vegetation, replicate #2 (Figures S9-S10)<br>- 87: No vegetation, replicate #3 (Figures S9-S10)<br>- 90: No vegetation, replicate #4 (Figures S9-S10)</p>
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