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138 results for “scrub”
Staging to join non-kin groups in a classical cooperative breeder, the Florida scrub-jay
<p>1. Why unrelated members form groups in animal societies remains a pertinent topic in evolutionary biology because benefits for group members often are not obvious. We studied subordinates that disperse to join unrelated social groups in the Florida scrub-jay Aphelocoma coerulescens, a cooperative breeding species mainly composed of kin-based groups. 2. We evaluated potential adaptive benefits of dispersing to become an unrelated helper (staging) versus remaining home and dispersing only to pair and breed (direct dispersal) to understand why non-kin-based groups form. 3. Using 35 years of demographic data, we quantified life history aspects of staging individuals and tested associations between social and ecological factors on the natal and staging territories. We compared fitness outcomes between dispersal strategies by analyzing survival, breeding recruitment, and direct reproductive output. We tested for sexual asymmetry potentially driven by differences in territory acquisition patterns and female-biased dispersal for this species. 4. Of birds that reached one-year-old, 28% staged at a non-natal territory before breeding or disappearing. Staging dispersers departed at younger ages and moved greater distances than direct dispersers. When looking at proximate factors on the natal territory associated with staging, males left groups with many same-sex helpers, while females often left when their father disappeared. For both sexes, staging individuals more likely came from high-quality territories and joined groups with fewer same-sex helpers than in their natal group. While staging and direct dispersers did not differ in survival or likelihood of becoming a breeder, staging males became breeders later and had lower lifetime reproductive success than direct dispersers. 5. In Florida scrub-jays, staging appears to be an alternative strategy for female helpers, but a best-of-a-bad-situation for males. This sexual asymmetry is consistent with males having more options than females to achieve higher reproductive success by breeding near home. Tradeoffs in cost-benefits of departing natal territory and joining unrelated groups as a helper seem to best explain alternative dispersal patterns, with optimal social queues primarily driving the benefits. This research highlights plasticity in dispersal behavior in response to social and environmental conditions and offers new perspective in our understanding of non-kin-based social groups.</p>
Data on: Climate drives the spatiotemporal dynamics of scrub typhus in China
<p>This dataset is the data used in the paper of Global change biology entitled "Climate drives the spatiotemporal dynamics of scrub typhus in China". We incorporate Chinese national surveillance data on scrub typhus from 2010 to 2019 into a climate-driven generalized additive mixed model to explain the spatiotemporal dynamics of this disease and predict how it may be affected by climate change under various representative concentration pathways (RCPs) for three future time periods (the 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s). This dataset provides important information on the projected cases of scrub typhus in mainland China under various RCPs (RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5) for three future time periods, which can help public health authorities refine their prevention and control measures to reduce the disease risk.</p>
Scrub encroachment promotes biodiversity in temperate European wetlands under eutrophic conditions
<p>Wetlands are important habitats, often threatened by drainage, eutrophication and suppression of grazing. In many countries, considerable resources are spent combatting scrub encroachment. Here, we hypothesize that encroachment may benefit biodiversity – especially under eutrophic conditions where asymmetric competition among plants compromises conservation targets. We studied the effects of scrub cover, nutrient levels and soil moisture on richness of vascular plants, bryophytes, soil fungi and microbes in open and overgrown wetlands. We also tested the effect of encroachment, eutrophication and soil moisture on indicators of conservation value (red-listed species, indicator species and uniqueness). Plant and bryophyte species richness peaked at low soil fertility, whereas soil fertility promoted soil microbes. Soil fungi responded negatively to increasing soil moisture. Lidar-derived variables reflecting degree of scrub cover had predominantly positive effects on species richness measures. Conservation value indicators had a negative relationship to soil fertility and a positive to encroachment. For plant indicator species, the negative effect of high nutrient levels was offset by encroachment, supporting our hypothesis of competitive release under shade. The positive effect of soil moisture on indicator species was strong in open habitats only. Nutrient poor mires and meadows host many rare species and require conservation management by grazing and natural hydrology. On former agricultural lands, where restoration of infertile conditions is unfeasible, we recommend rewilding with opportunities for encroachment towards semi-open willow scrub and swamp forest, with the prospect of high species richness in bryophytes, fungi and soil microbes and competitive release in the herb layer.</p>
Vortex input files -- Linking habitat and population viability analysis models of a metapopulation of Florida scrub-jays
<p>Vortex input files for manuscript "<span>Linking </span><span><span>habitat and population viability analysis models to account for <span>vegetation dynamics, habitat fragmentation, and social behavior of a metapopulation of Florida scrub-jays</span></span></span>" by R. C. Lacy, D. B. Breininger, et al. </p>
Scrub Typhus Public Engagement in Northern Thailand - The voice of participants
<p>Scrub Typhus is a potentially deadly febrile disease that is very common in rural Southeast Asia. The population at risk has a low awareness of this disease, which complicates prevention and management. Therefore, between June and September 2020, Chiangrai Clinical Research Unit (CCRU), part of the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Network, together with the Primary Care Department of Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital carried out a series of public engagement activities in Chiangrai, northern Thailand with community health volunteers and healthcare workers in primary care units to increase disease knowledge and awareness and obtain feedback to improve future activities. Participants went on to train community members, increasing awareness and promoting preventive behaviours directly in the communities. In the video we collected interviews with participants and other stakeholders reflecting on their experience.</p>
Dilute Betadine Soak and Scrub for Foot and Ankle Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03926208. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Efficacy Study of Antiseptic Preoperative Scrubs in Prevention of Postoperative Infections
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00290290. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Avoided emissions and conservation of scrub mangroves: a potential Blue Carbon project in the Gulf of California, Mexico
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Is it best to add native shrubs to a coastal sage scrub restoration project as seeds or as seedlings?
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Scrub encroachment promotes biodiversity in temperate European wetlands under eutrophic conditions
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Body size is associated with yearling breeding and extra-pair mating in the Island Scrub-Jay
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Staging to join non-kin groups in a classical cooperative breeder, the Florida scrub-jay
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Stable isotope composition of feathers and foraging behavior parallel bill shape divergence of Island Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma insularis) in pine and oak habitats
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Data on: Climate drives the spatiotemporal dynamics of scrub typhus in China
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Data for: Community science reveals high diversity of nectaring plants visited by painted lady butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in California sage scrub
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Post-fire resilience of restored coastal sage scrub and grassland communities
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Monitoring of vegetation and fire in Florida scrub, flatwoods, and wet prairie in south-central Florida from 1977-2015
This data package is comprised of three datasets all pertaining to the impacts of prescribed fires and wildfires on vegetation at 11 permanent transect sites over nearly four decades at Archbold Biological Station (ABS) in south-central Florida. Data were collected between 1977 to 2015 in wet prairies, flatwoods, oak scrub, rosemary scrub, and hickory scrub. The first dataset, cover_data, contains year and month of sampling at a given transect site, the vegetation association type, burn unit, and the percentage cover data for sampled species and bare ground. The second dataset, fire_occurrence, includes the dates of each fire that impacted each transect site, the burn unit of the transect, and the percentage of transect burned. The third dataset, species_information, includes the scientific name, common name, plant family, and nativity of each sampled species. A fourth unpublished dataset provides the GPS locations for all the aluminum posts that mark each of the 11 transects. These data are available from the Archbold data manager. Below we summarize the setup and data collected for each dataset. Cover_data: We determined the percentage cover (i.e., dominance) of each encountered species at 11 vegetation stands including two wet prairies (WS20, WS21), three flatwoods (WS30, WS42, WSP1), and six Florida scrub associations including four oak scrubs (WS26, WSP2, WS24, WS25, the latter two include areas of rosemary scrub), a rosemary scrub (WS27), and a hickory scrub (WS29). Each stand was sampled at selected times, ranging from five to as many as 12 repeated samplings, during the 38-yr period beginning in 1977 and continuing to 2015. Stands were sampled during January (mid-way during the winter dry season) except for sampling four stands in May 1977 and eight stands in July 1977 to document short-term 4-month and 6-month vegetation recovery following the initial January 1977 prescription burn. At each permanently marked transect site, we sampled 200 m using two parall
Resprouting of 46 Florida scrub species in relation to fire intensities, burn season, and habitat
We measured responses in 46 species of resprouting plants of Florida scrub and related habitats at Archbold Biological Station following 15 single fires from 2006-2012. Resprouting species were grouped into seven species groups and four habitat types. Burns occurred during either the wet, dry or fire season as defined by Platt et al. 2015. Fire temperatures and residence times were recorded using HOBO data loggers at the base of each marked plant. Survival and growth measures were recorded pre- and for up to eight years post-fire. Fires had variable intensities with maximum temperatures ranging from 47-890 degrees C (mean 549 degrees C) and residence times ranging from 0-83 minutes (mean ten). Consumed plants experienced higher fire intensity than scorched plants, and residence times were higher during the fire season and with drier conditions. Across all species affected by fire, 86% of plants survived and resprouted post-fire. First year survival was unrelated to fire variables with high survival across all maximum temperatures and residence times. Burn season, habitat, and species group did not significantly affect survival. On average across all species, post-fire growth recovered to pre-fire heights within four years. RGR was significantly affected by species group and burn season. Herbs and palmettos recovered relatively rapidly. Recovery was slowest during the fire season, and fastest after burns conducted in the fire season. Resprouting perennial plants that dominate Florida scrub and surrounding habitats appear resilient to a wide range of fire intensities, as measured by maximum temperatures and residence times. Post-fire growth was rapid, with recovery of pre-fire heights in four years. Species groups varied in post-fire recovery rates. In these habitats, fire is critical to maintain the habitat structure for many animals and plants, including many rare species. The slower recovery of biomass for some species like oaks, results in the longer availability
Aboveground Biomass of Florida Scrub Plants
Biomass regressions are useful in non-destructively deriving biomass estimates for many applications. We present aboveground biomass regressions for 14 species of resprouting plants found in pyrogenic Florida scrub and related ecosystems. Aboveground biomass was collected from sites within five time-since-fire classes and predicted by plant height, canopy length, canopy width, species, and time-since-fire class. We were generally able to predict 72-95% of biomass variation from the three plant measurements. Regressions without plant width were almost as successful. For six of the species, time-since-fire affected the allometric equations, so we present regressions for specific time-since-fire classes for these species. Species differed markedly in their biomass equations. Within species groups, individual species usually differed but were similar for Lyonias. These equations will be useful in summarizing species responses to fire frequency and fire intensity in Florida scrub and related ecosystems.
FIGURE 10 in Geckos in the granite: two new geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from rocky, scrub habitats in Rishi Valley, Andhra Pradesh, India
FIGURE 10. Hemidactylus rishivalleyensis sp. nov. in life. (A) male, (holotype, NCBS-BH728) and (B) female, (paratype, NCBS-BH729).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.