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124 results for “temperature adaptation”
Novel mitochondrial genome rearrangements including duplications and extensive heteroplasmy could underlie temperature adaptations in Antarctic notothenioid fishes
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Stay in shape: assessing the adaptive potential of shell morphology and its sensitivity to temperature in the invasive New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum through phenotypic plasticity and natural selection in Europe
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The genetic architecture of temperature adaptation is shaped by population ancestry and not by selection regime
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Adapting a propane turkey fryer to manipulate temperature in aquatic environments - Thermal manipulation datasets
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Data for: Adaptive variation in the upper limits of avian body temperature
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Data from: Landscape genomics and a common garden trial reveal adaptive differentiation to temperature across Europe in the tree species Alnus glutinosa
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Beyond cyanogenesis: Temperature gradients drive environmental adaptation in North American white clover (Trifolium repens L.)
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Sexual selection buffers the negative consequences of population fragmentation on adaptive plastic responses to increasing temperatures
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Diversity, adaptation and metabolic potential of the microbiome in biofilms from a high-temperature hot spring
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Constraints in temperature adaptation reinforce differences in thermal niche between mesophilic and psychrotolerant Bacillus cereus group species
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Linking temperature dependence in fitness effects of mutations to thermal niche adaptation
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Data for: Phenotypic adaptation to temperature in the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti
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Parallel molecular mechanisms for enzyme temperature adaptation
<p><span>The mechanisms that underly the adaptation enzyme activities and stabilities to temperature are fundamental to our understanding of molecular evolution and how enzymes work. Herein, we investigate the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of enzyme temperature adaption, combining deep mechanistic studies with comprehensive sequence analyses of thousands of enzymes. We show that temperature adaptation in ketosteroid isomerase (KSI) arises primarily from one residue change with limited, local epistasis</span><span> and we establish the underlying physical mechanisms</span><span>. </span>This residue change occurs in diverse KSI backgrounds, suggesting parallel adaptation to temperature. We identify residues associated with organismal growth temperature in 1005 diverse bacterial enzyme families, suggesting widespread parallel adaptation. We assess the properties of these residues, molecular interactions and interaction networks that appear to underly temperature adaptation.</p>
Data from: Rapid adaptation to high temperatures in Chironomus riparius
Effects of seasonal or daily temperature variation on fitness and physiology of ectothermic organisms and their ways to cope with such variations have been widely studied. However, the way multivoltines organisms cope with temperature variations from a generation to another is still not well understood and complex to identify. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the multivoltine midge Chironomus riparius Meigen (1803) responds mainly via acclimation as predicted by current theories, or if rapid genetic adaptation is involved. To investigate this issue, a common garden approach has been applied. A mix of larvae from five European populations was raised in the laboratory at three different pre-exposure temperatures (PET): 14, 20, 26°C. After three and five generations respectively, larvae were exposed to three treatment temperatures (TT) 14, 20, 26°C, mortality was monitored for the first 48h and after emergence. After three generations significant mortality rate differences depended on an interaction of PET and TT. This finding supports the hypothesis that chironomids respond rapidly to climatic variation via adaptive mechanisms, and to a lesser extent via phenotypic plasticity. The result of the experiment indicates that three generations were sufficient to adapt to warm temperature, decreasing the mortality rate, highlighting the potential for chironomids to rapidly respond to seasonally changing conditions.
Data from: Phylogeographic differentiation versus transcriptomic adaptation to warm temperatures in Zostera marina, a globally important seagrass
Populations distributed across a broad thermal cline are instrumental in addressing adaptation to increasing temperatures under global warming. Using a space-for-time substitution design, we tested for parallel adaptation to warm temperatures along two independent thermal clines in Zostera marina, the most widely distributed seagrass in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. A North–South pair of populations was sampled along the European and North American coasts and exposed to a simulated heatwave in a common-garden mesocosm. Transcriptomic responses under control, heat stress and recovery were recorded in 99 RNAseq libraries with ~13 000 uniquely annotated, expressed genes. We corrected for phylogenetic differentiation among populations to discriminate neutral from adaptive differentiation. The two southern populations recovered faster from heat stress and showed parallel transcriptomic differentiation, as compared with northern populations. Among 2389 differentially expressed genes, 21 exceeded neutral expectations and were likely involved in parallel adaptation to warm temperatures. However, the strongest differentiation following phylogenetic correction was between the three Atlantic populations and the Mediterranean population with 128 of 4711 differentially expressed genes exceeding neutral expectations. Although adaptation to warm temperatures is expected to reduce sensitivity to heatwaves, the continued resistance of seagrass to further anthropogenic stresses may be impaired by heat-induced downregulation of genes related to photosynthesis, pathogen defence and stress tolerance.
Data from: Adaptive phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation for temperature tolerance in freshwater zooplankton
Many organisms have geographical distributions extending from the tropics to near polar regions or can experience up to 30°C temperature variation within the lifespan of an individual. Two forms of evolutionary adaptation to such wide ranges in ambient temperatures are frequently discussed: local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. The freshwater planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna, whose range extends from South Africa to near arctic sites, shows strong phenotypic and genotypic variation in response to temperature. In this study, we use D. magna clones from 22 populations (one clone per population) ranging from latitude 0° (Kenya) to 66° North (White Sea) to explore the contributions of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation to high temperature tolerance. Temperature tolerance was studied as knockout time (time until immobilization, Timm) at 37°C in clones acclimatized to either 20°C or 28°C. Acclimatization to 28°C strongly increased Timm, testifying to adaptive phenotypic plasticity. At the same time, Timm significantly correlated with average high temperature at the clones' sites of origin, suggesting local adaptation. As earlier studies have found that haemoglobin expression contributes to temperature tolerance, we also quantified haemoglobin concentration in experimental animals and found that both acclimatization temperature (AccT) and temperature at the site of origin are positively correlated with haemoglobin concentration. Furthermore, Daphnia from warmer climates upregulate haemoglobin much more strongly in response to AccT, suggesting local adaptation for plasticity in haemoglobin expression. Our results show that both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity contribute to temperature tolerance, and elucidate a possible role of haemoglobin in mediating these effects that differs along a cold–warm gradient.
Data from: Rapid adaptation of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans to changing temperature
<p>Temperature plays a multidimensional role in host-pathogen interactions. As an important element of climate change, elevated world temperature resulting from global warming presents new challenges to sustainable disease management. Knowledge of pathogen adaptation to global warming is needed to predict future disease epidemiology and formulate mitigating strategies. In this study, 21 <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> isolates originating from seven thermal environments were acclimated for 200 days under stepwise increase or decrease of experimental temperatures and evolutionary responses of the isolates to the thermal changes were evaluated. We found temperature acclimation significantly increased the fitness and genetic adaptation of <i>P. infestans </i>isolates at both low and high temperatures. Low temperature acclimation enforced the counter-gradient adaptation of the pathogen to its past selection and enhanced the positive association between the pathogen's intrinsic growth rate and aggressiveness. At high temperatures we found that pathogen growth collapsed near the maximum temperature for growth, suggesting a thermal niche boundary may exist in the evolutionary adaptation of <i>P. infestans.</i> These results indicate that pathogens can quickly adapt to temperature shifts in global warming. If this is associated with environmental conditions favouring pathogen spread it will threaten future food security and human health and require the establishment of mitigating actions.</p>
Data from: Local adaptation with high gene flow: temperature parameters drive adaptation to altitude in the common frog (Rana temporaria)
Both environmental- and genetic-influences can result in phenotypic variation. Quantifying the relative contributions of local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity to phenotypes is key to understanding the effect of environmental variation on populations. Identifying the selective pressures that drive divergence is an important, but often lacking, next step. High gene flow between high- and low-altitude common frog (Rana temporaria) breeding sites has previously been demonstrated in Scotland. The aim of this study was to assess whether local adaptation occurs in the face of high gene flow and to identify potential environmental selection pressures that drive adaptation. Phenotypic variation in larval traits was quantified in R. temporaria from paired high- and low-altitude sites using three common temperature treatments. Local adaptation was assessed using QST-FST analyses, and quantitative phenotypic divergence was related to environmental parameters using Mantel tests. Although evidence of local adaptation was found for all traits measured, only variation in larval period and growth rate was consistent with adaptation to altitude. Moreover, this was only evident in the three mountains with the highest high-altitude sites. This variation was correlated with mean summer and winter temperatures, suggesting temperature parameters are potentially strong selective pressures maintaining local adaptation, despite high gene flow.
Data from: Prenatal acoustic programming of mitochondrial function for high temperatures in an arid-adapted bird
<p>Sound is an essential source of information in many taxa and can notably be used by embryos to program their phenotypes for postnatal environments. While underlying mechanisms are mostly unknown, there is growing evidence for the implication of mitochondria – main source of cellular energy (<i>i.e.</i> ATP) – in developmental programming processes. Here, we tested whether prenatal sound programs mitochondrial metabolism. In the arid-adapted zebra finch, prenatal exposure to "heat-calls" – produced by parents incubating at high temperatures – adaptively alters nestling growth in the heat. We measured red blood cell mitochondrial function, in nestlings exposed prenatally to heat- or control-calls, and reared in contrasting thermal environments. Exposure to high temperatures always reduced mitochondrial ATP production efficiency. However, as expected to reduce heat production, prenatal exposure to heat-calls improved mitochondrial efficiency under mild heat conditions. In addition, when exposed to an acute heat-challenge, <i>LEAK</i> respiration was higher in heat-call nestlings, and mitochondrial efficiency low across temperatures. Consistent with its role in reducing oxidative damage, <i>LEAK</i> under extreme heat was also higher in fast-growing nestlings. Our study, therefore, provides the first demonstration of mitochondrial acoustic sensitivity, and brings us closer to understanding the underpinning of acoustic developmental programming and avian strategies for heat adaptation.</p>
Adaptation Mitigates the Negative Effect of Temperature Shocks on Household Consumption
<p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p> <p>Consumption plays an important role in economic growth but little is known about its response to weather extremes. This paper examines the effect of temperature shocks on consumption using high-frequency and fine-scale data from the world’s largest payment network. Our analysis shows that excess heat and cold have a direct and immediate negative effect on various consumption activities in the short run, leading to an inverted U-shaped relationship between temperature and consumption. Consumption sensitivity varies by climate regions: excess heat has the largest effect in cold regions but the smallest in hot regions. The long-run projections show that without adaptation, climate change would reduce aggregate consumption under both moderate and aggressive scenarios by the end of the century. However, no evidence of consumption reduction arises once adaptation is accounted for. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating the moderating role of adaptation in understanding consumption responses to climate change.</p> <p><strong>Data and Code</strong></p> <p>The credit and debit card transactions data that support the findings of this study are from UnionPay and are confidential. We cannot disclose the data to the public under our nondisclosure agreement. Interested researcher can contact UnionPay Advisors at 86-21-61005911, or <a href="mailto:yinlianzhice@unionpayadvisors.com">yinlianzhice@unionpayadvisors.com</a>.</p> <p>Air pollution and weather data for this analysis are from public sources (https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysisdatasets/era-interim and https://air.cnemc.cn:18014/). The data are also available from Zenodo (<a href="https://zenodo.org/">https://zenodo.org/</a>).</p> <p>The file “download.py” contains the codes which download the temperature data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The file "analysis.do" contains codes for producing Figure 1-Figure 6 and Extended Data Figure 3-Figure 6. STATA 16.0 or above is recommended in running the do-file.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.