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Figure 9 in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 9. Ceratocampinae subfamily found in the Vale Nature Reserve, Linhares, EspÍrito Santo, Brasil. Scale: 2 cm. / Subfamilia Ceratocampinae encontrado en la Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, EspÍrito Santo, Brasil. A) Dacunju jucunda (Walker, 1855). B) Eacles ducalis (Walker, 1855). C) Eacles imperialis magnifica Walker, 1855. D) Othorene purpurascens (Schaus, 1905). E) Psigida walkeri (Grote, 1867). F) Schausiella arpi (Schaus, 1892). G) Syssphinx molina (Cramer, 1780). Escala: 2 cm.

Figure 7 in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 7. Arsenurinae subfamily found in the Vale Nature Reserve, Linhares, EspÍrito Santo, Brasil. Scale: 2 cm. / Subfamilia Arsenurinae encontrado en la Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, EspÍrito Santo, Brasil. A) Rhescyntis hippodamia gigantea (Bouvier, 1930). B) Rhescyntis pseudomartii Lemaire, 1976. C) Titaea tarmelan tarmelan (Maassen, 1869). Escala: 2 cm.

Figure 6 in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 6. Arsenurinae subfamily found in the Vale Nature Reserve, Linhares, EspÍrito Santo, Brasil. Scale: 2 cm. / Subfamilia Arsenurinae encontrado en la Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, EspÍrito Santo, Brasil. A) Arsenura armida (Cramer, 1779). B) Arsenura ponderosa ponderosa Rothschild, 1895. C) Arsenura sylla (Walker, 1855). D) Copiopteryx semiramis phoenix (Deyrolle, 1869). E) Loxolomia serpentina Maassen, 1869. F) Paradaemonis pluto (Westwood, 1854). Escala: 2 cm.

Figure 8 in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 8. Ceratocampinae subfamily found in the Vale Nature Reserve, Linhares, EspÍrito Santo, Brasil. Scale: 2 cm. / Subfamilia Ceratocampinae encontrado en la Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, EspÍrito Santo, Brasil. A) Adeloneivaia boisduvalii (Dumet, 1859). B) Adeloneivaia fallax (Boisduval, 1872). C) Adeloneivaia subangulata subangulata (Herrich-Schaffer, 1855). D) Adelowalkeria flavosignata (Walker, 1856). E) Citheronia phoronea (Cramer, 1779). F) Citioica anthonilis (Herrich-Schaffer, 1854). Escala: 2 cm.

Figure 4 in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 4. Kruskal-Wallis comparative analysis of ecological parameters with significant values for Saturniidae assemblage structure between rainy and dry periods from January 1987 to December 1992. Abundance (A), Species Richness (B), and Diversity Shannon-Wiener (C) and Simpson (D). Vale Nature Reserve, Linhares, ES, Brazil. / Análisis comparativo de Kruskal-Wallis de parámetros ecológicos con valores significativos para la estructura de ensamblaje de Saturniidae entre perÍodos lluviosos y secos desde enero de 1987 a diciembre de 1992. Abundancia (A), riqueza de especies (B) y diversidad Shannon-Wiener (C) y Simpson (D). Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, ES, Brasil.

Figure 5 in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 5. "Kruskal-Wallis" comparative analysis of ecological parameter with significant values for the assembly structure of Saturnidae collected at Vale Natural Reserve, Linhares, ES, Brazil, between the dry and rainy seasons of January 1987 to December 1992. Dominance (A), Wealth (B), Shannon-Wierner diversity (C) and Simpson diversity (D) / Análisis comparativo "Kruskal-Wallis" de parámetros ecológicos con valores significativos para la estructura de ensamblaje de Saturnidae recolectados en la Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, ES, Brasil, entre las estaciones seca y lluviosa de enero de 1987 a diciembre de 1992. Dominancia (A), Riqueza (B), diversidad de Shannon-Wierner (C) y diversidad de Simpson (D).

Figure 2. Collector curve for samplings from 1987 in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 2. Collector curve for samplings from 1987 to 1992. The median line is representing the mean and external lines the standard deviation. Vale Nature Reserve, Linhares, ES, Brazil. / Curva colectora para muestreos de 1987 a 1992. La lÍnea mediana representa la media y las lÍneas externas la desviación estándar. Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, ES, Brasil.

Figure 3 in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 3. Kruskal-Wallis comparative analysis of ecological parameters with significant values for Saturniidae assemblage structure between rainy and dry periods from January 1987 to December 1992. Richness (A) and Abundance (B). Vale Nature Reserve, Linhares, ES, Brazil. / Análisis comparativo de Kruskal-Wallis de parámetros ecológicos con valores significativos para la estructura del ensamblaje de Saturniidae entre perÍodos lluviosos y secos desde enero de 1987 a diciembre de

Figure 1. Study area. A in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 1. Study area. A) Location in South America. B) Location in the state of EspÍrito Santo. C) Location of sampled points (yellow stars). Vale Nature Reserve, municipality of Linhares-ES. / Área de estudio. A) Ubicación en América del Sur. B) Ubicación en el Estado de EspÍrito Santo. C) Ubicación de los puntos muestreados (estrellas amarillas). Reserva Natural de Vale, municipio de Linhares-ES.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Dataset for "Long-term fluxes of carbonyl sulfide and their seasonality and interannual variability in a boreal forest"

<p>The final dataset used in manuscript "Long-term fluxes of carbonyl sulfide and their seasonality and interannual variability in a boreal forest" by Vesala et al. (2022). The dataset contains carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon dioxide (CO2) eddy covariance flux data and in-situ meteorological data measured at Hyytiälä forest in Juupajoki, Southern Finland, as well as meteorological drivers for SiB4 simulations and SiB4 simulated COS flux at the Hyytiälä grid cell from January 2013 to December 2017. Raw data are available upon request from the author.</p>

Fig. 2 in Croton sertanejus, a new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil, and redescription of C. echioides (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 2. Croton sertanejus Sodré & M.J.Silva sp. nov. A–B. Habit. C. Flowering branch showing ramifying in alternate branches. D. Inflorescence showing pistillate flowers and staminate buds. E. Pistillate flowers. F. Unisexual staminate inflorescence. G. Fruit. H–I. Fruit columella. J. Apex of columella with irregular and plane tips. K. Seed, dorsal side. L. Seed, ventral surface. A–F = Population from Oliveira dos Brejinhos, Bahia (R.C. Sodré et al. 3350, holotype; BOTU); G–L = K.N.C. Castro & J.B.A. Souza 471 (CEN). Photographs: R.C. Sodré.

Fig. 7 in Croton sertanejus, a new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil, and redescription of C. echioides (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 7. Cross sections of the petiole of Croton echioides Baill. and C. sertanejus Sodré & M.J.Silva sp. nov. A–E. Croton echioides. A. Median portion of the petiole. B. Detail of accessory vascular bundles. C. Detail of the epidermis, cortex and vascular cylinder. D–E. Detail of vascular cylinder, laticifers, gelatinous fibers and druses. – F–J. C. sertanejus sp. nov. F. Median portion of the petiole. G. Detail of accessory vascular bundles. H. Detail of the epidermis and cortex. I–J. Detail of vascular cylinder, gelatinous fibers and druses. Asterisks indicate laticifers. Abbreviations: av = accessory vascular bundles; cl = collenchyma; co = cortex; d = druses; ep = epidermis; f = gelatinous fibers; p = pericycle; pa = ground parenchyma; ph = phloem; pi = pith; stt = stellate trichome; vc = vascular cylinder; xy = xylem. A–E = R.C. Sodré et al. 3284 (BOTU); F–J = R.C. Sodré et al. 3350, holotype (BOTU). Scale bars: A, F = 300 µm; B–D, G–H, J = 50 µm; C = 200 µm; E, I = 20 µm.

Fig. 3 in Croton sertanejus, a new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil, and redescription of C. echioides (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 3. Geographical distribution of Croton echioides Baill. and C. sertanejus Sodré & M.J.Silva sp. nov. Ecoregions classified according to Dinerstein et al. (2017) (avaliable athttps://ecoregions2017.appspot.com). Abbreviations for Brazilian States: AL = Alagoas; BA = Bahia; CE = Ceará; ES = Espirito Santo; DF = Federal District; GO = Goiás; MA = Maranhão; MG = Minas Gerais; PB = Paraíba; PE = Pernambuco; PI = Piauí; RJ = Rio de Janeiro; RN = Rio Grande do Norte; SE = Sergipe; SP = São Paulo; TO = Tocantins.

Fig. 5. Croton echioides Baill. A–B. Habit. C. Flowering branch. D in Croton sertanejus, a new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil, and redescription of C. echioides (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 5. Croton echioides Baill. A–B. Habit. C. Flowering branch. D. Inflorescence showing pistillate flowers and staminate buds, detail of the pistillate flowers in the insert. E. Pistillate flowers. F. Median portion of an inflorescence with bisexual cymules containing one pistillate flower and one staminate bud. G. Detail of the staminate inflorescence. H. Staminate flowers. I. Staminate flowers and buds. J. Fruit. K. Fruit columella. L. Apex of columella with three slightly ascending tips. M. Seed, dorsal side. N. Seed, ventral side. A, F–I. = Population from Igaporã, Bahia (R.C. Sodré et al. 3284; BOTU); B–E. = Population from Abaíra, Bahia (R.C. Sodré et al. 3314; BOTU); J–N. = V.C. Souza et al. 5495 (ESA). Photographs: R.C. Sodré.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021). in Floristic, Vegetation And Climate Assessment Of The Early/Middle Miocene Parschlug Flora Indicates A Distinctly Seasonal Climate

Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021).

Fig. 6 in Croton sertanejus, a new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil, and redescription of C. echioides (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 6. Cross sections of the leaf blade of C. echioides Baill. (A, E–I, N–Q) and C. sertanejus Sodré & M.J.Silva sp. nov. (B–D, J–M, R–V). A. Median portion of the leaf blade of C. echioides, note the stipitate trichomes of abaxial surface in lateral view. B. Median portion of the leaf blade of C. sertanejus, note the sessile trichomes of abaxial surface in lateral view. C. Leaf margin of C. sertanejus, note simple trichomes of adaxial surface. D. Base of the trichome of adaxial surface of C. sertanejus. E. Vascular bundle of C. echioides. F–H. Median portion of the leaf blade of C. echioides. I. Leaf margin of C. echioides. J. Vascular bundle of C. sertanejus. K–L. Median portion of the leaf blade of C. sertanejus. M. Leaf margin of C. sertanejus. N. Primary vein of C. echioides. O. Detail of vascular cylinder of C. echioides primary vein. P. Collenchyma in adaxial surface of C. echioides primary vein. Q. Detail of the vascular bundle, note xylem, phloem, laticifer and druse. R. Primary vein of C. sertanejus. S. Detail of vascular cylinder of C. sertanejus primary vein. T. Collenchyma in adaxial surface of C. echioides primary vein. U. Detail of the epidermis and cortex of C. echioides primary vein. V. Detail of the vascular bundle, note xylem, phloem and druse. Arrowheads indicate stomata; asterisks indicate laticifers. Abbreviations: cl = collenchyma; co = cortex; d = druses; ep = epidermis; i = idioblasts; pa = ground parenchyma; ph = phloem; pp = palisade parenchyma; sp = spongy parenchyma; st = simple trichome; stt = stellate trichome; vb = vascular bundle; vc = vascular cylinder; xy = xylem. A, E–I, N–Q = R.C. Sodré et al. 3284 (BOTU); B–D, J–M, R–V = R.C. Sodré et al. 3350, holotype (BOTU). Scale bars: A–C, N, R = 200 µm; D–G, I–M, P–Q, T–V = 50 µm; H = 20 µm; O, S = 100 µm.

Fig. 1 in Croton sertanejus, a new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil, and redescription of C. echioides (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 1. Croton sertanejus Sodré & M.J.Silva sp. nov. A. Flowering branch. B. Detail of older portion of stem with leaf scars. C 1 –C 2. Indumentum of the stems. C 1. Tomentose indumentum. C 2. Hirsute indumentum. D 1 –D 3. Trichomes of the stems. D 1. Stellate trichome. D 2. Multiradiate-porrect trichome. D 3. Stellate-porrect trichome. E. Stipule, ventral surface. F 1 –F 2. Leaves. F 1. Elliptic leaf blade. F 2. Ovate leaf blade. G. Detail of the galls on the leaf blade. H. Extrafloral nectaries of leaf base in adaxial view. I. Colleters of leaf margin in adaxial view. J1–J3. Indumentum of leaf blades. J1. Tomentose indumentum of abaxial surface. J2. Sparse indumentum of simple, stellate-porrect or 2-radiate trichomes of adaxial surface. J 3. Sparse indumentum of stellate trichomes of adaxial surface. K. Inflorescence. L 1. Staminate flower bract, ventral surface. L 2. Staminate flower bracteole, ventral surface. M. Staminate flower. N 1 – N 3. Lobes of staminate flower calyx in dorsal view. N 1. Two lobes showing the union of the calyx. N 2. Dense indumentum of stellate-porrect trichomes. N3. Sparse indumentum of stellate-porrect trichomes. O 1 –O 2. Pistillate flower petals in dorsal view. O 1. Obovate petal. O 2. Oblanceolate petal. P. Stamen. Q 1. Pistillate flower bract, ventral surface. Q 2. Pistillate flower bracteole, ventral surface. R. Pistillate flower. S 1 –S 2. Pistillate flower sepal. S 1. Dorsal view. S 2. Ventral view. T. Gynoecium. U. Nectary disk and reduced petals of the pistillate flowers (cut out sepals and gynoecium removed). V. Fruit. W 1. Fruit columella. W2. Apex of columella with irregular and plane tips. W3. Apex of columella with three slightly ascending tips. X 1. Seed, dorsal side. X2. Seed, ventral side. Drawing by Renato Galhardo: A–U = R.C. Sodré et al. 3350, holotype (BOTU); V–X = K.N.C. Castro & J.B.A. Souza 471 (CEN).

Fig. 4. Croton echioides Baill. A. Flowering branch. B in Croton sertanejus, a new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil, and redescription of C. echioides (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 4. Croton echioides Baill. A. Flowering branch. B. Detail of the indumentum of the stems and stipule. C 1 –C 2. Trichomes of the stems. C 1. Stellate-rotate trichome. C 2. Stellate-porrect trichome. D 1 –D 2. Stipules. D1. Surface. D 2. Ventral surface. E 1–E3. Leaves, note the variation in the shape of the leaf blades and in the length of the petioles. F1–F3. Extrafloral nectaries of leaf base in abaxial view. F1. Stipitatepatelliform. F 2. Obconic. F 3. Cylindric. G. Colleters of leaf margin in adaxial view. H 1. Leaf indumentum of the abaxial surface. H 2. Leaf indumentum of the adaxial surface. I. Inflorescence. J 1. Staminate flower bract, ventral surface. J 2. Staminate flower bracteole, ventral surface. K. Staminate flower. L 1 –L 2. Lobes of staminate flower calyces in dorsal view. L1. Dense indumentum. L2. Sparse indumentum. M1–M2. Staminate flower petals in dorsal view. M1. Obovate petal. M2. Oboval-oblanceolate petal. N. Stamen. O 1. Pistillate flower bract, ventral surface. O 2 –O 3. Pistillate flower bracteoles, ventral surface. P. Pistillate flower. Q. Pistillate flower in upper view showing ventral surface of the sepals, disk and reduced petals (gynoecium removed), note the unequal sepals. R 1 –R 2. Indumentum of ventral surface of the pistillate flower sepals. S. Pistillate flower in lower view showing dorsal surface of sepals. T. Indumentum of dorsal surface of the pistillate flower sepals. U. Gynoecium. V. Nectary disk and reduced petals of the pistillate flowers (cut out sepals and gynoecium removed). W. Fruit. X 1. Fruit columella. X 2. Apex of columella with plane tips. X 3. Apex of columella with three slightly ascending tips. Y 1. Seed, dorsal side. Y 2. Seed, ventral side. Drawing by Renato Galhardo: A, E2, F1 = E. Melo et al. 7571 (HUEFS); E1, F3, O1–V = R.C. Sodré et al. 3284 (BOTU); B–D2, G–N = R.C. Sodré et al. 3314 (BOTU); E3, F2, W–Y2 = V.C. Souza et al. 5495 (ESA).

Figure 12 in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 12. Saturniinae subfamily found in the Vale Nature Reserve, Linhares, EspÍrito Santo, Brasil. Scale: 2 cm. / Subfamilia Saturniinae encontrado en la Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, EspÍrito Santo, Brasil. A) Copaxa decrescens Walker, 1855. B) Rothschildia arethusa arethusa (Walker, 1855). C) Rothschildia aurota (Cramer, 1775). D) Rothschildia belus (Maassen, 1873). Escala 2 cm.