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84 results for “seasonally dry tropical forests”
Effects of El Niño drought on seedling dynamics in a seasonally dry tropical forest in northern Thailand
<p><span>As El Niño is predicted to become stronger and more frequent in the future, it is crucial to understand how El Niño-induced droughts will affect tropical forests. Although many studies have focused on tropical rainforests, there is a paucity of studies on them, particularly in Asia, and few studies have focused on seedling dynamics, which are expected to be strongly affected by drought. Seedlings in seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) are generally more drought-tolerant than those in the rainforests, and the effects of El Niño-induced droughts may differ between SDTF and tropical rainforests. In this study, we explored the impact of El Niño-induced drought at an SDTF in northern Thailand by monitoring the seedling dynamics at monthly intervals for seven years, including a period of strong El Niño. The effects were compared between two forest types in an SDTF: a </span><span>deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF)</span><span>, dominated by deciduous species, and an adjacent </span><span>lower montane forest</span><span> (LMF) with more evergreen species. El Niño-induced drought increased seedling mortality in both forest types. The effect of drought was stronger in evergreen than in the deciduous species, resulting in higher mortality in the LMF during El Niño. However, El Niño increased seedling recruitment only in the DDF, mainly because of the massive recruitment of the deciduous oak, <em>Quercus brandisiana</em> (Fagaceae), which compensated for the mortality of seedlings in the DDF. As a result, El Niño increased seedling density in the DDF and decreased it in the LMF. This is the first long-term study to identify the differences in the impacts of El Niño on seedlings between the two forest types, DDF and LMF, and two leaf habits, evergreen and deciduous, in Southeast Asia. Our findings suggest that future climate change may alter the species composition and spatial distribution of seedlings in Asian SDTFs.</span></p>
FIGURE 6 in A new cryptic species of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of central Brazil
FIGURE 6. Landscape of calcareous rock outcrops (A and B) in the São Domingos municipality, state of Goiás, type locality of Oreobates antrum sp. nov. Photos by C.F. Rocha.
FIGURE 5 in A new cryptic species of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of central Brazil
FIGURE 5. Map showing the type locality of the Oreobates antrum sp. nov. (black star), São Domingos municipality, Brazil. DF = Federal District; GO = State of Goiás; TO = State of Tocantins; BA = State of Bahia; MG = State of Minas Gerais.
FIGURE 3 in A new cryptic species of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of central Brazil
FIGURE 3. Color patterns in live specimens of Oreobates antrum sp. n. from the type locality at São Domingos, State of Goiás. Dorsum light brown (A) and reddish-brown (B), absence of dorsolateral bar (C), dorsolateral longitudinal stripes from post-ocular to sacral regions (D), diagonal labial bars slightly faded (E), light brown blotches between the eyes and nostrils (F). Photos by D.L. Santos, S.P. Andrade and E.P. Victor-Junior.
FIGURE 4 in A new cryptic species of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of central Brazil
FIGURE 4. Power spectrum (above), oscillogram (middle), and corresponding spectrogram (below) of a single call of the Oreobates antrum sp. nov. from type-locality at municipality of São Domingos, state of Goiás, Brazil. Recorded on 01 December 2013 at 21:07h. Air temperature 19°C, relative air humidity 85%.
FIGURE 1 in A new cryptic species of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of central Brazil
FIGURE 1. Consensus tree of Bayesian (A) and maximum likelihood (B) phylogenetic trees inferred from the combined dataset of 2132 bp of the 12S, 16S, RAG-1 and TYR genes. Branches values correspond to posterior probabilities in Bayesian inference (A) and bootstrap in maximum likelihood (B). Only values higher than 0.95 (BC) and 70% (ML) were considered. Branches in red indicate specimens of the new species (Oreobates antrum sp. nov.).
FIGURE 2 in A new cryptic species of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of central Brazil
FIGURE 2. Oreobates antrum sp. nov. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head, palmar (C) and plantar (D) views of the Holotype (MNRJ 91628). Bars = 3 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Biogeographical identity of the Mesoamerican dominion with emphasis on seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 3. Biogeographical regionalization and area relationships for the Mesoamerican dominion based Cluster analysis (Sorensen dissimilarity coefficient) of species of the seasonally dry tropical forests, on a grid of 0.5° × 0.5° grid-cells. Colours in the dendrogram correspond to those on the map and node labels correspond to the distance (dissimilarity) between clusters. (a) Caribbean sub-region, (b) Mesoamerican tropical rain forests, (c) Mesoamerican tropical dry forests.
FIGURE 4 in Biogeographical identity of the Mesoamerican dominion with emphasis on seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 4. Geographical patterns of species richness of species of the seasonally dry tropical forests for the Mesoamerican dominion, on a grid of 0.5° × 0.5° grid-cells.
FIGURE 5 in Biogeographical identity of the Mesoamerican dominion with emphasis on seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 5. Geographical patterns of species endemism richness of species of the seasonally dry tropical forests for the Mesoamerican dominion, on a grid of 0.5° × 0.5° grid-cells.
FIGURE 2 in Biogeographical identity of the Mesoamerican dominion with emphasis on seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 2. Biogeographical regionalization and area relationships for the Neotropical region based Cluster analysis (Sorensen dissimilarity coefficient) of species of the seasonally dry tropical forests, on a grid of 0.5° × 0.5° grid-cells. Colours in the dendrogram correspond to those on the map and node labels correspond to the distance (dissimilarity) between clusters.
Data from: Rainfall seasonality predicts the germination behaviour of a tropical dry-forest vine
Seed dormancy is considered an adaptive strategy in seasonal and/or unpredictable environments because it prevents germination during climatically favourable periods that are too short for seedling establishment. Tropical dry forests are seasonal environments where seed dormancy may play an important role in plant resilience and resistance to changing precipitation patterns. We studied the germination behaviour of seeds from six populations of the Neotropical vine Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae) originating from environments of contrasting rainfall seasonality. Seeds produced by second greenhouse-generation plants were measured and exposed to a favourable wet environment at different time intervals after capsule dehiscence and dispersal. We recorded the success and the timing of germination. All populations produced at least some dormant seeds, but seeds of populations originating from more seasonal environments required longer periods of after-ripening before germinating. Within populations, larger seeds tended to require longer after-ripening periods than did smaller seeds. These results indicate among-population genetic differences in germination behaviour and suggest that these populations are adapted to local environmental conditions. They also suggest a role of seed size in germination timing within populations. Ongoing changes in seasonality patterns in tropical dry forests may impose strong selection on these traits.
FIGURE 2 in Stigmaphyllon caatingicola (Malpighiaceae), a new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests in Brazil
FIGURE 2. Stigmaphyllon caatingicola: A. detail of the abaxial surface of entire leaves, B. detail of the adaxial surface of lobed leaves, C. flowering branches, D. detail of the inflorescence, E. detail of a sepal with oil glands, F. lateral and posterior petals, G. androecium with stamens connate at base and enlarged (androecium opened at the stamen opposite to the anterior sepal), H. detail of the gynoecium, I. detail of the samaroid mericarp (based on R.F.Almeida 577).
FIGURE 3 in Stigmaphyllon caatingicola (Malpighiaceae), a new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests in Brazil
FIGURE 3. Map of the distribution of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola (circles) and Stigmaphyllon urenifolium (squares).
FIGURE 1 in Stigmaphyllon caatingicola (Malpighiaceae), a new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests in Brazil
FIGURE 1. Stigmaphyllon caatingicola: A. adaxial leaf surface, B. detail of inflorescence, C. detail of flower, D. samaroid mericarp from S. urenifolium (left) and S. caatingicola (right, scale 1 cm), E. detail of stem surface, F. habitat within SDTF in anthropomorphically modified Caatinga (white arrow shows a tree with S. caatingicola climbing) (R.F.Almeida 577, holotype).
Figure 2 in Anurans of a seasonally dry tropical forest: Morro do Diabo State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil
Figure 2. Historical rainfall distribution and minimum and maximum mean monthly temperatures recorded from 1977 to 2002 in Morro do Diabo State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil. Source: Faria (2006).
Figure 3 in Anurans of a seasonally dry tropical forest: Morro do Diabo State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil
Figure 3. Cumulative curve of species and richness estimators of anurans recorded in Morro do Diabo State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil, from September 2005 to March 2007 based on sampling at breeding sites. The dots show the mean cumulative curve, generated by 500 randomized additions of samples, and the vertical bars indicate possible variation around the medium curve (confidence interval of 95%).
Figure 1 in Anurans of a seasonally dry tropical forest: Morro do Diabo State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil
Figure 1. Phytogeographic units of Brazil, pointing out the state of São Paulo, and showing the location of Morro do Diabo State Park (MDSP).
Figure 5 in Anurans of a seasonally dry tropical forest: Morro do Diabo State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil
Figure 5. Dispersion diagram of the similarity matrix in the composition of the anuran assemblage (Coefficient of Geographic Resemblance; CGR) with the geographic distance matrix among the localities. p is the significance level to Mantel's test (r), using 5000 Monte Carlo permutations.
Figure 4 in Anurans of a seasonally dry tropical forest: Morro do Diabo State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil
Figure 4. Similarity (Coefficient of Geographic Resemblance; CGR) in the taxonomic composition of the Morro do Diabo State Park anuran assemblage with other areas of different phytogeographic units in the country. r represents the Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient. The abbreviations are defined in Table 1.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.