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Fig. 8 in Habitat and seasonal activity patterns of the terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Belgium

Fig. 8. Corrected number of observations per two-month period for Haplophthalmus montivagus (N = 157).

Fig. 24 in Habitat and seasonal activity patterns of the terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Belgium

Fig. 24. Corrected number of observations per two-month period for Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii (N = 163).

Fig. 1 in Habitat and seasonal activity patterns of the terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Belgium

Fig. 1. Different habitats in Belgium well suited for terrestrial isopods. a, old forest in Parike, Belgium; b, disused quarry in Reuland, Belgium; c, stream side (dyke) of the Dyle river in Rijmenam, Belgium; d, old cemetery in Rahier, Belgium; e, old stable in a meadow near Saint-Saveur, Belgium.

Fig. 2. a in Habitat and seasonal activity patterns of the terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Belgium

Fig. 2. a, Ligia oceanica; b, Haplophthalmus danicus; c, Miktoniscus patience; d, Trichoniscus pygmaeus; e, Armadillidium pictum; f, Armadillidium vulgare; g, Porcellio dilatatus; h, Porcellio laevis.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Fig. 2 in Patterns of gastrointestinal parasite infections in bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis, with respect to host sex and seasonality

Fig. 2. Seasonal differences in fecal egg counts in female (blue) and male (red) bighorn sheep. Point intervals display the mean count ±95% confidence intervals as predicted by generalised linear mixed effects models. Seasons are: Late gestation (Late gestation/early lactation between April to June); Lactation/summer (between July and October); Rut (November and December); Winter (Winter/early gestation from January to March). Parasites are a) Strongyle; b) Nematodirus; c) Marshallagia; d) Protostrongylus lungworm; e) Eimeria. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Fig. 1 in Patterns of gastrointestinal parasite infections in bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis, with respect to host sex and seasonality

Fig. 1. Schematic of the reproductive biology and seasons of bighorn sheep. The blue circle represents the entire year, where the top is December, 3 o'clock March, 6 o'clock June, 10 o'clock October etc. The grey quarter circle represents the season Jan–March = Winter/early gestation; the dark green quarter circles represent the season from April–June = late gestation/early lactation; the light green line represents the season between July and October, which is also representing lactation/summer; and the brown line is representing November and December, or the rutting season. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Fig. 3 in Patterns of gastrointestinal parasite infections in bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis, with respect to host sex and seasonality

Fig. 3. Differences in mean and standard error in strongyle counts between males that use the coursing or tending mating tactic. Point intervals display the mean count ±95% confidence intervals as predicted by the generalised linear mixed effects model.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2011View details →

Fig. 1 in Patterns of niche breadth and feeding overlap of the fish fauna in the seasonal Brazilian Pantanal, Cuiabá River basin

Fig. 1. Location of the sampling site in the Cuiabá River (1 and 2) and Chacororé pond (3), in the upper Pantanal region, Mato Grosso State, Brazil.

Fig. 6 in Gape size influences seasonal patterns of piscivore diets in three Neotropical rivers

Fig. 6. Frequency histogram of the largest (SL) 5% of individuals collected each month in seine hauls. Larger individuals became increasingly rare from November to April as water levels fall. Arrows indicate the median size for each month.

Fig. 2 in Gape size influences seasonal patterns of piscivore diets in three Neotropical rivers

Fig. 2. Photographs of representative individuals of the focal species in this study (not preserved). From top: a) Boulengerella cuvieri (SL= 320 mm), b) Boulengerella lucius (SL= 420 mm), c) Cichla temensis (SL= 360 mm), d) Cichla orinocensis (SL= 305 mm).

Fig. 5 in Gape size influences seasonal patterns of piscivore diets in three Neotropical rivers

Fig. 5. Prey/predator body length ratios for four predator species. Relationships are presented from falling water (October) to rising water (May) period. Significant relationships are represented by a solid line and non-significant relationships with dotted lines. Number of stomach contents examined during the study period: Ventuari: C. temensis = 408, C. orinocensis = 698; Cinaruco: C. temensis = 1365, C. orinocensis = 755, B. cuvieri = 292, B. lucius = 411; La Guardia: C. temensis = 444, C. orinocensis = 228, B. cuvieri = 93, B. lucius = 67.

Fig. 1 in Gape size influences seasonal patterns of piscivore diets in three Neotropical rivers

Fig. 1. Map of Venezuela showing the locations of the three tributaries of the Orinoco River considered in this study: La Guardia, Cinaruco, and Ventuari Rivers.

Fig. 4 in Gape size influences seasonal patterns of piscivore diets in three Neotropical rivers

Fig. 4. Relationship between estimated predator gape width (from Fig. 3) and measured prey length size. Significant relationships are represented by solid lines and non-significant relationships with dotted lines. a) C. temensis and C. orinocensis; b) B. lucius and B. cuvieri.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2010View details →

Fig. 3 in Spatial pattern of a fish assemblage in a seasonal tropical wetland: effects of habitat, herbaceous plant biomass, water depth, and distance from species sources

Fig. 3. Partial regressions testing the effects of water depth (left) and distance from colonizing source (right) on fish species richness collected in 22 plots in Site of Long-Term Sampling (SLTS). Only statistically significant relationships are shown.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2010View details →

Fig. 1 in Spatial pattern of a fish assemblage in a seasonal tropical wetland: effects of habitat, herbaceous plant biomass, water depth, and distance from species sources

Fig. 1. Geographical location of the study area and the Site of Long-Term Sampling (in the area). The system is installed in the Pantanal, Brazil.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Various seasonal pattern and mechanisms of soil nitrogen transformation along elevations in the Hengduan Mountains

Soil nitrogen (N) transformation, a key microbial process in global N cycling, is thought to alter soil N availability and subsequently regulate ecosystem functioning. In particular, the gross rates of N transformation can provide a deeper understanding of internal N dynamics and mechanisms, but questions of whether gross N transformation processes and their underlying drivers change with seasons and elevations remain large uncertain. Based on field collection along an elevational gradient and laboratory incubation experiments, we investigated the seasonal processes of soil N mineralization and nitrification with 15N isotope dilution technique, and also explored the potential mechanisms involved in the Hengduan Mountains. Unimodal soil gross/net mineralization rates were higher in the wet season (61.32 mg kg-1 d-1; 1.01 mg kg-1 d-1; respectively) than in the dry season (10.88 mg kg-1 d-1; 0.55 mg kg-1 d-1; respectively) (P < 0.001), with a peak at medium elevation. Soil gross/net nitrification rates were lower in the wet season (1.43 mg kg-1 d-1; -0.017 mg kg-1 d-1) than in the dry season (2.49 mg kg-1 d-1; 0.004 mg kg-1 d-1; respectively) (P < 0.001), which increased with increasing elevation. The results detected the dominant drivers of the gross transformation rates, specifically microbial attributes occupied crucial roles in controlling the gross mineralization/nitrification in the wet season, and soil physicochemical properties were dominant controllers on the gross mineralization/nitrification during the dry season. This study revealed the divergent patterns and drivers of N transformation, suggesting that seasonal N cycling should no longer be overlooked if we are to predict N biogeochemical cycles in response to environmental change accurately.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Pattern of seasonal variation in rates of predation between spider families is temporally stable in a food web with widespread intraguild predation

Intraguild predation (IGP) – predation between generalist predators (IGPredator and IGPrey) that potentially compete for a shared prey resource – is a common interaction module in terrestrial food webs. Understanding temporal variation in webs with widespread IGP is relevant to testing food web theory. We investigated temporal constancy in the structure of such a system: the spider-focused food web of the forest floor. Multiplex PCR was used to detect prey DNA in 3,300 adult spiders collected from the floor of a deciduous forest during spring, summer, and fall over four years. Because only spiders were defined as consumers, the web was tripartite, with 11 consumer nodes (spider families) and 22 resource nodes: 11 non-spider arthropod taxa (order- or family-level) and the 11 spider families. Most (99%) spider-spider predation was on spider IGPrey, and ~90% of these interactions were restricted to spider families within the same broadly defined foraging mode (cursorial or web-spinning spiders). Bootstrapped-derived confidence intervals (BCI's) for two indices of web structure, restricted connectance and interaction evenness, overlapped broadly across years and seasons. A third index, % IGPrey (% IGPrey among all prey of spiders), was similar across years (~50%) but varied seasonally, with a summer rate (65%) ~1.8x higher than spring and fall. This seasonal pattern was consistent across years. Our results suggest that extensive spider predation on spider IGPrey that exhibits consistent seasonal variation in frequency, and that occurs primarily within two broadly defined spider-spider interaction pathways, must be incorporated into models of the dynamics of forest-floor food webs.

publicDec 2023View details →

Patterns in bird and pollinator occupancy and richness in a mosaic of urban office parks across scales and seasons

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publicDec 2021View details →

Acaulescence promotes speciation and shapes the distribution patterns of palms in Neotropical seasonally dry habitats

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