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Fig. 10 in Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships of Dasyloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with description of a new species
Fig. 10. Lateral view of suspensorium of: a. Dasyloricaria paucisquama, CP-UCO 143; b. Spatuloricaria sp., MCP 15806; c. Pseudohemiodon sp., MCP 36577. HYO: hyomandibula; LAP-MCRT: levator arcus palatini muscle crest; PRE-OP: preopercle; Q: quadrate; MET: metapterygoid; SYM-CAR: symplectic cartilage. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Data from: A phylogenomic approach to clarifying the relationship of Mesodinium within the Ciliophora: a case study in the complexity of mixed-species transcriptome analyses
<p>Recent high-throughput sequencing endeavors have yielded multi-gene/protein phylogenies that confidently resolve several inter- and intra-class relationships within the phylum Ciliophora. We leverage the massive sequencing efforts from the Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project, other SRA submissions, and available genome data with our own sequencing efforts to determine the phylogenetic position of <i>Mesodinium</i> and to generate the most taxonomically-rich phylogenomic ciliate tree to date. Regardless of the data mining strategy, the multi-protein dataset, or the molecular models of evolution employed, we consistently recovered the same well-supported relationships among ciliate classes, confirming many of the higher-level relationships previously identified. <i>Mesodinium</i> always formed a monophyletic group with members of the Litostomatea, with mixotrophic species of <i>Mesodinium</i> – <i>M. rubrum</i>, <i>M. major</i>, and <i>M. chamaeleon</i> - being more closely related to each other than to the heterotrophic member, <i>M. pulex</i>. The well-supported position of <i>Mesodinium</i> as sister to other litostomes contrasts with previous molecular analyses including those from phylogenomic studies that exploited the same transcriptomic databases. These topological discrepancies illustrate the need for caution when mining mixed-species transcriptomes and indicate that identifying ciliate sequences among prey contamination - particularly for <i>Mesodinium</i> species where expression from stolen prey nuclei appears to dominate – requires thorough and iterative vetting with phylogenies that incorporate sequences from a large outgroup of prey.</p>
Data from: A phylogenomic approach to clarifying the relationship of Mesodinium within the Ciliophora: a case study in the complexity of mixed-species transcriptome analyses
<p>Recent high-throughput sequencing endeavors have yielded multi-gene/protein phylogenies that confidently resolve several inter- and intra-class relationships within the phylum Ciliophora. We leverage the massive sequencing efforts from the Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project, other SRA submissions, and available genome data with our own sequencing efforts to determine the phylogenetic position of <i>Mesodinium</i> and to generate the most taxonomically-rich phylogenomic ciliate tree to date. Regardless of the data mining strategy, the multi-protein dataset, or the molecular models of evolution employed, we consistently recovered the same well-supported relationships among ciliate classes, confirming many of the higher-level relationships previously identified. <i>Mesodinium</i> always formed a monophyletic group with members of the Litostomatea, with mixotrophic species of <i>Mesodinium</i> – <i>M. rubrum</i>, <i>M. major</i>, and <i>M. chamaeleon</i> - being more closely related to each other than to the heterotrophic member, <i>M. pulex</i>. The well-supported position of <i>Mesodinium</i> as sister to other litostomes contrasts with previous molecular analyses including those from phylogenomic studies that exploited the same transcriptomic databases. These topological discrepancies illustrate the need for caution when mining mixed-species transcriptomes and indicate that identifying ciliate sequences among prey contamination - particularly for <i>Mesodinium</i> species where expression from stolen prey nuclei appears to dominate – requires thorough and iterative vetting with phylogenies that incorporate sequences from a large outgroup of prey.</p>
Figs. 19-22. 19, 20. Cybaeodes carusoi, new species. 21, 22. C. alicatai, new species. 19. Left male palp, ventral view. 20. Same, retrolateral view. 21. Epigynum, ventral view. 22 in On The Relationships of the Spider Genus Cybaeodes (Araneae, Dionycha)
Figs. 19-22. 19, 20. Cybaeodes carusoi, new species. 21, 22. C. alicatai, new species. 19. Left male palp, ventral view. 20. Same, retrolateral view. 21. Epigynum, ventral view. 22. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 15-18. Cybaeodes avolensis, new species. 15. Left male palp, ventral view. 16. Same, retrolateral view. 17. Epigynum, ventral view. 18 in On The Relationships of the Spider Genus Cybaeodes (Araneae, Dionycha)
Figs. 15-18. Cybaeodes avolensis, new species. 15. Left male palp, ventral view. 16. Same, retrolateral view. 17. Epigynum, ventral view. 18. Same, dorsal view.
FIGURES 3 4. a in A new species of Stegopterna Enderlein, and its relationship to the allotriploid species St. mutata (Malloch, 1914) (Diptera: Simuliidae)
FIGURES 3 4. a, Chromosome photomicrographs of Stegopterna diplomutata; b, diagrams showing pairing of homologues. Fig. 3, IS, Short arm of Chromosome I showing a heterozygote for the IS 1 floating inversion; Fig. 4, IL, Long arm of Chromosome I showing a double heterozygote for the IL 5 and IL 6 floating inversions.
FIGURES 15 – 18. D in Duocrassana longula, new genus and species of leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from southern Mexico and its relationship to other genera in Athysanini
FIGURES 15 – 18. D. longula gen. and sp. nov. 15. Male, dorsal view; 16. Female, dorsal habitus; 17 a. Female, face details (in INHS); 17 b. Female, face details (in CZUG); 18. Female, lateral habitus. Scale bar 1 mm.
Climate-associated variation in the drivers of benthic macroinvertebrate species-area relationships across shallow freshwater lakes
<p><span>The island species-area relationship (ISAR) describes how species richness increases with increasing area of a given island or island-like habitat, such as freshwater lakes. </span><span>While the ISAR is one of the most common phenomena observed in ecology, there is variation in both the form of the relationship and its underlying mechanisms.</span></p> <p><span>We compiled a global dataset of benthic macroinvertebrates from 524 shallow freshwater lakes, ranging from 1 to 293300 ha in area. We used individual-based rarefaction to determine the degree to which ISAR was influenced by mechanisms other than passive sampling (larger islands passively sample more individuals from the regional pool and, therefore, have more species than smaller islands), which would bias results away from expected relationships between rarefied species richness (and other measures that capture relative abundances) and lake area. We also examined how climate may alter the shape of the ISARs. </span></p> <p><span>We found that both rarefied species richness (the number of species standardized by area or number of individuals) and a measure of evenness emphasizing common species exhibit non-significant relationships with lake area, suggesting that the expected ISARs in these lakes most likely result from passive sampling. </span><span>While there was considerable variation among ISARs across the investigated lakes, we found an overall positive rarefied ISAR for lakes in warm (i.e., tropical/subtropical) regions (n = 195), and in contrast, an overall negative rarefied ISAR in cool (i.e., north temperate) lakes (n = 329). This suggested that mechanisms beyond passive sampling (e.g., colonization-extinction dynamics and/or heterogeneity) were more likely to operate in warm lakes. One possible reason for this difference is that the area-dependent intensity of fish predation, which can lead to flatter ISARs, is weaker in warmer relative to cooler lakes.</span></p> <p><span>Our study illustrates the importance of understanding both the pattern and potential processes underlying the ISARs of freshwater lakes in different climatic regions. Further, it provides a baseline for understanding how further changes to the ecosystem (i.e., in lake area or climate) might influence biodiversity patterns. </span></p>
Fig. 3 in A New Species Of The Unicornfish Genus Naso (Teleostei: Acanthuridae) From Taiwan, With Comments On Its Phylogenetic Relationship
Fig. 3. Scanning microscopy image of the mesial face of right sagittal otolith taken from Naso tergus, NMMB-P10816, adult male, 342 mm SL. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Fig. 1 in A New Species Of The Unicornfish Genus Naso (Teleostei: Acanthuridae) From Taiwan, With Comments On Its Phylogenetic Relationship
Fig. 1. Naso tergus, new species: a, Holotype, NMMB-P10808, adult male, 335 mm SL; b, Paratype, NMMB-P10813, adult female, 320 mm SL.
Fig. 4 in A New Species Of The Unicornfish Genus Naso (Teleostei: Acanthuridae) From Taiwan, With Comments On Its Phylogenetic Relationship
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic trees of Naso species using combined DNA data (ETS2, 16S and Cyt b): a, Topology by ML analysis and bootstrap values at the branches; b, Topology by Bayesian analyses and posterior probabilities at the branches. Numbers refer to the sub-clades: 1 for the N. annulatus sub-clade, 2 for the N. brevirostris sub-clade, 3 for the N. elegans sub-clade, 4 for the N. maculatus sub-clade, and 5 for the N. tergus sub-clade. Black and open squares indicate the foraging modes.
Fig. 6 in The Taxonomy And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Species In The Bactrocera Musae Complex Of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) In Papua New Guinea
Fig. 6. Neighbour joining tree showing relationships between CO1 haplotypes from species in the Bactrocera musae complex. Values at nodes are for 1000 bootstrap replicates of the maximum likelihood calculations using the Kimura two-parameter model of sequence evolution (left) and Bayesian posterior probability (right). Clade A = B. musae, Clade B = B. rufivitta, Clade C = B. contermina. Note: the numbers at the branch tips represent the field collection codes given to individual specimens.
Fig. 7 in The Taxonomy And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Species In The Bactrocera Musae Complex Of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) In Papua New Guinea
Fig. 7. Diagram showing clustering of individuals at (A) the highest hierarchical level of structuring in the Bactrocera musae complex using STRUCTURE, and (B) the sub-group structuring into two further clusters of the individuals from the red cluster in A. Vertical bars represent individuals and colours denote the proportion of ancestry from each cluster based on eight microsatellite loci. Note at the highest level (A), individuals are clearly assigned to either the B. musae or the 'others' cluster. At the next level (B), individuals from the 'others' cluster are assigned to either the B. rufivitta cluster (red) or the B. contermina cluster (green). Note: The numbers below the vertical bars represent the field collection codes given to individual specimens.
Figures 31–49 in Taxonomic relationships between Pachycerus and Rhabdorrhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae), with descriptions of two new species of Rhabdorrhynchus from the Arabian Peninsula
Figures 31–49. Rhabdorrhynchus menetriesi, Anatolia, Kaptanmaras¸, ♂. Hind tarsus (33). Hind wing (36). Scape and first segments of antenna (37). Segment 7 of antenna and club (42). Blade of proventriculus (47). Rhabdorrhynchus karelini, Kyrgyzstan, Issyk-Kul, ♀. Sternite VIII (44); ovipositor (49). Pachycerus segnis, Anatolia, Izmir, ♀. Hind tarsus (31). Hind wing (34). Scape and first segments of antenna (39). Segment 7 of antenna and club (40). Blade of proventriculus (45). Sternite VIII (43). Ovipositor (48). Rhabdorrhynchus sauditus, holotypus ♀. hind tarsus (32). Hind wing (35). Scape and first segments of antenna (38). Segment 7 of antenna and club (41). Blade of proventriculus (46). Scale bars: 34–36, 2 mm;31–33, 1 mm; 37–39 and 43–49, 0.5 mm; 40–42, 0.2 mm.
Figure 17 in A new species of Halisaurus from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, and the phylogenetical relationships of the Halisaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauridae)
Figure 17. Strict consensus tree of six most parsimonious trees (270 steps) showing the phylogenetic relationships of Halisaurus arambourgi sp. nov. and Halisaurinae among Mosasauridae.
Figure 16 in A new species of Halisaurus from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, and the phylogenetical relationships of the Halisaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauridae)
Figure 16. Halisaurine skull reconstructions in dorsal view. A, Halisaurus platyspondylus (from Holmes & Sues, 2000); B, Halisaurus ortliebi (from Lingham-Soliar, 1996); C, Halisaurus arambourgi sp. nov.; D, Eonatator sternbergii (from Bardet & Pereda Suberbiola, 2001). Scale bar = 10 cm.
Figure 14 in A new species of Halisaurus from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, and the phylogenetical relationships of the Halisaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauridae)
Figure 14. Comparisons of halisaurine quadrates in lateral (above) and posterior (below) views. A, Halisaurus platyspondylus (USNM 442450; from Holmes & Sues, 2000); B, Halisaurus ortliebi (IRSNB R 34; N.B. pers. observ.); C, Halisaurus arambourgi sp. nov. (private collection); D, Eonatator sternbergii (UPI R 163; N.B. pers. observ.). Scale bar = 2 cm.
Figure 6 in A new species of Halisaurus from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, and the phylogenetical relationships of the Halisaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauridae)
Figure 6. Halisaurus arambourgi sp. nov. OCP DEK/GE 101, incomplete disarticulated skeleton, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Oulad Abdoun Basin, Morocco. Scale bar = 10 cm.
Figure 11 in A new species of Halisaurus from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, and the phylogenetical relationships of the Halisaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauridae)
Figure 11. Halisaurus arambourgi sp. nov. A, OCP DEK/GE 100, pectoral girdle; B, OCP DEK/GE 101, pelvic girdle, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Oulad Abdoun Basin, Morocco, interpretative drawings. Abbreviations: am, anterior margin; As, astragalus; Co, coracoid; F, fibula; f, foramen; Fe, femur; gl, glenoid; Il, ilium; m, metapod; p, phalanx; Pa, parietal; pm, posterior margin; Pu, pubis; R, radius; Sc, scapula; T, tibia. Scale bar = 10 cm.
Figure 10 in A new species of Halisaurus from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, and the phylogenetical relationships of the Halisaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauridae)
Figure 10. Halisaurus arambourgi sp. nov. A, OCP DEK/GE 100, pectoral girdle; B, OCP DEK/GE 101, pelvic girdle, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Oulad Abdoun Basin, Morocco. Scale bar = 10 cm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.