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Fig. 6 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 6. Holotype of Ophiocoma (Breviturma subgen. nov.) krohi sp. nov. (MNHN-IE-4300). A. Dorsal disc. B. Dorsal arm. C. Ventral arm, note the pattern on the arm spines. D. Ventral disc. E. Jaws.

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 3. Ophiocoma (Breviturma subgen. nov.) doederleini de Loriol, 1899 (UF5318). SEM images. A. Dorsal disc. B. Dorsal arm. C. Dorsal disc granules. D. Jaws. E. Ventral arm. F. Radial shield, internal aspect, distal edge downwards. G. Oral plates (half-jaws), abradial aspect left, adradial right, proximal edge left. H. Dental plates, external aspect on left, internal on right (lower septum broken), dorsal upwards. I. Genital plates abradial left, adradial right, distal upwards. J. Arm vertebrae, proximal aspect left, distal right, dorsal upwards. K. Lateral arm plates, external aspect left, internal right, distal to the right. UF, Florida Museum of Natural History.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Ophiocoma (Breviturma) subgen. nov. (two species of the scolopendrina group as outgroup), estimated by maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analysis of concatenated sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and rDNA 16S (in total 1125 bp). Values at branches indicate bootstrap values for maximum likelihood (above branches) and neighbour-joining (below branches). Specimen codes are resolved in the Supplementary file.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 2. Colour variations in species of Ophiocoma (Breviturma) subgen. nov. A-C. Ophiocoma doederleini Rowe & Pawson, 1977. A. Reticulated specimen (UF5318). B. Close-up of annulated arm spines. C. Densely reticulated specimen (UF6518). D. Ophiocoma brevipes Peters, 1851 (SMNH- 133230). E-F. Ophiocoma dentata Müller & Troschel, 1842. E. Variegated specimen (SMNH-133232). F. Uniformly reddish brown specimen (URUN2009-11047). G-L. Ophiocoma krohi sp. nov. paratypes. G. With large patches (SMNH-Type-8533). H. Small irregular spots (MNHN-IE-4302). I. Star-shaped radiating pattern (SMNH-Type-8531). J. Densely mottled (MNHN-IE-4301). K. Uniformly dark brown (SMNH-Type-8536). L. Light brown, sparsely mottled (UF13938). For institution codes see main text.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 5. SEM images of skeletal elements of Ophiocoma (Breviturma subgen. nov.) brevipes Peters, 1851 (SMNH-133230), O. (B.) dentata Müller & Troschel, 1842 (SMNH-133232) and O. krohi sp. nov. paratype (SMNH-Type-8535). A-C. Oral plates, abradial aspect at left, orientated with dorsal side up. A. O. brevipes. B. O. dentata. C. O. krohi sp. nov. D-F. Dental plates, external aspect left, internal aspect right, dorsal edge upwards. D. O. brevipes. E. O. dentata. F. O. krohi sp. nov. G-I. Radial shields, internal aspect, proximal edge upwards. G. O. brevipes. H. O. dentata. I. O. krohi sp. nov. J-L.Vertebrae from proximal part of arm, proximal aspect left, dorsal upwards. J. O. brevipes. K. O. dentata. L. O. krohi sp. nov. M-O. Genital plates, abradial plate left, adradial plate right, distal ends up (towards radial shields). M. O. brevipes. N. O. dentata. O. O. krohi sp. nov. P-R. Lateral arm plates from proximal arm, external aspect left, internal aspect right, distal end right. P. O. brevipes. Q. O. dentata. R. O. krohi sp. nov. For institution codes see main text.

Fig. 7 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 7. Granule densities in relation to disc diameter of the examined nominal species of Ophiocoma, from Table 1.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 4. SEM images of three species of Ophiocoma (Breviturma) subgen. nov. A-E. Ophiocoma brevipes Peters, 1851 (SMNH-133230). A. Dorsal disc. B. Dorsal arms. C. Dorsal disc granules. D. Jaws. E. Ventral arm. F-I. Ophiocoma dentata Müller & Troschel, 1842 (SMNH-133232). F. Dorsal disc. G. Dorsal arm. H. Dorsal disc granules. I. Jaws. J. Ventral arm. K-N. Ophiocoma krohi sp. nov. paratype (SMNH-Type-8534). K. Dorsal disc. L. Dorsal arms. M. Dorsal disc granules. N. Jaws. O. Ventral arm. For institution codes see main text.

Fig. 18 in Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida)

Fig. 18. Haliclona (Flagellia) edaphus (De Laubenfels, 1930) from California, SEM images of the spicules made from a fragment of the holotype (USNM 21444). A. Oxea. A 1. Detail of one of the apices. B–C. Flagellosigmas. B 1. Detail of long ending of flagellosigma. B 2. Detail of short ending of flagellosigma. D. Sigma.

Fig. 2 in Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida)

Fig. 2. 'Flagellated' sigma of Mycale (Naviculina) diversisigmata Van Soest, 1984, a sigma type superficially similar to a flagellosigma, but the morphology is considered non-homologous due to the lack of a strong asymmetry in the longer and shorter endings.

Fig. 3 in Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida)

Fig. 3. Distribution of Haliclona (Flagellia) subgen. nov. in the marine ecoregions of the world (MEOWs, cf. Spalding et al. 2007), marked in red, depicting where one or more records assignable to Haliclona (Flagellia) subgen. nov. are known to date. Map courtesy of World Wildlife Fund (2012).

Fig. 6 in Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida)

Fig. 6. Haliclona (Flagellia) hamata (Thiele, 1903) subgen. et comb. nov., SEM images from a fragment of the holotype (SMF 1640) from Ternate, Indonesia. A. Oxea. A 1. Detail of one of the apices. B–C. Flagellosigmas. B 1. Detail of long ending of flagellosigma. B 2. Detail of short ending of flagellosigma. D. Sigmas.

Fig. 7 in Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida)

Fig. 7. Haliclona (Flagellia) hamata (Thiele, 1903) subgen. et comb. nov., habitus of ZMA Por. 09285 from Sumba, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm).

Fig. 16 in Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida)

Fig. 16. Haliclona (Flagellia) hajdui subgen. et sp. nov., from the Guyana Shelf, off Suriname, holotype, SEM images of spicules (RMNH Por. 9921). A. Oxea. A 1. Detail of one of the apices. B–D. Flagellosigmas. C . Detail of long ending of flagellosigma. C . Detail of short ending of flagellosigma. E. Sigmas.

Fig. 1 in Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida)

Fig. 1. Flagellosigma, the characteristic feature of Haliclona (Flagellia) subgen. nov., showing meristic and descriptive features used in this study.

Fig. 14 in Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida)

Fig. 14. Haliclona (Flagellia) hiberniae subgen. et sp. nov., from the deep water of the Rockall Bank, W of Ireland. A. Habitus (arrow) of holotype (ZMA Por. 19596a), encrusting a dead coral. A 1. Habitus (paratype ZMA Por. 19619), encrusting a hydrocoral. B–I. SEM images of the spicules. B. Oxeas. B 1. Detail of one of the apices. C–E. Large category of flagellosigmas (I). C 1. Detail of long ending of large flagellosigma. C 2. Detail of short ending of large flagellosigma. F–G. Small category of flagellosigmas (II). H. Large category of sigmas (I). I. Small category of sigmas (II).

Fig. 10 in Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida)

Fig. 10. Haliclona (Flagellia) amirantensis subgen. et sp. nov., holotype (ZMA Por. 12409), from Desnoeufs Island, Amirantes, Seychelles. A. Habitus (encircled) encrusting a large Topsentia specimen (scale bar = 1 cm). B–F. SEM images of the spicules. B. Oxeas. B1. Detail of one of the apices. C–D. Flagellosigmas. D 1. Detail of long ending of flagellosigma. D 2. Detail of short ending of flagellosigma. E. Large sigma category (I). F. Small sigma category (I).

Fig. 13 in Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida)

Fig. 13. Haliclona (Flagellia) porosa (Fristedt, 1887) subgen. et comb. nov., from Mauritania (ZMA Por. 06624). A. Habitus (arrow) on dead coral (scale bar = 1 cm). B–E. SEM images of the spicules. B. Oxeas. B 1. Detail of one of the apices. C–D. Flagellosigmas. C 1. Detail of long ending of flagellosigma. C . Detail of short ending of flagellosigma. E. Sigma.

Fig. 5 in Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida)

Fig. 5. Haliclona (Flagellia) indonesiae subgen. et sp. nov., holotype (RMNH Por. 2326). A. SEM image of cross section. B. SEM image of surface. C–F. SEM images of spicules. C. Oxeas. C 1. Detail of one of the apices. D–E. Flagellosigmas. D 1. Detail of long ending of flagellosigma. D 2. Detail of short ending of flagellosigma. F. Sigma.

Fig. 17 in Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida)

Fig. 17. Haliclona (Flagellia) sp., from Santa Marta, Colombia, SEM images of the spicules (ZMA Por. 21962). A. Oxea. A 1. Detail of one of the apices. B–C. Flagellosigmas. B 1. Detail of long ending of flagellosigma. B . Detail of short ending of flagellosigma. D. Sigmas.

Fig. 12 in Flagellia, a new subgenus of Haliclona (Porifera, Haplosclerida)

Fig. 12. Haliclona (Flagellia) porosa (Fristedt, 1887) subgen. et comb. nov., from Vosmaer's (1885) Barents Sea collection, light microscopic images made from slide of ZMA Por. 20742 A. Skeleton of the surface with flagellosigma (arrow). B–F. Flagellosigmas (all photographed at same scale).