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669 results for “substitution”
Data from: N-mixture models estimate abundance reliably: a field test on Marsh Tit using time-for-space substitution
<p>Imperfect detection in field studies on animal abundance, including birds, is common and can be corrected for in various ways. The binomial N-mixture (hereafter binmix) model developed for this task is widely used in ecological studies owing to its simplicity: it requires replicated count results as the input. However, it may overestimate abundance and be sensitive to even small violations of its assumptions. We used a 33-year dataset on the Marsh Tit, Poecile palustris, a sedentary forest passerine, from Białowieża Forest, Poland to validate inference from binmix models by comparing model-estimated abundances to the true number of breeding pairs within the plots, determined by exhaustive population study. The abundance estimates, derived from six springtime (April-May) counts of males on each plot in each year, were highly reliable: 116 out of 132 year-plot estimates (88%) included the true number of pairs within the 95% confidence intervals. Over- and underestimations were thus rare and similarly frequent (9 and 12 cases, respectively), with a tendency to overestimate at low densities and underestimate at high densities. Marsh Tits sing rarely but the frequency of countersinging increases with abundance, leading to non-independence in detections. When accounted for in a submodel for detection, the per-survey number of countersinging events positively affected detection probability but only weakly affected abundance estimates. Simulations further demonstrate that this property, overestimation at low densities and underestimation at high densities, may be a systematic bias of binmix model even if density-dependent detection is absent. While the behaviour of binmix models in specific situations requires more study, we conclude that these models are a valid tool to estimate abundance reliably when intensive population monitoring is not feasible.</p>
Data repository - Substitution of ruminant meat with microbial protein in forward-looking global land-use scenarios towards 2050
<p>This repository contains model-based scenario results of a study on substituting ruminant meat with microbial protein in human diets by 2050. The scenario data has been generated with the global multi-regional open-source land-use modelling framework MAgPIE 4.3.4:<br> https://github.com/magpiemodel/magpie/releases/tag/v4.3.4<br> https://zenodo.org/record/4730378</p>
Synthesis, Herbicidal Activity, Crop Safety and Soil Degradation of Pyrimidine- and Triazine-Substituted Chlorsulfuron Derivatives Supplementary Information
<p>The content include SI1-Melting points, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS of W103-W111, SI2-Crystal data of compound W110(CCDC number 2142702), SI3-Biological assay and crop safety, SI4-Soil degradation assay, SI5-Report of soil analysis in Chinese, and SI6-Report of soil analysis in English.</p>
The Effect of Bone Graft Substitute in Healing Fractures with Bone Defects Through Examination of Alkaline Phosphatase and Radiology in the Murine Model (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain
<p>Raw data for manuscript with the title <strong>The Effect of Bone Graft Substitute in Healing Fractures with Bone Defects Through Examination of Alkaline Phosphatase and Radiology in the Murine Model (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) Wistar strain </strong></p>
Description of Data Resources Used to Analyze Benefits of Forest and Forest Resource-based Substitution and Carbon Storage in Sweden
<p>The data deposited here has been used for the publication: “On the role of forests and the forest sector for climate change mitigation in Sweden” (Petersson et al., 2022). This document describes in detail how the initial starting data was collected and what the resources were. It further describes the parameter settings used to generate the data using the Swedish Heureka decision support tool. </p>
The attraction of western honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to commercially available pollen substitutes and wildflower pollen
<p>Many beekeepers supplement their western honey bee (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) colonies with artificial pollen substitutes to provide colonies with adequate nutrition during times of low pollen availability or limited pollen quality. Here, we provided caged adult worker bees with three commercially available pollen substitutes (AP23, MegaBee, UltraBee) and wildflower pollen to determine which diet is most attractive to the bees. We measured diet weight change (as a proxy for consumption) and observed honey bee behavior to test for bee preferences for certain diets. We found that the bees interacted with and consumed more wildflower pollen than they did with any of the commercially available pollen substitutes. Ultimately, our data suggest that bees have a strong preference for wildflower pollen over that of commercially available pollen substitutes.</p>
Functional miscibility and thermomechanical properties enhancement of substituted phthalic acetylated modified chitin filler in biopolymer composite
<p>The miscibility between hydrophobic and hydrophilic biopolymers has been of significant challenge. This study used a novel simplified chitin modification method to produce phthalic - chitin using phthalic anhydride in a substitution reaction. The FT-IR functional group analysis was used to confirm the substitution reaction. The modified chitin was used as compatibiliser in PLA/starch biocomposite to enhance its properties. The biocomposite was prepared using melt extrusion and compression moulding technique. The biocomposite's morphological, thermomechanical, and water absorption properties were characterised using scanning electron microscope, tensile test, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetry analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thickness swelling, and water absorption test. The FT-IR study shows a successful substitution reaction of the amine hydrogen ion present in the chitin as opposed to substituting the hydrogen ion in the hydroxide group. The tensile and impact properties of biocomposite incorporated with modified chitin showed better results compared with other samples. The SEM images showed uniform miscibility of the modified biocomposite. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed improved modulus value with the incorporation of modified chitin. The thermal properties showed improved thermal stability of the modified biocomposite. Furthermore, the percentage of water absorbed by biocomposite with modified chitin is reduced compared to the PLA/starch biocomposite. The produced biodegradable ternary blend can be used as a substitute for plastics in industrial applications.</p>
XPS measurements of thin film on SiO2/Si(111) and powder samples (In-foil) of di-cyano-substituted tetrazolinyl radical
<p>XPS raw data underlying Figure 10 from the publication "Thermally Ultrarobust S = 1/2 Tetrazolinyl Radicals: Synthesis, Electronic Structure, Magnetism, and Nanoneedle Assemblies on Silicon Surface" (DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03402)</p>
Experimental data for Understanding frictional behavior in fascia tissues through tribological modeling and material substitution
<p>Dataset (experimental data) for publication titled: Understanding frictional behavior in fascia tissues through tribological modeling and material substitution. The article deals with the development of a tribological model of fascia. As in the paper, the dataset is divided into the three phenomena studied: Effect of geometry, Models, Hyaluronic acid - model E. </p>
Data from: Forest carbon sink in the U.S. (1870–2012) driven by substitution of forest ecosystem service flows
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data Files for "Subsidies for Close Substitutes: Aggregate Demand for Residential Solar Electricity"
<p>Data files for "Subsidies for Close Substitutes: Aggregate Demand for Residential Solar Electricity" [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104848]. Findings of the paper can be replicated using these data files, along with code at https://github.com/xabajian/AP_Solar/. Please contact Alexander Abajian <xander.abajian@gmail.com> with any questions regarding the enclosed files.</p>
Test data for C-QTL analysis of barley Recombinant Chromosome Substitution Lines
<p>This data shows the testing of C-QTL approach to visualise the influence of ensembles of groups of genetic markers on plant traits from a selection of Recombinant Chromosome Substitution Lines. The analysis was performed on of 29 genotypes and two traits: Heading Date and plant height. For heading date, the two major QTLs on 2H and 7H associated with heading date using the REML approach (de la Fuente Canto 2016) are also detected using the CQTL analysis, getting the highest 'rank' or score with this approach. Similarly, marker main effect for plant height at the region of the sdw1 seems to be detected with the CQTL analysis.</p>
Data for article "Highly Substituted delta3-1,2,3-Triazolines: Solid-State Emitters with Electrofluorochromic Behavior"
<p>This upload contains electrochemistry, EPR, NMR, UV-vis, fluorescence and X-Ray diffraction data for article "Highly Substituted D3-1,2,3-Triazolines: Solid-State Emitters with Electrofluorochromic Behavior", Suleymanov et al. <em>Chem. Eur. J. </em><strong>2019 </strong>(DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901345).</p>
Data from "Radiation-driven Destruction of Thiophene and Methyl-Substituted Thiophenes"
<p>Tribbett, Patrick D., Yarnall, Yukiko, Y., Hudson, Reggie L., Gerakines, Perry A., Materese, Christopher K. (2024) Radiation-driven Destruction of Thiophene and Methyl-Substituted Thiophenes. <em>Astrobiology</em> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2024.0038">https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2024.0038</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p>Abstract: Thiophene and two derivatives (2-methylthiophene and 3-methylthiophene) have been detected on the surface of Mars with the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite onboard NASA’s Curiosity rover. Thiophene could serve as a secondary chemical biosignature since the secondary biosynthesis of thiophene is considered an important production pathway. However, it is critical to understand the abiotic formation and destruction of thiophene and its derivatives since these pathways could affect the molecules’ stabilities on planetary surfaces over geological timescales. Here, we present the radiolytic destruction kinetics of thiophene, 2-methylthiophene, and 3-methylthiophene as single-component ices and when diluted in water ice at low temperatures. Using infrared spectroscopy, we determined the destruction rate constants and extrapolated our radiolytic half-lives to the surface of Mars, assuming the measured and modeled surface dose rates. We found that our rate constants strongly depend on temperature and presence of water ice. Based on our determined radiolytic half-life for thiophene under conditions most similar to those of thiophene groups in Martian macromolecules, we expect thiophene to be stable on the surface for significantly longer than the Martian surface exposure age of sites in Gale crater where thiophenes have been detected.</p>
Dataset for ""A dynamic isotope effect in the nucleophilic substitution reaction F- + CD3I"
<p>Dataset for ""A dynamic isotope effect in the nucleophilic substitution reaction F- + CD3I"</p>
Stl. and nTopology program file of the scaffold used in publication "Vat photopolymerization of biomimetic bone scaffolds based on Mg, Sr, Zn-substituted hydroxyapatite: Effect of sintering temperature"
<p>Stl. nTopology program file of the scaffold used in <a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.05.038" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.05.038</a></p>
Supplementary tables and figures - Excluding loci with substitution saturation improves inferences from phylogenomic data
<p>Supplementary tables and figures - Excluding loci with substitution saturation improves inferences from phylogenomic data</p>
Correlates of substitution rate variation in a robust Procellariiform seabird phylogeny
<p>Molecular substitution rates vary among branches and can lead to inaccurate reconstructions of evolutionary relationships and obscure the true phylogeny of affected clades. Body mass is often assumed to have a major influence on substitution rate, though other factors such as population size, life history traits, and flight demands are also thought to have an influence. Birds of the order Procellariiformes—which encompasses petrels, storm-petrels and albatrosses—show a striking 900-fold difference in body mass between the smallest and largest members, divergent life history traits, and substantial heterogeneity in mitochondrial substitution rates. Here, we used genome-scale nuclear DNA sequence data from 4365 ultraconserved element loci (UCEs) in 51 procellariiform species to examine whether phylogenetic reconstruction using genome-wide datasets is robust to the presence of rate heterogeneity, and to identify predictors of substitution rate variation. Our results provide a backbone phylogeny for procellariiform seabirds and resolves several controversies about the evolutionary history of the order, demonstrating that albatrosses are basal, storm-petrels are paraphyletic and diving petrels nestled within the Procellariidae. We find evidence of rate variation; however, all phylogenetic analyses using both concatenation and multispecies coalescent approaches recovered the same branching topology, including analyses implementing different clock models, and analyses of the most and least clock-like loci. Overall, we find that rate heterogeneity is little impacted by body mass and age at first breeding, but moderately impacted by longevity and hand-wing index, a proxy for wing shape and flight efficiency. Our results indicate that substitution rate may be the product of interactions among many, potentially taxon-specific, variables.</p>
FIGURE 3 in COMPUTER-AIDED DRAWING SYSTEM - SUBSTITUTE FOR CAMERA LUCIDA Ekaterina A. S and Dmitry D. V
FIGURE 3: Setting a live image from the camera as the background for drawing (software used for this example are VLC media player and GIMP graphic software). Since the overlay mode image cannot be reproduced in a screenshot, we photographed the computer screen using a digital camera instead of making the combined images from incomplete screenshots: A – media player showing the image; B – screenshot taken from A and pasted to the new file in the drawing software. The overlay mode is active: part of the video frame is visible through a replica of the media player's window where it overlaps with an original window of the media player, the rest of the replica is dark but is nevertheless filled with overlay color. Both arrows point to the area filled with overlay color; C – media player is closed, the whole area filled with overlay color looks dark; D – same as C, but the media player was not in overlay mode when the screenshot was taken. There is no overlay color on the screen. See text for further explanations.
FIGURE 2 in COMPUTER-AIDED DRAWING SYSTEM - SUBSTITUTE FOR CAMERA LUCIDA Ekaterina A. S and Dmitry D. V
FIGURE 2: Settings of VLC media player. Those important for correct and convenient work in overlay mode are indicated by arrows. This dialog can be found under the 'Tools> Preferences' menu.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.