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166 results for “sexual size dimorphism”
Sex differences in the behavioural traits across ontogenetic stages in a sexually-size dimorphic spider
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Sexual dimorphism in size and shape of the head in the sea snake Emydocephalus annulatus
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Data from: revisiting niche divergence hypothesis in dimorphic birds: is diet overlap correlated with sexual size dimorphism?
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Data for: Size rather than complexity of sexual ornaments prolongs male metamorphosis and explains sexual size dimorphism in sepsid flies
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Dancing drives evolution of sexual size dimorphism in manakins
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Influence of microhabitat, fecundity, and parental care on the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in Caribbean Eleutherodactylus frogs
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Variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism in the most widely-ranging lizard: testing the effects of reproductive mode and climate
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Data from: Selection for predation, not female fecundity, explains sexual size dimorphism in the orchid mantises
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Sexual size dimorphism is associated with reproductive life history trait differentiation in coexisting sepsid flies
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Data for the article entitled: Linking sexual size dimorphism to trophic niche partitioning in a generalist predator
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Data from: Sexual dimorphism in head size in wild burying beetles
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Data from: The tale of the shrinking weapon: seasonal changes in nutrition affect weapon size and sexual dimorphism, but not contemporary evolution
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Macroevolutionary patterns of sexual size dimorphism among African tree frogs (Family: Hyperoliidae)
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Data and code for: Sex-specific trait architecture in a sexually size dimorphic spider
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Genetic variation in sexual size dimorphism is associated with variation in sex-specific plasticity in Drosophila
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Sexual dimorphism in fin size and shape in North American Killifish
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An effect size statistical framework for investigating sexual dimorphism in non-avian dinosaurs and other extinct taxa
<p>Despite reports of sexual dimorphism in extinct taxa, such claims in non-avian dinosaurs have been underrepresented recently (~the last decade) and often criticized. Since dimorphism is widespread in sexually reproducing organisms today, underrepresentation might suggest either methodological shortcomings or that this diverse group exhibited highly unusual reproductive biology. Univariate significance testing, especially for bimodality, is ineffective and prone to false negatives. Species recognition and mutual sexual selection hypotheses, therefore, may not be required to explain supposed absence of sexual dimorphism across the grade, likely a type II error. Instead, multiple lines of evidence support sexual selection and variation of structures consistent with secondary sexual characteristics, strongly suggesting sexual dimorphism in non-avian dinosaurs. We propose a framework for studying sexual dimorphism in fossils, focusing on likely secondarily sexual traits and testing against all alternate hypotheses for variation in them using multiple lines of evidence. We use effect size statistics appropriate for low sample sizes, rather than significance testing, to analyze potential divergence of growth curves in traits and constrain estimates for dimorphism magnitude. In many cases, estimates of sexual variation can be reasonably accurate, and further developments in methods to improve sex assignments and account for intrasexual variation (e.g., mixture modelling) will improve accuracy. It is better to compare estimates for the magnitude of and support for dimorphism between datasets than to dichotomously reject or fail to reject monomorphism in a single species, enabling the study of sexual selection across phylogenies and time. We defend our approach with simulated and empirical data, including dinosaur data, showing that even simple approaches can yield fairly accurate estimates of sexual variation in many cases, allowing for comparison of species with high and low support for sexual variation.</p>
Data from: Reversed brain size sexual dimorphism accompanies loss of parental care in white sticklebacks
Uncovering factors that shape variation in brain morphology remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Recently, it has been shown that brain size is positively associated with level of parental care behavior in various taxa. One explanation for this pattern is that the cognitive demands of performing complex parental care may require increased brain size. This idea is known as the parental brain hypothesis (PBH). We set out to test the predictions of this hypothesis in wild populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). These fish are commonly known to exhibit (1) uniparental male care and (2) sexual dimorphism in brain size (males>females). To test the PBH, we took advantage of the existence of closely related populations of stickleback that display variation in parental care behavior: common marine threespine sticklebacks (uniparental male care) and white threespine sticklebacks (no care). To begin, we quantified genetic differentiation among two common populations and three white populations from Nova Scotia. We found overall low differentiation among populations, although FST was increased in between-type comparisons. We then measured the brain weights of males and females from all five populations along with two additional common populations from British Columbia. We found that sexual dimorphism in brain size is reversed in white stickleback populations: males have smaller brains than females. Thus, while several alternatives need to be ruled out, the PBH appears to be a reasonable explanation for sexual dimorphism in brain size in threespine sticklebacks.
Selection for increased male size predicts variation in sexual size dimorphism among fish species
<p><a name="_Hlk23424265">Variation in the degree of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) among taxa is generally considered to arise from differences in the relative intensity of male-male competition and fecundity selection. One might predict, therefore, that SSD will vary systematically with: 1) the intensity of sexual selection for increased male size, and 2) the intensity of fecundity selection for increased female size. To test these two fundamental hypotheses, we conducted a phylogenetic comparative analysis of SSD in fish. Specifically, using </a>records of body length at first sexual maturity from FishBase, we quantified variation in the magnitude and direction of SSD in >600 diverse freshwater and marine fish species, from sticklebacks to sharks. Although female-biased SSD was common, and thought to be driven primarily by fecundity selection, variation in SSD was not dependent on either the allometric scaling of reproductive-energy output or fecundity in female fish. Instead, systematic patterns based on habitat and life history characteristics associated with varying degrees of male-male competition and paternal care, strongly suggest that adaptive variation in SSD is driven by the intensity of sexual selection for increased male size.</p>
Data from: Morphological and functional implications of sexual size dimorphism in the Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica
Sexual dimorphism (SD) is a common trait in animals, appearing due to sexual selection, fecundity selection or natural selection promoting sexual niche segregation. To evaluate the relative contribution of these mechanisms in shaping phenotypic patterns, we explored morphological and functional SD in the Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica (Linnaeus, 1758). This species is particularly interesting because the sex of individuals is determined by the incubation temperature of the eggs, which may pose constraints on the expression of SD. Our results indicate the existence of marked SD in T. mauritanica. Males were overall larger than females, and were able to bite harder, but we found no differences between the sexes in climbing capacities. When differences in body size were taken into account, SD became less pronounced, appearing only in relative head dimensions, relative hind limb length and bite force. Different body parts varied under the same static allometric slopes in both sexes, a pattern not very usual in lizards. Put together, our results suggest constraints in the expression of SD in the Moorish gecko, possibly due to either not particularly intense sexual selection, to counter-balancing selection in similar traits in both sexes, or to the mode of sexual determination.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.