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173 results for “sugarcane”
Molecular, biochemical and metabolomics analyses reveal constitutive and pathogen-induced defense responses of two sugarcane contrasting genotypes against leaf scald disease
<p>Leaf scald caused by the bacteria <em>Xanthomonas albilineans</em> is one of the major concerns to sugarcane production. To breed for resistance, mechanisms underlying plant-pathogen interaction need deeper investigations. Herein, we evaluated sugarcane defense responses against <em>X. albilineans</em> using molecular and biochemical approaches to assess pathogen-triggered ROS, phytohormones and metabolomics in two contrasting sugarcane genotypes from 0.5-144 h post-inoculation (hpi). In addition, the infection process was monitored using TaqMan-based quantification of <em>X. albilineans</em> and the disease symptoms were evaluated in both genotypes after 15 d post-inoculation (dpi) The susceptible genotype presented a response to the infection at 0.5 hpi, accumulating defense-related metabolites such as phenolics and flavonoids with no significant defense responses thereafter, resulting in typical symptoms of leaf scald at 15 dpi. The resistant genotype did not respond to the infection at 0.5 hpi but constitutively presented higher levels of salicylic acid and of the same metabolites induced by the infection in the susceptible genotype. Moreover, two subsequent pathogen-induced metabolic responses at 12 and 144 hpi were observed only in the resistant genotype in terms of amino acids, quinic acids, coumarins, polyamines, flavonoids, phenolics and phenylpropanoids together with an increase of hydrogen peroxide, ROS-related genes expression, indole-3-acetic-acid and salicylic acid. Multilevel approaches revealed that constitutive chemical composition and metabolic reprogramming hampers the development of leaf scald at 48 and 72 hpi, reducing the disease symptoms in the resistant genotype at 15 dpi. Phenylpropanoid pathway is suggested as a strong candidate marker for breeding sugarcane resistant to leaf scald.</p>
Denitrification losses in response to N fertiliser rates - integrating high temporal resolution N2O, in-situ 15N2O and 15N2 measurements and fertiliser 15N recoveries in intensive sugarcane systems
Denitrification is a key process in the global nitrogen (N) cycle, causing both nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) emissions. However, estimates of seasonal denitrification losses (N2O+N2) are scarce, reflecting methodological difficulties in measuring soil-borne N2 emissions against the high atmospheric N2 background and challenges regarding their spatio-temporal upscaling. This study investigated N2O+N2 losses in response to N fertiliser rates (0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1) on two intensively managed tropical sugarcane farms in Australia, by combining automated N2O monitoring, in-situ N2 and N2O measurements using the 15N gas flux method and fertiliser 15N recoveries at harvest. Dynamic changes in the N2O/(N2O+N2) ratio (< 0.01 to 0.768) were explained by fitting generalised additive mixed models (GAMMs) with soil factors to upscale high temporal-resolution N2O data to daily N2 emissions over the season. Cumulative N2O+N2 losses ranged from 12 to 87 kg N ha-1, increasing non-linearly with increasing N fertiliser rates. Emissions of N2O+N2 accounted for 31–78% of fertiliser 15N losses and were dominated by environmentally benign N2 emissions. The contribution of denitrification to N fertiliser loss decreased with increasing N rates, suggesting increasing significance of other N loss pathways including leaching and runoff at higher N rates. This study delivers a blueprint approach to extrapolate denitrification measurements at both temporal and spatial scales, which can be applied in fertilised agroecosystems. Robust estimates of denitrification losses determined using this method will help to improve cropping system modelling approaches, advancing our understanding of the N cycle across scales.
Identification of candidate SNPs in the encoding region of two sugarcane cultivars as to resistance to water stress
<p>Identification of candidate SNPs in the encoding region of two sugarcane cultivars as to resistance to water stress</p>
Improving the understanding of phosphate fertilization in soil P content, acid phosphatase and production of sugarcane
<p>The sugarcane crop is grown in large areas and has a productive chain of billions of dollars. In its chain, they are involved from sugar production to second generation hydrated alcohol. Phosphate nutrition is of great importance for culture, therefore requiring further studies. We sought to evaluate sources and doses of P in the absence/presence of filter cake. The first three models refer to P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> sources and doses in the absence of the filter cake and the last three models refer to P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> sources and doses in the presence of the filter cake (7.5 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>, in dry weight). As a statistical basis, we used average, median, maximum, minimum and standard deviation data for the variables evaluated.</p>
Figure 4. Plectris aliena Chapin, 1934 in Biological and morphological aspects of Plectris aliena (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in sugarcane in Brazil
Figure 4. Plectris aliena Chapin, 1934 morphology in larvae. Body in lateral view (A); head in frontal view (B); raster (C). Black rows indicate the sensorial macula on distal antennomere and the carinae on labrum.
Figure 3. Plectris aliena Chapin, 1934 in Biological and morphological aspects of Plectris aliena (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in sugarcane in Brazil
Figure 3. Plectris aliena Chapin, 1934 morphology in adults. Male habitus (A) and frontolateral view (B); female habitus (C), metatibial apex in male (D) and female (E); and male genitalia: dorsal (F) and lateral (G) views; data labels of the series deposited at DZUP (H). Black rows indicate pair of spurs.
Figure 1 in Biological and morphological aspects of Plectris aliena (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in sugarcane in Brazil
Figure 1. Developmental stages of Plectris aliena observed, throughout the year, in sugarcane crop in the municipality Deodápolis, MS, Brazil.
Sugarcane
**Sugarcane** The commodity that changed the way economies and societies in the west developed. The wealth generation, the affects on health and well being. The product which compelled the system. We welcome you to download and share the images. We just ask that you credit the artist and project #lornainman #nutkhut #girmit Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: Analysis of the PEBP gene family and identification of a novel FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologue in sugarcane
<p>Sugarcane (<i>Saccharum</i> spp.) is an important economic crop for both sugar and biomass, the yields of which are negatively affected by flowering. The molecular mechanisms controlling flowering in sugarcane are nevertheless poorly understood. RNA-seq data analysis and database searches have enabled a comprehensive description of the PEBP gene family in sugarcane. It is shown to consist of at least 13 <i>FLOWERING LOCUS T </i>(<i>FT</i>)-like genes, two <i>MOTHER OF FT AND TFL </i>(<i>MFT</i>)<i>-</i>like genes, and four <i>TERMINAL FLOWER </i>(<i>TFL</i>)-like genes. As expected, these genes all show very high homology to their corresponding genes in <i>Sorghum</i>, and also to <i>FT</i>-like, <i>MFT-</i>like, and <i>TFL</i>-like genes in maize, rice, and Arabidopsis. Functional analysis in Arabidopsis showed that the sugarcane <i>ScFT3</i> gene can rescue the late flowering phenotype of the Arabidopsis <i>ft-10</i> mutant, whereas <i>ScFT5</i> cannot. High expression levels of <i>ScFT3</i> in leaves of short day-induced sugarcane plants coincided with initial stages of floral induction in the shoot apical meristem as shown by histological analysis of meristem dissections. This suggests that <i>ScFT3</i> is likely to play a role in floral induction in sugarcane; however, other sugarcane <i>FT</i>-like genes may also be involved in the flowering process.</p>
Figure 1 in Within-plant distribution and rapid assessment of sugarcane rust mite population on sugarcane canopy
Figure 1 Mites appearances in visual direct count (left) and imprinting techniques (right).
Figure 1 in Instances for "Sugarcane Harvest Logistics in Brazil"
Figure 1. - Capture location (black circle) of Narcine bancrofti examined in this study.
Figure 2 in Instances for "Sugarcane Harvest Logistics in Brazil"
Figure 2. - Leucistic Narcine bancrofti surrounded by conspecifics presenting normal pigmentation.
Genome sequence of the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
<p><span>The sugarcane aphid, <em>Melanaphis sacchari</em> (Zehntner, 1897), is an agricultural pest that causes damage to plants in the <a name="OLE_LINK12"></a>Poaceae (the grasses) family, such as sorghum and sugarcane. However, genomic resources of this species are currently limited. Here, we used Nanopore long reads and Hi-C interaction map to generate a chromosome-level assembly with a total length of 356.1 Mb, of which 85.5% (304.6 Mb) is contained within the three autosomes and the X chromosome. <a name="OLE_LINK4"></a>Repetitive sequences accounted for 16.29% of the chromosomes and a total of 12,350 protein-coding genes were annotated, achieving 95.8% benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs (BUSCO) gene completeness. Phylogenomic analysis by comparing <em>M. sacchari</em> with twenty-four published aphid genomes representing three aphid tribes reveals that <em>M. sacchari</em> belongs to the tribe Aphidini and maintained a conserved chromosome structure with other Aphidini species. <span>T</span>he genomic resources reported in this study will be useful for understanding the evolution of aphid genomes and studying pest management of <em>M. sacchari</em>.</span></p>
Impact of urea fertilization rates on nitrogen dynamics, productivity, and profitability from Ugandan sugarcane plantations
<p>All the datasets contained in the zipped file have all the different variables written out in full with the appropriate units defined in brackets [].</p>
Natural lignin modulators improve bagasse saccharification of sugarcane and energy cane in field trials
<p>The burgeoning cellulosic ethanol industry necessitates advancements in enzymatic saccharification, effective pretreatments for lignin removal, and the cultivation of crops more amenable to saccharification. Studies have demonstrated that natural inhibitors of lignin biosynthesis can enhance the saccharification of lignocellulose, even in tissues generated several months post-treatment. In this study, we applied daidzin (a competitive inhibitor of coniferaldehyde dehydrogenase), piperonylic acid (a <i>quasi</i>-irreversible inhibitor of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase), and methylenedioxy cinnamic acid (a competitive inhibitor of 4-coenzyme A ligase) to 60-day-old crops of two conventional Brazilian sugarcane cultivars and two energy cane clones, bred specifically for enhanced biomass production. The resultant biomasses were evaluated for lignin content and enzymatic saccharification efficiency without additional lignin-removal pretreatments. The treatments amplified the production of fermentable sugars in both the sugarcane cultivars and energy cane clones. The most successful results softened the most recalcitrant lignocellulose to the level of the least recalcitrant of the biomasses tested. Interestingly, the softest material became even more susceptible to saccharification.</p>
Data from: Brazilian sugarcane ethanol as an expandable green alternative to crude oil use
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Data from: The role of tropical forest fragment vegetation in maintaining arthropod diversity and spillover to adjacent sugarcane fields
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Data from: Analysis of the PEBP gene family and identification of a novel FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologue in sugarcane
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Data from: The sugarcane mitochondrial genome: assembly, phylogenetics and transcriptomics
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Chloroplast genomes provide insufficient phylogenetic information to distinguish between closely related sugarcane cultivars, due to the recent origin of many cultivars and the conserved sequence of the chloroplast. In comparison, the mitochondrial genome of plants is much larger and more plastic and could contain increased phylogenetic signals. We assembled a consensus reference mitochondrion with Illumina TruSeq synthetic long reads and ONT MinION long reads. Based on this assembly we also analyzed the mitochondrial transcriptomes of sugarcane and sorghum and improved the annotation of the sugarcane mitochondrion as compared with other species.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Mitochondrial genomes were assembled from genomic read pools using a bait and assemble methodology. The mitogenome was exhaustively annotated using BLAST and transcript datasets were mapped with HISAT2 prior to analysis with the Integrated Genome Viewer.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The sugarcane mitochondrion is comprised of two independent chromosomes, for which there is no evidence of recombination. Based on the reference assembly from the sugarcane cultivar SP80-3280 the mitogenomes of four additional cultivars (R570, LCP85-384, RB72343 and SP70-1143) were assembled (with the SP70-1143 assembly utilizing both genomic and transcriptomic data and the R570 data based on MinION assembly). We demonstrate that the sugarcane plastome is completely transcribed and we assembled the chloroplast genome of SP80-3280 using transcriptomic data only. Phylogenomic analysis using mitogenomes allow closely related sugarcane cultivars to be distinguished and supports the discrimination between <em>Saccharum officinarum</em> and <em>Saccharum cultum</em> as modern sugarcane's female parent. From whole chloroplast comparisons, we demonstrate that modern sugarcane arose from a limited number of S. cultum female founders. Transcriptomic and spliceosomal analyses reveal that the two chromosomes of the sugarcane mitochondrion are combined at the transcript level and that splice sites occur more frequently within gene coding regions than without. We reveal one confirmed and one potential cytoplasmic male sterility factor in the sugarcane mitochondrion, both of which are transcribed</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Transcript processing in the sugarcane mitochondrion is highly complex with diverse splice events, the majority of which span the two chromosomes. PolyA baited transcripts are consistent with the use of polyadenylation for transcript degradation. For the first time we annotate two cytoplasmic male sterility factors within the sugarcane mitochondrion and demonstrate that sugarcane possesses all the molecular machinery required for cytoplasmic male sterility and rescue. A mechanism of cross-chromosomal splicing based on guide RNAs is proposed. We also demonstrate that mitogenomes can be used to perform phylogenomic studies on sugarcane cultivars.</p>
bslucas98/Dsaccharalis_genomeassembly: A first draft genome of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis
<p>This repository contains: a) Additional Tables S1 and S2; b) The script used to select a subset of raw reads; c) The script used to select protein gene models having >=50% similarity to the B. mori model.</p>
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