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FIG. 7 in Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978

FIG. 7. — Outlines of orifice, apertural bar, avicularium and portion of costate shield and gymnocyst: A, Collarina balzaci (Audouin, 1826); B, C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978, C, C. denticulata Harmelin, n. sp. Scale bar: 100 µm (orifices), 50 µm (avicularia).

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FIG. 12 in Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978

FIG. 12. — Collarina macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp.: A, B, colony edge, general view and detail with ovicelled and non-ovicelled zooids; C, oblique view: structure of costate shield, apertural bar, paired and apical avicularia; D, G, non-ovicelled zooids with typical traits: concave orifice poster, avicularia directed disto-laterally, costate shield with lower central part and digitate margin, large pelmata also present on the gymnocyst; E, Collarina balzaci (Audouin, 1826): Harmelin (1978a, fig. 8), Azores, Faial; F, distal part of non-ovicelled zooid with typical orifice, apertural bar with large and small pseudopores, and 3 spines; H, specimen from a continental area. Origin: A, B, NHMUK 1899.7.1.2105, Madeira, J.Y. Johnson leg.; C, NHMUK 1911.10.1.705, Madeira; D, F, G, MNHN-IB-2014-1927, Madeira, Baixo Is.; H, Galicia, Sisargas Is. Scale bars: A, 400 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, H 100 µm; F, G, 50 µm.

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FIG. 15 in Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978

FIG. 15. — Types of ooecia in Collarina Jullien, 1886 species: A-C, kenozooidal ooecia with and without distal avicularium (A, C. speluncola Harmelin, n. sp; B, C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978; C, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp.); D, C. denticulata Harmelin, n. sp., colony portion with two kenozooidal ooecia (left) and three ooecia incorporated in distal autozooid (right); E, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp., 2 ovicelled zooids with kenozooidal ooecium (left) vs ooecium incorporated in distal autozooid (right). Origin: A, Marseille, Conger Cave; B, Azores, Saô Miguel, Vila Franca Is.; C, E, Madeira, NHMUK 1911.10.1.705; D, Catalonia, Medes Is. Scale bars: A-C, E 100 µm, D, 200 µm.

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Figure 4 in Winter species composition, diversity and abundance of macrozoobenthos in Kuwait's waters, Arabian Gulf

Figure 4. Percentage composition of the abundance of the main taxonomic groups in the sublittoral zone of the three sampled areas of Kuwait Bay, Bubiyan Island and Failaka Island.

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Figure 7 in Winter species composition, diversity and abundance of macrozoobenthos in Kuwait's waters, Arabian Gulf

Figure 7. The variation in a Pielou index of evenness (J`) and b Simpson index of dominance (λ`) for the three sampled areas of Failaka, Kuwait Bay and Bubiyan.

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Figure 3 in Winter species composition, diversity and abundance of macrozoobenthos in Kuwait's waters, Arabian Gulf

Figure 3. The abundance (ind/m2) of different taxonomic groups of macrozoobenthos in the sublittoral zone: a Average distribution and b Distribution at station 12 in Khor Al-Sabiyah.

Fig. 6 in Community Structure and Undescribed Species Diversity in Non-Pollinating Fig Wasps Associated with the Strangler Fig Ficus petiolaris

Fig. 6. Phenotypic variation among the four species represented by the first two coordinate axes of a principal component analysis.Twelve morphological characters were analyzed (Table 3). A Mantel test of the multivariate morphological differences among species was highly significant (P <0.0001). In addition, LO1 shows further differentiation based on geography, with distinct clusters recovered for both Baja and Sonora samples.

Fig. 5. Bayesian skyline plots for three Idarnes species. X in Community Structure and Undescribed Species Diversity in Non-Pollinating Fig Wasps Associated with the Strangler Fig Ficus petiolaris

Fig. 5. Bayesian skyline plots for three Idarnes species. X-axes are in units of mutations per site, while y-axes are in units of effective population size scaled by mutation rate. LO1 shows sharp growth in population size, whereas SO1 and SO2 show a similar pattern of consistent population size through time with minimal growth. LO2 was not included as it contains two cryptic species reducing sample sizes too low for analysis.

Fig. 2. A in Community Structure and Undescribed Species Diversity in Non-Pollinating Fig Wasps Associated with the Strangler Fig Ficus petiolaris

Fig. 2. A habitus drawing of an Idarnes wasp. The drawing represents a wasp from the LO1 species associated with host Ficus petiolaris. Illustrated are the 12 morphological characters measured for analysis.The characters are as follows: 1) presence of antennal setulae, 2) number of antennal segments, 3) scape length, 4) scape color (amber vs dark), 5) head width, 6) inter-antennal distance, 7) facial width, 8) collar length, 9) stigmal vein length, 10) femur color (amber vs dark), 11) body length, and 12) ovipositor length.

Fig. 3 in Community Structure and Undescribed Species Diversity in Non-Pollinating Fig Wasps Associated with the Strangler Fig Ficus petiolaris

Fig. 3. Maximum-clade credibility tree for Idarnes mtDNA sequences from wasps associated with Ficus petiolaris. Four distinct clades (LO1, SO1, LO2, SO2) each with a posterior probability of 1.0 were recovered.There is little information in the data as to how these four clades are related. Posterior probabilities ≥0.50 are presented.Taxon names are composed of clade name, locality number, and internal lab numbers. In addition, LO1 sequences show phylogeographic structure, with sequences primarily clustering based on if sampled from Baja California (BC) or Sonora (S). One sequence (denoted with black box) is an exception, where the wasp was sampled from Sonora (locale 12; see Fig. 1) yet clusters with Baja California sequences.

Fig. 4 in Silk Spinning Behavior Varies from Species-Specific to Individualistic in Embioptera: Do Environmental Correlates Account for this Diversity?

Fig. 4. Computation of similarity between two sequences. For two individuals of Aposthonia borneensis (Hagen) (Oligotomidae), the first 500 steps of their spin sequences are shown (A and B).The red bar underlining a short sequence indicates one 15-step subsequence that is highly similar between these two individuals. For all possible pairs of 15 step subsequences, the heatmap displays the sequence similarity (C), with red areas indicating regions of the spin sequence that are highly similar.The profiles on the margins of the heat map indicate the marginal maxima—that is, for each 15-step subsequence, what is the similarity to the most similar subsequence in the other individual. Portions of the sequence with similarities about 12 were deemed sufficiently similar to the other sequence (vertical or horizontal lines), amounting to about 5% of individual 1's sequence and 10% of individual 2's sequence.

Fig. 3 in Silk Spinning Behavior Varies from Species-Specific to Individualistic in Embioptera: Do Environmental Correlates Account for this Diversity?

Fig. 3. Kinematic diagrams displaying relative proportion of spin-steps in each position as relative size of the circles. Saturated black color of the body represents dorsal spinning; dark gray represents kinematics when the embiopteran faces the framework silk and spins with her ventral surface facing the camera and the emerging silk structure. Spinning was recorded during hour-long filming sessions in the laboratory in an apparatus as shown in Supp Fig. 1 [online only]. (A) Notoligotoma hardyi average spin dynamics, (B) Haploembia tarsalis average spin dynamics, (C) Diagram shows the positions of the different possible spinsteps whereby the words are placed in the position of the front foot as the embiopteran steps around her body to release silk with each foot fall.The same steps are taken on the left as well during spinning. See Supp Video 2 [online only] for examples of spinning behavior exhibited by individual females.

Fig. 5 in Silk Spinning Behavior Varies from Species-Specific to Individualistic in Embioptera: Do Environmental Correlates Account for this Diversity?

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic relationships and sequence similarities (n = 15) for all individuals in this study. (A) Sequence similarities are depicted as a heat map, with the diagonal representing self-similarities.The small outlined boxes along the diagonal indicate all intraspecific comparisons, and the mean intraspecific similarity for each species is depicted above the heat map. For comparison, the inset graph, (B) shows the similarity among pairs of species for a trait that is evolving according to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model.The large clade constituting the top 19 species shows high similarity among species (mostly dark colors in the upper left), but low similarity to the two outgroups to this clade (bottom six species, shows as lighter gray colors).The phylogenetic tree is based on Miller et al. 2012.

Fig. 7 in Silk Spinning Behavior Varies from Species-Specific to Individualistic in Embioptera: Do Environmental Correlates Account for this Diversity?

Fig. 7. Predictors of intraspecific similarity scores. The three panels show the partial residual plots for the three variables selected in the final model for a subsequence length of 15. Intraspecific similarity as a function of: (A) mean annual temperature, (B) temperature seasonality, and (C) silk gallery structure. Two-letter codes indicate the species as in Fig. 6.

Fig. 6 in A new minute species of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Anura: Craugastoridae) with a large head from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in central Peru, with comments on the phylogenetic diversity of Pristimantis occurring in the Cordillera Yanachaga

Fig. 6. Paratypes of Pristimantis boucephalus sp. nov. in dorsal (upper row) and ventral (lower row) views. From left to right: ♀ (MUSM 24479), ♂ (MUSM 24477), ♂ (MUSM 24478), juvenile (MUSM 24474). Photos by E. Lehr.

Fig. 7 in A new minute species of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Anura: Craugastoridae) with a large head from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in central Peru, with comments on the phylogenetic diversity of Pristimantis occurring in the Cordillera Yanachaga

Fig. 7. Type locality of Pristimantis boucephalus sp. nov. in the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park. Photo by E. Lehr.

Fig. 4 in A new minute species of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Anura: Craugastoridae) with a large head from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in central Peru, with comments on the phylogenetic diversity of Pristimantis occurring in the Cordillera Yanachaga

Fig. 4. Preserved holotype (MUSM 31102, SVL 14.1 mm) of Pristimantis boucephalus sp. nov. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. Photos by E. Lehr.

Fig. 5 in A new minute species of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Anura: Craugastoridae) with a large head from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in central Peru, with comments on the phylogenetic diversity of Pristimantis occurring in the Cordillera Yanachaga

Fig. 5. Pristimantis boucephalus sp. nov., holotype (MUSM 31102). A. Dorsal view of head. B. Lateral view of head. C. Ventral view of hand. D. Ventral view of foot. Drawings by J. Moravec.

Fig. 3 in A new minute species of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Anura: Craugastoridae) with a large head from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in central Peru, with comments on the phylogenetic diversity of Pristimantis occurring in the Cordillera Yanachaga

Fig. 3. Live holotype (MUSM 31102, SVL 14.1 mm) of Pristimantis boucephalus sp. nov. A. Dorsal view. B. Dorsolateral view. C. Ventral view. Photos by E. Lehr.