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128 results for “skew”
Reproductive skew in quasi-social parasitoids
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Data from: Incomplete control and concessions explain mating skew in male chimpanzees
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Female fertile phase synchrony, and male mating and reproductive skew, in the crested macaque
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Age- and sex-dependent variation in relatedness corresponds to reproductive skew, territory inheritance and workload in cooperatively breeding cichlids
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Extreme reproductive skew at the dawn of sociality is consistent with inclusive fitness theory but problematic for routes to eusociality
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Data from: Evolution of quantitative traits under a migration-selection balance: when does skew matter?
Quantitative-genetic models of differentiation under migration-selection balance often rely on the assumption of normally distributed genotypic and phenotypic values. When a population is subdivided into demes with selection toward different local optima, migration between demes may result in asymmetric, or skewed, local distributions. Using a simplified two-habitat model, we derive formulas without a priori assuming a Gaussian distribution of genotypic values, and we find expressions that naturally incorporate higher moments, such as skew. These formulas yield predictions of the expected divergence under migration-selection balance that are more accurate than models assuming Gaussian distributions, which illustrates the importance of incorporating these higher moments to assess the response to selection in heterogeneous environments. We further show with simulations that traits with loci of large effect display the largest skew in their distribution at migration-selection balance.
Data from: Selection on skewed characters and the paradox of stasis
Observed phenotypic responses to selection in the wild often differ from predictions based on measurements of selection and genetic variance. An overlooked hypothesis to explain this paradox of stasis is that a skewed phenotypic distribution affects natural selection and evolution. We show through mathematical modelling that, when a trait selected for an optimum phenotype has a skewed distribution, directional selection is detected even at evolutionary equilibrium, where it causes no change in the mean phenotype. When environmental effects are skewed, Lande and Arnold's (1983) directional gradient is in the direction opposite to the skew. In contrast, skewed breeding values can displace the mean phenotype from the optimum, causing directional selection in the direction of the skew. These effects can be partitioned out using alternative selection estimates based on average derivatives of individual relative fitness, or additive genetic covariances between relative fitness and trait (Robertson-Price identity). We assess the validity of these predictions using simulations of selection estimation under moderate samples size. Ecologically relevant traits may commonly have skewed distributions, as we here exemplify with avian laying date – repeatedly described as more evolutionarily stable than expected –, so this skewness should be accounted for when investigating evolutionary dynamics in the wild.
Data from: Using social parasitism to test reproductive skew models in a primitively eusocial wasp
Remarkable variation exists in the distribution of reproduction (skew) among members of cooperatively breeding groups, both within and between species. Reproductive skew theory has provided an important framework for understanding this variation. In the primitively eusocial Hymenoptera, two models have been routinely tested: concessions models, which assume complete control of reproduction by a dominant individual, and tug-of-war models, which assume on-going competition among group members over reproduction. Current data provide little support for either model, but uncertainty about the ability of individuals to detect genetic relatedness and difficulties in identifying traits conferring competitive ability mean that the relative importance of concessions versus tug-of-war remains unresolved. Here, we suggest that the use of social parasitism to generate meaningful variation in key social variables represents a valuable opportunity to explore the mechanisms underpinning reproductive skew within the social Hymenoptera. We present a direct test of concessions and tug-of-war models in the paper wasp Polistes dominulus by exploiting pronounced changes in relatedness and power structures that occur following replacement of the dominant by a congeneric social parasite. Comparisons of skew in parasitized and unparasitized colonies are consistent with a tug-of-war over reproduction within P. dominulus groups, but provide no evidence for reproductive concessions.
Data from: Patterns of paternity skew among polyandrous social insects: What can they tell us about the potential for sexual selection?
Monogamy results in high genetic relatedness among offspring and thus it is generally assumed to be favoured by kin selection. Female multiple mating (polyandry) has nevertheless evolved several times in the social Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps), and a substantial amount of work has been conducted to understand its costs and benefits. Relatedness and inclusive fitness benefits are, however, not only influenced by queen mating frequency but also by paternity skew, which is a quantitative measure of paternity biases among the offspring of polyandrous females. We performed a large scale phylogenetic analysis of paternity skew across polyandrous social Hymenoptera. We found a general and significant negative association between paternity frequency and paternity skew. High paternity skew, which increases relatedness amongst colony members and thus maximizes inclusive fitness gains, characterized species with low paternity frequency. However, species with highly polyandrous queens had low paternity skew, with paternity equalized amongst potential sires. Equal paternity shares among fathers are expected to maximize fitness benefits derived from genetic diversity among offspring. We discuss the potential for post-copulatory sexual selection to influence patterns of paternity in social insects, and suggest that sexual selection may have played a key, yet overlooked role in social evolution.
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Data from: Sex differences in the drivers of reproductive skew in a cooperative breeder
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Data from: Using social parasitism to test reproductive skew models in a primitively eusocial wasp
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Data from: Multiple mating and reproductive skew in parental and introgressed females of the live-bearing fish Xiphophorus birchmanni
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Data from: Patterns of paternity skew among polyandrous social insects: What can they tell us about the potential for sexual selection?
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Data from: Sacrificial males: the potential role of copulation and predation in contributing to copepod sex-skewed ratios
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Data from: Evolution of quantitative traits under a migration-selection balance: when does skew matter?
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Data from: Selection on skewed characters and the paradox of stasis
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Optimized CRISPR guide RNA library cloning reduces skew and enables more compact genetic screens
GEO Series GSE222531. Homo sapiens; synthetic construct. 52 samples. Type: Other.
STING Mediates Increased Self-Renewal and Lineage Skewing in DNMT3A-Mutated Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
GEO Series GSE278208. Mus musculus. 40 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Autoantibodies and nucleic acids skew complement consumption in systemic lupus erythematosus [IgG]
GEO Series GSE69370. Capra hircus; Homo sapiens; Bos taurus. 425 samples. Type: Protein profiling by protein array.
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