Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
535
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.7.1
Dataset results
535 results for “scavenger”
Fig. 2 in Latridius Usovae, A New Species Of The Minute Brown Scavenger Beetles (Coleoptera, Latridiidae) From Rovno Amber
Fig. 2. Latridius usovae sp. n.: 1 — body, dorsal; 2 — fore leg; 3 — middle leg; 4 — hind leg.
Bait uptake by scavengers in tropical waterbodies
<p><span>In tropical Australia, conditioned taste aversion can buffer vulnerable native predators from the invasion of a toxic prey species (cane toads, <em>Rhinella marina</em>). Thus, we need to develop methods to deploy aversion-inducing baits in the field, in ways that maximize uptake by vulnerable species (but not other taxa).</span></p> <p><span>We constructed and field-tested baiting devices, in situ with wild animals. Apparatus were set next to waterbodies and baited concurrently at multiple locations (over water, water's edge and on the bank). Baits were checked and replaced twice daily during the trial; remote cameras recorded visitation by native predators. Bait longevity was compared at sun-exposed and shaded locations over 12 hours. The strength required to remove baits from apparatus was measured in varanids and crocodiles.</span></p> <p><span>The device promoted high rates of bait uptake by freshwater crocodiles (47% baits consumed), varanid lizards (19% baits consumed), and non-target taxa (34% baits consumed). Targeting specific predators can be achieved by manipulating bait location and time of deployment, as well as the force required to dislodge the bait. Crocodiles were best targeted with over-water baits, whereas varanid lizards preferred baits located at the edges of waterbodies. When testing bait longevity in ambient conditions, during the daytime baits desiccated fully within 12h, and faster in the sun than in the shade. Based on studies using captive animals, the 'pulling force' strength of reptilian predators scaled with body size and was greater in crocodiles than in varanid lizards.</span></p> <p><span>We present the first conservation baiting protocol designed specifically for reptiles. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of widespread and taxon-specific deployment of aversion-inducing baits to buffer the impacts of invasive cane toads, and our methods are applicable (with modification) to other research and management programs globally.</span></p>
Data from: Dominant carnivore loss benefits native avian and invasive mammalian scavengers
<p>Scavenging by large carnivores is integral for ecosystem functioning by limiting the build-up of carrion and facilitating widespread energy flows. However, top carnivores have declined across the world, triggering trophic shifts within ecosystems. In this study, we use a natural 'removal experiment' of disease-driven decline and island extirpation of native mammalian (marsupial) carnivores to investigate top-down control on utilisation of experimentally placed carcasses by two mesoscavengers – the invasive feral cat and native forest raven. Ravens were the main beneficiary of carnivore loss, scavenging for five times longer in the absence of native mammalian carnivores. Cats scavenged on half of all carcasses in the region without dominant native carnivores. This was eight times more than in areas where other carnivores were at high densities. All carcasses persisted longer than the three-week monitoring period in the absence of native mammalian carnivores, while in areas with high carnivore abundance, all carcasses were fully consumed. Our results reveal the efficiency of carrion consumption by mammalian scavengers. These services are not readily replaced by less-efficient facultative scavengers. Overall, our results demonstrate the significance of global carnivore conservation and support management approaches, such as rewilding in areas where the natural suite of carnivores is missing.</p>
7-O-Galloyltricetifavan: a promising natural radical scavenger
<p>This dataset contains data from the calculations described in the paper: "Le Trung Hieu, Tran Thi Van Thi, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Adam Mechler and Quan V. Vo*. (2021), 7-O-Galloyltricetifavan: a promising natural radical scavenger. Royal Society Open Science. 2021.</p> <p>7-O-Galloyltricetifavan (<strong>7OGT</strong>), a natural flavonoid, is isolated from the leaves of Pithecellobium clypearia. The compound exhibits a variety of biological activities. This study details the evaluation of the HOO· antiradical activity of <strong>7OGT</strong> by quantum chemistry calculations. The HOO• trapping activity of <strong>7OGT</strong> in the gas phase (reference state) was discovered to follow the formal hydrogen transfer (FHT) mechanism with a rate constant of k = 4.58×10<sup>8</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>. In physiological environments, <strong>7OGT</strong> is predicted to be an excellent HOO· radical scavenger with koverall = 6.01×10<sup>8</sup> and 1.40×10<sup>4</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> in water and pentyl ethanoate solvents, respectively. The HOO• antiradical activity of <strong>7OGT</strong> in water at physiological pH is approximately 4620 times that of Trolox and substantially higher than that of other well-known natural antioxidants such as trans-resveratrol or ascorbic acid. Thus, <strong>7OGT</strong> is an excellent natural antioxidant in polar environments.</p>
Overcoming nutritional immunity by engineering iron-scavenging bacteria for cancer therapy
<p>Certain bacteria demonstrate the ability to target and colonize the tumor microenvironment, a characteristic that positions them as innovative carriers for delivering various therapeutic agents in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, our understanding of how bacteria adapt their physiological condition to the tumor microenvironment remains elusive. In this work, we employed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to examine the proteome of <em>E. coli</em> colonized in murine tumors. Compared to <em>E. coli </em>cultivated in the rich medium, we found that <em>E. coli </em>colonized in tumors notably upregulated the processes related to ferric ions, including enterobactin biosynthesis and iron homeostasis. This finding indicated that the tumor is an iron-deficient environment to <em>E. coli</em>. We also found that the colonization of <em>E. coli </em>in the tumor led to an increased expression of lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a host protein that can sequester enterobactin. We therefore engineered <em>E. coli</em> to evade the nutritional immunity provided by LCN2. By introducing the IroA cluster, the <em>E. coli</em> synthesizes the glycosylated enterobactin, which creates steric hindrance to avoid the LCN2 sequestration. The IroA-<em>E. coli</em> showed enhanced resistance to LCN2 and significantly improved the anti-tumor activity in mice. Moreover, the mice were cured by the IroA-<em>E. coli </em>treatment became resistant to the tumor re-challenge, indicating the establishment of immunological memory. Overall, our study underscores the crucial role of bacteria's ability to acquire ferric ions within the tumor microenvironment for effective cancer therapy.</p>
Carrion use by a reptile is influenced by season, habitat, and competition with an apex mammalian scavenger
<p>Scavenging on carrion is critical and often fiercely competitive for a range of vertebrate species, from native apex predators to invasive species and even reptiles. In Australia, a notable reptilian scavenger is the lace monitor (<em>Varanus varius</em>). In this study, we quantified lace monitor activity at carcasses and compared their use of the resource to common co-occurring predators that also scavenge; the invasive red fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>), and native apex predator, the dingo (<em>Canis dingo</em>). To do so, we deployed 80 macropod carcasses equally across seasons (summer and winter) and habitats (open and closed canopy), in a temperate bioregion and monitored vertebrate scavenging with camera traps. Lace monitor activity was 1.67-times higher in summer than winter, but it did not differ across closed and open habitats. Monitor activity occurred earlier after carcass deployment at sites deployed in summer than winter (1.47-fold earlier), and at carcasses in open than closed habitats (0.22-fold earlier). Lace monitors initially discovered carcass sites faster in summer than winter and before both red foxes and dingoes in summer. Lace monitors were active diurnally in both summer and winter, differing from the red fox, which was strictly a nocturnal scavenger, and the dingo, which was significantly more active at night across both seasons. Finally, we found that lace monitor activity at carcass sites decreased slightly with higher rates of activity for dingoes (0.04-fold decrease as dingo activity increased), but not with red fox activity. Our results have implications for understanding lace monitor foraging and scavenging and highlight the value of monitoring carcasses to provide important insights into the behaviour of varanid lizards that scavenge.</p>
Terrestrial scavenger trapping data
<b>Description: </b><p>Data reported in: Twining, J. P., H. Bernard, and R. M. Ewers. 2017. Increasing land-use intensity reverses the relative occupancy of two quadrupedal scavengers. PLoS ONE 12:e0177143.<br></p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/69"><b>Investigating the ecology of a large squamate (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) in altered forest ecosystems, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia.</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=75">here</a></p><p><b>Data worksheets: </b>There are 1 data worksheets in this dataset:</p><ol><li><p><b>Terrestrial scavenger trapping data</b> (Worksheet Data)</p><p>Dimensions: 980 rows by 30 columns</p><p>Description: Data on scavenging rates, scavenger identity and scavenger morphometrics</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Date</b>: Date the trap was in place for (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>River</b>: SAFE Project river on which trap was set (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>RiverVisit</b>: Trapping session number on that river (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Trap</b>: Trap within River (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>DayVisit</b>: Julian day within 'Trap' within 'RiverVisit' (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Habitat.Change</b>: Had the riparian area been recently damaged from logging in the 12 months prior to data collection (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Species</b>: Identity of the animal captured (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>Removed</b>: Bait removed (yes = yes; blank = no) (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>RemovedDays</b>: Number of days bait was in trap before being removed (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Scavenged7Days</b>: For each trap within each trapping session, was the bait removed within a seven-day period (yes/no) (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>PitTagNo </b>: Pit tag number (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Capture.History</b>: Caught for first time, or recapture of a previously captured individual (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Sex</b>: Male/Female (M/F) (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>SVL</b>: Snout-venter length (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>T</b>: Tail length (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Tot</b>: Total length (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>BC</b>: Body circumference (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>TC</b>: Tail circumference at base (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Mass</b>: Body mass (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>HealthInd</b>: Body health index (ln(body mass/total length)) (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>HW</b>: Head width (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>HH</b>: Head height (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>HL</b>: Head length (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>SL</b>: Snout length (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Scars</b>: Number of scars on body (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Ectoparasites</b>: Number of ectoparasites on body (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Endoparasites</b>: Number of nematodes inside mouth (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Dietary.Notes</b>: Observations of material in faeces (Field type: Comments)</li><li><b>Repro.Stage</b>: Reproductive stage (Field type: Categorical)</li></ul><br></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2014-02-05 to 2015-03-17</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6314 to 4.7273</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>117.4556 to 117.6414</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Animalia<br> - Chordata<br> -  - Mammalia<br> -  -  - Artiodactyla<br> -  -  -  - Suidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Sus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sus barbatus</i><br> -  -  - Carnivora<br> -  -  -  - Canidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Canis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Canis lupus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Canis lupus familiaris</i> (as <i>Canis familiaris</i>)<br> -  -  -  - Herpestidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Herpestes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Herpestes semitorquatus</i><br> -  -  -  - Viverridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Viverra</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Viverra tangalunga</i><br> -  - Reptilia<br> -  -  - Squamata<br> -  -  -  - Colubridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Boiga</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Boiga dendrophila</i><br> -  -  -  - Varanidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Varanus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Varanus salvator</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Varanus salvator macromaculatus</i><br></div><p></p>
Uncovering the vertebrate scavenger guild composition and functioning in the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot
<p>Scavenging is widespread among vertebrates, being very important for maintaining certain ecosystem functions. Despite this, the scavenger communities remain poorly known in some biomes, especially in the Neotropics. Our main objective was to describe for the first time the scavenger community and identify the factors affecting scavenging efficiency in the Brazilian <em>Cerrado</em>. We analyzed the effects of vegetation cover, time of carcass placement and carcass weight, on scavenger species richness, individual abundances, carcass detection and consumption times, and carcass consumption rate. We monitored 11 large and 45 small carcasses using automatic cameras. We documented a total of 19 vertebrate scavenging species, four species of vultures and 15 facultative scavengers. We found that carcass size was the most important factor affecting the scavenger assemblage and consumption patterns. Large carcasses were dominated by vultures, whereas small carcasses were consumed mainly by facultative scavengers. We also found differences between large and small carcasses in all carcass consumption variables except for detection time. However, we did not find an effect of vegetation cover or time of carcass placement on scavenging patterns. The negligible role of mammals and non-raptor birds in large carcasses is also noteworthy, probably due to the consumption and foraging efficiency of the vultures, and the more frugivorous habits of the mesocarnivores. Our results show a highly diverse and efficient scavenging vertebrate community in the Brazilian <em>Cerrado</em>, and the need to preserve them in the face of the significant habitat transformations suffered by this biodiversity hotspot.</p>
Figure 7 in Biology and life cycle of Tmetonyx similis (G. O. Sars, 1891) (Amphipoda, Lysianassidae), a scavenging amphipod from the continental slope of the Mediterranean
Figure 7. Development of the various male and female generations.
Figure 1 in Biology and life cycle of Tmetonyx similis (G. O. Sars, 1891) (Amphipoda, Lysianassidae), a scavenging amphipod from the continental slope of the Mediterranean
Figure 1. Sexual characteristic of a male. Calceoli on antennae 2 of a male.
Figure 5 in Biology and life cycle of Tmetonyx similis (G. O. Sars, 1891) (Amphipoda, Lysianassidae), a scavenging amphipod from the continental slope of the Mediterranean
Figure 5. Growth curve of Tmetonyx similis collected in Toulon Canyon: males and females.
Fig. 1 in Hydrophilus harpe sp. nov., a remarkable new species of giant water scavenger beetle from Brazil (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
Fig. 1. Hydrophilus (D.) harpe sp. nov., male paratype; dorsal and ventral habitus.
Vulture culture: dietary specialization of an obligate scavenger
<p><span>Individual dietary variation has important ecological and evolutionary consequences. However, it has been overlooked in many taxa that are thought to have homogeneous diets. This is the case of vultures, considered merely as "carrion eaters". Given their high degree of sociality, vultures are an excellent model to investigate how inter-individual transmissible behaviors drive individual dietary variation. Here, we combine GPS-tracking and accelerometers with an exhaustive fieldwork campaign to identify the individual diet of 55 griffon vultures (<em>Gyps</em> <em>fulvus</em>) from two Spanish populations that partially overlap in their foraging areas. We found that individuals from the more humanized population consumed more anthropic resources (e.g., stabled livestock or rubbish), resulting in more homogeneous diets. In contrast, individuals from the wilder population consumed more wild ungulates, increasing their dietary variability. Between sexes, we found that males consumed anthropic resources more than females did. Interestingly, in the shared foraging area, vultures retained the dietary preference of their original population, highlighting a strong cultural component. Overall, these results expand the role of cultural traits in shaping key behaviors, and call for the need of including cultural traits in Optimal Foraging models, especially in those species that strongly rely on social information while foraging.</span></p>
Experimental manipulation of scavenger and herbivore functional role and their effects on plant communities following mass mortality events
<p>We designed an experiment to measure the relative importance of bottom-up forces (nutrient addition) and top-down forces (impairment of obligate scavenger and herbivore functional roles) generated by experimental carrion deployment to simulate mass mortality events on the local plant community. In our experimental plots, we measured changes in plant functional groups before and for three years after experimental carrion deployment. Additionally, we monitored cherrybark oak (<em>Quercus pagoda</em>) seedlings' growth and survival three years after being transplanted in the experimental plots. </p>
Effects of intraspecific competition and body mass on diet specialisation in a mammalian scavenger
<p>1. Animals that rely extensively on scavenging rather than hunting must exploit resources that are inherently patchy, dangerous, or subject to competition. Though it may be expected that scavenging species should therefore form opportunistic feeding habits in order to survive, a broad population diet may mask specialisation occurring at an individual level.</p> <p>2. To test this, we used stable isotope analysis to analyse the degree of specialisation in the diet of the Tasmanian devil, one of few mammalian species to develop adaptations for scavenging.</p> <p>3. We found that the majority of individuals were dietary specialists, indicating that they fed within a narrow trophic niche despite their varied diet as a population.</p> <p>4. Even in competitive populations, only small individuals could be classified as true trophic generalists; larger animals in those populations were trophic specialists. In populations with reduced levels of competition, all individuals were capable of being trophic specialists.</p> <p>5. Heavier individuals showed a greater degree of trophic specialisation, suggesting either that mass is an important driver of diet choice or that trophic specialisation is an efficient foraging strategy allowing greater mass gain.</p> <p>6. Devils may be unique among scavenging mammals in the extent to which they can specialise their diets, having been released from the competitive pressure of larger carnivores.</p>
Data for: Use of viscera from hunted roe deer by vertebrate scavengers in summer in central European mountainous mixed forest
<p><span>Carrion is a valuable resource in forests, providing sustenance for vertebrate and invertebrate scavenger communities and contributing to ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling. Intensive ungulate hunting, and thereby extraction of carcasses, removes large quantities of potential carrion from the system, denying a valuable resource from scavenger fauna. It may be possible to reduce the loss and negative consequences to forest biodiversity by retaining evisceration residues from hunted deer, where full carcasses cannot be retained. However, what roll evisceration residues play as a resource for scavengers in temperate forests is not well understood. In this study, we exposed 47 carrion samples from hunted roe deer, in front of triple sets of camera traps, to examine how hunting remains are removed and fed upon by vertebrate scavengers. Overall, 70 % of the samples were completely removed from experimental sites by vertebrates. We detected twelve vertebrate taxa feeding on evisceration residues, including martens (<em>Martes</em> spp.), red kites (<em>Milvus milvus</em>) and garden dormice (<em>Eliomys quercinus</em>). Common buzzards (<em>Buteo buteo</em>) and Eurasian jays (<em>Garrulus glandarius</em>) were the most frequent feeders on carrion samples, while red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) displaced the largest proportion of samples. Finally, we found a range of insectivorous bird and mammal species using hunting remains as a source for invertebrate prey, while not scavenging on the remains directly. We demonstrate that evisceration residues can be a valuable resource for a wide range of taxa and suggest that viscera retention from hunted game may contribute to resource provisioning for scavengers in forest ecosystems. </span></p>
Wildlife as sentinels of compliance with law: an example with GPS-tagged scavengers and sanitary regulations
<p>Monitoring compliance with environmental laws is essential to overcoming possible implementation shortfalls jeopardizing their effectiveness. Besides improving our ecological understanding of wildlife, remote tracking technologies also allow us to take advantage of such ecological knowledge to use wildlife as sentinels of compliance with law.</p> <p>We illustrate this sentinel potential of wildlife using GPS-tracking of large scavengers with complementary functional traits (i.e., 21 griffon vultures and 13 wolves) to assess compliance with EU sanitary regulations allowing livestock carcass disposal in the field. Wildlife sentinels allowed the systematic evaluation of 489 livestock carcasses left in the field, which revealed an important mismatch between on-paper and in-reality implementation of these regulations. While <45 % of the carcasses were placed in authorized areas, compliance with all the criteria required by the regulations on livestock carcass disposal (e.g., from carcass characteristics such as species, age, or production system to its location far away from water, buildings, or roads) ranged from 0 to 4.2%, with no major differences between regions with uneven implementation. Major gaps in compliance pointed towards insufficient and over-bureaucratized designation of Scavenger Feeding Zones (SFZs), where livestock carcass disposal is authorized. The indiscriminate nature of distance criteria from carcasses to watercourses, buildings, and infrastructure further affected compliance.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: GPS-tagged scavengers allow the on-ground monitoring of carcasses, the addressing of potential risks for wildlife, livestock, and human health, the quantitative assessment of compliance with the law and would improve estimates of carcass availability, substantially contributing to more effective legislation enforcement. Our results show the huge potential of GPS-tagged wildlife as sentinels for monitoring compliance to enhance the environmental rule of law.</p>
Carrion use by a reptile is influenced by season, habitat, and competition with an apex mammalian scavenger
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Competitive interactions among Gymnogyps californianus (California Condor)and other avian scavengers in southern Utah
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Uncovering the vertebrate scavenger guild composition and functioning in the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.