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45 results for “snowpack”
SNOWPACK simulations forced by MERRA-2 for Antarctic Ice Shelves
<p>This repository contains the SNOWPACK simulations used in the manuscript:<br> Banwell, A., Wever, N., Dunmire, D. and Picard, G. (2023): <em>Quantifying Antarctic-wide ice-shelf surface melt volume using microwave and firn model data: 1980 to 2021.</em> Geophys. Res. Lett. (accepted).</p> <p>For each MERRA-2 grid point that is on an ice shelf, the zip file of the corresponding simulation is named: <latitude>_<longitude>_ICESHELVES.zip</p> <p>Each zip file then contains the following files:</p> <ul> <li><code>output/-72.000_69.375_ICESHELVES.ini</code>: This file contains the model settings as used for the simulation</li> <li><code>output/-72.000_69.375_ICESHELVES.pro</code>: This file contains the detailed, layered SNOWPACK output, with for each layer, for example, temperature, density, liquid water content, grain size, etc. Can be visualized using <a href="https://niviz.org">niViz</a>.</li> <li><code>output/-72.000_69.375_ICESHELVES.smet</code>: This file contains the SNOWPACK time series output, like surface sublimation, snow surface temperature, latent heat flux, etc. Can be visualized using <a href="https://niviz.org">niViz</a>.</li> <li><code>output/-72.000_69.375_ICESHELVES.sno</code>: This file contains the SNOWPACK model state at the end of the simulation.</li> <li><code>output/-72.000_69.375_ICESHELVES.snobackup</code>: This file contains the SNOWPACK model state from the last backup point during the simulation.</li> <li><code>output/-72.000_69.375_ICESHELVES.haz</code>: This file contains very specific SNOWPACK model output and was ignored in the study associated with this dataset.</li> <li><code>output/-72.000_69.375_ICESHELVES.hazbackup</code>: This file contains very specific SNOWPACK model output from the last backup point during the simulation and was ignored in the study associated with this dataset.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Also available are statistics derived from the SNOWPACK model output using the code published at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7957639">doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7957639</a> (<a href="https://github.com/nwever/SNOWPACK_iceshelves_melt">GitHub repository</a>):</p> <p> </p> <p><code>statistics.zip</code><br> ==========</p> <p>Contains statistics calculated from the SNOWPACK output. Statistics per region are stored in the folders <code>stats622</code> (for yearly statistics) and <code>stats_per_day622</code> (for daily statistics). Statistics per ice shelf are stored in the folders <code>stats_iceshelves622</code> (for yearly statistics) and <code>stats_iceshelves_per_day622</code> (for daily statistics). For each ice shelf and region, the following files are available:</p> <ul> <li>melt_R<em>X</em>.txt and melt_S<em>X</em>.txt: sum of melt amount (kg/m2) for region R<em>X</em> or ice shelf S<em>X</em>, respectively.</li> <li>meltdays_<em>A</em>mm_R<em>X</em>.txt and meltdays_<em>A</em>mm_S<em>X</em>.txt: number of days exceeding <em>A</em> mm of melt for region R<em>X</em> or ice shelf S<em>X</em>, respectively.</li> <li>mswater_<em>A</em>mm_R<em>X</em>.txt and mswater_<em>A</em>mm_S<em>X</em>.txt: number of days with total firn column water content exceeding <em>A</em> kg/m2 for region R<em>X</em> or ice shelf S<em>X</em>, respectively.</li> <li>mswater<em>A</em>_<em>B</em>_<em>C</em>mm_R<em>X</em>.txt and mswater<em>A</em>_<em>B</em>_<em>C</em>mm_S<em>X</em>.txt: number of days with more than <em>C</em> kg/m2 amount of liquid water in the firn between <em>A</em> and <em>B</em> meters below the surface for region R<em>X</em> or ice shelf S<em>X</em>, respectively.</li> </ul> <p>Each of the files report the year, respectively the date, in the first column, followed by the statistics for each grid point in the region/ice shelf, followed by the mean and standard deviation over all grid points in the respective region/ice shelf listed in the preceding columns. The first line is a header.</p> <p>To find out the sequence by which MERRA-2 points appear in the output columns, please refer to the list in the file <code>list_points.txt</code>. This list is constructed as follows. First there is a header indicating that what follows are regions. Then, each line contains a comma-delimited list of the region number, latitude, and longitude, respectively. The first line for a region is reported in the column with header <code>1</code> in the statistics file, the second line in the column with header <code>2</code>, and so on. After all regions are listed, there is again a header line denoting that what follows are the ice shelves. Similar to the section for the regions, each following line contains a comma-delimited list of the ice shelf number, latitude, and longitude, respectively. The numbering of regions and ice shelves is listed in the tables below.</p> <p> </p> <p><code>forcingstatistics.zip</code><br> ===============</p> <p>Contains monthly statistics of the forcing variables TA (air temperature, K), QI (specific humidity, -), ILWR (incoming longwave radiation W/m2), ISWR (incoming shortwave radiation, W/m2), PSUM (precipitation, kg/m2/h), and VW (wind speed, m/s). The statistics for each region and ice shelf are stored in <code>monthlystats</code> and <code>monthlystats_iceshelves</code>, respectively. Each file name contains the forcing variable and the region/ice shelf number. The numbering of regions and ice shelves can be found in the tables below. Each file then contains the month (expressed as YYYYMM), followed by means of the specific variable for each MERRA-2 grid point in the region/ice shelves (in the same sequence as for the statistics files discussed above), followed by the mean and standard deviation over all MERRA-2 grid points listed in the preceding columns.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <table> <caption>Regions</caption> <tbody> <tr> <td>Number</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>R1</td> <td>Amery</td> </tr> <tr> <td>R2</td> <td>Amundsen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>R3</td> <td>Dronning</td> </tr> <tr> <td>R4</td> <td>Peninsula</td> </tr> <tr> <td>R5</td> <td>Ronne</td> </tr> <tr> <td>R6</td> <td>Ross</td> </tr> <tr> <td>R7</td> <td>Victoria</td> </tr> <tr> <td>R8</td> <td>Wilkes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption> <p> </p> <p>Ice shelves</p> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td>S115</td> <td>Amery</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S102</td> <td>West</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S104</td> <td>Publications</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S53</td> <td>Venable</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S110</td> <td>Abbot</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S54</td> <td>Cosgrove</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S55</td> <td>PIG</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S56</td> <td>Thwaites</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S57</td> <td>Crosson</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S58</td> <td>Dotson</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S60</td> <td>Getz</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S64</td> <td>Nickerson</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S65</td> <td>Sulzberger</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S36</td> <td>Brunt</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S37</td> <td>Riiser-Larsen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S38</td> <td>Quar</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S39</td> <td>Ekstrom</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S124</td> <td>Atka</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S125</td> <td>Jelbaert</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S121</td> <td>Fimbil</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S123</td> <td>Vigrid</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S122</td> <td>Nivlisen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S120</td> <td>Lazarez</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S119</td> <td>Borchgrevink</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S118</td> <td>Baudouin</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S158</td> <td>Prince Herald</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S51</td> <td>Scar Inlet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S8</td> <td>Larsen C</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S6</td> <td>Larsen D</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S7</td> <td>Larsen E</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S45</td> <td>N GVIIS</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S44</td> <td>S GVIIS</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S46</td> <td>Bach</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S52</td> <td>Stange</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S50</td> <td>Wilkins</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S34</td> <td>Ronne</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S35</td> <td>Filchner</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S70</td> <td>Ross West</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S71</td> <td>Ross East</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S91</td> <td>Mertz</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S162</td> <td>Ninnis</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S90</td> <td>Cook</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S86</td> <td>Rennick</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S83</td> <td>Mariner</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S73</td> <td>Drygalski</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S74</td> <td>Nansen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S114</td> <td>Dibble</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S100</td> <td>Shackleton</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S24</td> <td>Tracy Tremenchus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S99</td> <td>Conger Glenzer</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S159</td> <td>Vincennes Bay</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S98</td> <td>Totten</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S157</td> <td>Moscow uni</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S156</td> <td>Holmes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>
ABoVE: Passive Microwave-derived Annual Snowpack Main Melt Onset Date Maps, 1988-2023
This dataset provides the annual date of snowpack seasonal beginning melt (i.e., main melt onset date, MMOD) across northwest Canada, Alaska, US, and parts of far eastern Russia at 6.25-km resolution for the period 1988-2023. MMOD was derived from the daily 19V (K-band) and 37V (Ka-band) GHz bands from the Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Calibrated Enhanced-Resolution Passive Microwave (PMW) EASE-Grid Brightness Temperature (Tb) Earth System Data Record (ESDR). The PMW MMOD dataset was validated using the transition date from Freeze Degree Days (FDD) to Thaw Degree Days (TDD) from in situ air temperature observations from 31 SNOw TELemetry network (SNOTEL) stations, and compared to an established Freeze-Thaw ESDR (FT-ESDR) spring onset date record. The resulting MMOD data record is suitable for documenting the spatial-temporal impacts of MMOD variability in ecosystem services, wildlife movements, and hydrologic processes within the ABoVE (Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment) domain. The data from 1988-2016 included a coastal mask removing coastal pixels due to potential water contamination from coarse brightness temperature observations (Dersken et al., 2012). No coastal mask is used for the 2017-2023 data. The full data are included, and data users should be aware that values adjacent to large water bodies can be adversely affected.
ABoVE: Passive Microwave-derived Annual Snowpack Main Melt Onset Date Maps, 1988-2018
This dataset provides the annual date of snowpack seasonal beginning melt (i.e., main melt onset date, MMOD) across northwest Canada; Alaska, U.S.; and parts of far eastern Russia at 6.25 km resolution for the period 1988-2018. MMOD was derived from the daily 19V (K-band) and 37V (Ka-band) GHz bands from the Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Calibrated Enhanced-Resolution Passive Microwave (PMW) EASE-Grid Brightness Temperature (Tb) Earth System Data Record (ESDR). The PMW MMOD dataset was validated using the transition date from Freeze Degree Days (FDD) to Thaw Degree Days (TDD) from in situ air temperature observations from 31 SNOw TELemetry network (SNOTEL) observations, and compared to the established Freeze-Thaw ESDR (FT-ESDR) spring onset date. The resulting MMOD data record is suitable for documenting the spatial-temporal impacts of MMOD variability in ecosystem services, wildlife movements, and hydrologic processes across the ABoVE domain. The data from 1988-2016 included a coastal mask removing coastal pixels due to potential water contamination from coarse brightness temperature observations (Dersken et al., 2012). There is not a coastal mask for the 2017-2018 data. The full data are included, and data users should be aware that coastal values can be adversely affected by adjacent water bodies.
SnowEx17 GPR and Lidar-Derived Snowpack Relative Permittivities and Densities V001
This data set contains snowpack relative permittivities and densities derived from Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys and airborne lidar observations of snow depths. The results of the original GPR surveys are published in the <a href="https://doi.org/10.5067/G21LGCNLFSC5">SnowEx17 Ground Penetrating Radar, Version 2</a> data set, while the lidar snow depths were sourced from <a href="https://doi.org/10.5067/KIE9QNVG7HP0"> ASO L4 Lidar Snow Depth 3m UTM Grid, Version 1</a>. Data are available between 08 Feb 2017 to 25 Feb 2017 from Grand Mesa, a snow-covered, forested area about 40 miles east of Grand Junction. Parameters include two-way travel (TWT) time, lidar-measured snow depth, calculated snow water equivalent (SWE), calculated snow density, and calculated relative permittivity.
SnowEx20-21 Cameron Pass Derived Snowpack Relative Permittivities and Densities from Ground Penetrating Radar V001
This data set contains the results of ground-penetrating radar surveys conducted at Cameron Pass, Colorado during the SnowEx20 campaign. Data include two-way travel time, lidar-measured snow depth, derived snow water equivalent, derived snow density, and derived relative permittivity. Ground-penetrating radar two-way travel times were sourced from two previously published data sets: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5067/U4Q3X27BMRR4">SnowEx20 Cameron Pass Ground Penetrating Radar, Version 1</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.5067/SRWGLYCB6ZC4">SnowEx21 Cameron Pass Ground Penetrating Radar, Version 1</a>. The new data presented here represents a recalculation of the snow water equivalent (SWE), snow density, and relative permittivity using terrestrial lidar scan (TLS) data.
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