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89 results for “terrestrial vertebrates”
Data for: Geographic isolation reduces genetic diversity of a wide-ranging terrestrial vertebrate, Canis lupus
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Data for: First evidence of yearly allochrony in a terrestrial vertebrate: A case study of an annual chameleon
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More than just meat: Carcass decomposition shapes trophic identities in a terrestrial vertebrate
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The impact of gigafire on vegetation structure, terrestrial vertebrate abundance, and diel activity
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Data from: Mosquito derived ingested DNA as a tool for monitoring terrestrial vertebrates within a peri-urban environment
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FIGURE 4 in Quantifying vertebrate zoogeographical regions of Australia using geospatial turnover in the species composition of mammals, birds, reptiles and terrestrial amphibians
FIGURE 4. The zoogeographical regions proposed by Cracraft (1991, thick black lines) and superimposed over the three clusters found in this study.
Data from: Habitat preference modulates trans-oceanic dispersal in a terrestrial vertebrate
The importance of long-distance dispersal in shaping geographic distributions has been debated since the 19th century. In terrestrial vertebrates, long-distance dispersal events across large water bodies are considered highly improbable, but organismal traits affecting dispersal capacity are generally not taken into account. Here, we focus on a recent lizard radiation and combine a summary-coalescent species tree based on 1225 exons with a probabilistic model that links dispersal capacity to an evolving trait, to investigate whether ecological specialization has influenced the probability of trans-oceanic dispersal. Cryptoblepharus species that occur in coastal habitats have on average dispersed 13 to 14 times more frequently than non-coastal species and coastal specialization has therefore led to an extraordinarily widespread distribution that includes multiple continents and distant island archipelagoes. Furthermore, their presence across the Pacific substantially predates the age of human colonization and we can therefore explicitly reject the possibility that these patterns are solely shaped by human mediated dispersal. Overall, by combining new analytical methods with a comprehensive phylogenomic dataset, we use a quantitative framework to show how coastal specialization can influence dispersal capacity and eventually shape geographic distributions at a macroevolutionary scale.
Data from: Archipelagos of the Anthropocene: rapid and extensive differentiation of native terrestrial vertebrates in a single metropolis
Some of the best evidence for rapid evolutionary change comes from studies of archipelagos and oceanic islands. City parks are analogous systems as they create geographically isolated green spaces that differ in size, structure, and complexity. Very little, however, is known about whether city parks in single urban centres drive selection and result in the diversification of native species. Here, we provide evidence for the rapid genetic and morphological differentiation of a native lizard (Intellagama lesueurii) at four geographically close yet unconnected parks within one city. Year of establishment of each city park varied from 1855 (oldest) to 2001 (youngest) equating to a generation time range of 32 to three generations. Genetic divergence among city park populations was large despite the small pairwise geographic distances (< 5km) and found to be two to three times higher for microsatellites and three to 33 times higher for mtDNA relative to non-urban populations. Patterns of morphological differentiation were also found to be most extensive among the four city park populations. In contrast to non-urban populations, city park populations showed significant differentiation in relative body size, relative head and limb morphology and relative forelimb and hindlimb length. Crucially, we show that these patterns of differentiation are unlikely to have been caused by founder events and/or drift alone. Our results suggest that city park 'archipelagos' could represent theatres for rapid evolution that may, in time, favour adaptive diversification.
Data from: Debugging diversity – a pan‐continental exploration of the potential of terrestrial blood‐feeding leeches as a vertebrate monitoring tool
The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) has become an applicable non-invasive tool with which to obtain information about biodiversity. A sub-discipline of eDNA is iDNA (invertebrate-derived DNA), where genetic material ingested by invertebrates is used to characterise the biodiversity of the species that served as hosts. While promising, these techniques are still in their infancy, as they have only been explored on limited numbers of samples from only a single or a few different locations. In this study, we investigate the suitability of iDNA extracted from more than 3,000 haematophagous terrestrial leeches as a tool for detecting a wide range of terrestrial vertebrates across five different geographical regions on three different continents. These regions cover almost the full geographical range of haematophagous terrestrial leeches, thus representing all parts of the world where this method might apply. We identify host taxa through metabarcoding coupled with high-throughput sequencing on Illumina and IonTorrent sequencing platforms to decrease economic costs and workload and thereby make the approach attractive for practitioners in conservation management. We identified hosts in four different taxonomic vertebrate classes: mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, belonging to at least 42 different taxonomic families. We find that vertebrate blood ingested by haematophagous terrestrial leeches throughout their distribution is a viable source of DNA with which to examine a wide range of vertebrates. Thus, this study provides encouraging support for the potential of haematophagous terrestrial leeches as a tool for detecting and monitoring terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity.
FIGURE 6 in The smallest terrestrial vertebrate of Ecuador: A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor
FIGURE 6. Color variation of paratypes in preservative. (A) Striped dorsum, QCAZ 41430, male. (B) Gray dorsum, QCAZ 41672, female. (C) Brown-grayish dorsum, QCAZ 41607, female. (D) Brown dorsum, QCAZ 41426, female. (E) Brown-reddish dorsum, QCAZ 41619, male. (F) Brown venter, QCAZ 41667, male. (G) Brown and cream venter, QCAZ 41607, female.
FIGURE 8 in The smallest terrestrial vertebrate of Ecuador: A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor
FIGURE 8. Postcranial skeleton of Pristimantis minimus, QCAZ 41495. (A) Vertebral column in dorsal view. (B) Pectoral girdle in ventral view. (C) Pelvic girdle in lateral view (D) Hand in dorsal view (E) Foot in ventral view. Cartilage and articular surfaces are shown in gray; stippling on cartilage denotes mineralization. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 7 in The smallest terrestrial vertebrate of Ecuador: A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor
FIGURE 7. Skull of Pristimantis minimus, QCAZ 41495 (adult female), in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. D. Hyoid. Cartilage is shown in gray. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in The smallest terrestrial vertebrate of Ecuador: A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor
FIGURE 2. Pristimantis minimus in life. (A) QCAZ 41033, SVL 12.1 mm, adult male on a US penny; (B) QCAZ 41612, SVL 11.9 mm, adult male, holotype. Photographs by: (A) Santiago R. Ron and (B) Luis A. Coloma.
FIGURE 3 in The smallest terrestrial vertebrate of Ecuador: A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor
FIGURE 3. Distribution of Pristimantis minimus, Cordillera del Cóndor, Provincia Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador.
FIGURE 4 in The smallest terrestrial vertebrate of Ecuador: A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor
FIGURE 4. Ventral view of hand and foot of Pristimantis minimus. (A, B) QCAZ 41612, holotype. (C, D) QCAZ 41430. Note that specimens shown in (C, D) are darker, facilitating the observation (by contrasting coloration) of tubercles.
A global ecological signal of extinction risk in terrestrial vertebrates
<p>To determine the distribution and causes of extinction threat across functional groups of terrestrial vertebrates, we assembled a dataset on ecological traits for 18,016 species and tested, using phylogenetic comparative methods, which categories of habitat association, mode of locomotion, and feeding mode best predict extinction risk. We found that cave-dwelling amphibians, brachiating mammals (all of which are primates), aerial and scavenging birds, and pedal squamates are all disproportionately threatened with extinction. Across four vertebrate classes, agriculture, followed by logging, and then invasive species and disease are the most common risk factors of extinction. The most endangered species show simultaneous risk from multiple threat types. The disproportionate loss of species with certain functional traits, combined with increasing anthropogenic pressures, is likely to disrupt ecosystem functions globally if left unabated. A shift in focus from species- to trait-centric conservation practices will allow for the protection of at-risk functional diversity from regional to global scales.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. S.m.murinaWaterhouse,1838—E&SEAustralia,EQueensland(includingFraserI),NewSouthWales,Victoria,andE&SESouthAustralia. S. m. tate: Troughton, 1965 — NE Queensland. The subspecies are probably allopatric, with neither form apparently occurring in mideastern Queensland, a known biogeographical barrier to many terrestrial vertebrates. in Dasyuridae
Subspecies and Distribution. S.m.murinaWaterhouse,1838—E&SEAustralia,EQueensland(includingFraserI),NewSouthWales,Victoria,andE&SESouthAustralia. S. m. tate: Troughton, 1965 — NE Queensland. The subspecies are probably allopatric, with neither form apparently occurring in mideastern Queensland, a known biogeographical barrier to many terrestrial vertebrates.
On the study of fauna (macroinvertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) of the lower course of Shokhdara river valley in Pamir, Mountain Bodakhshan, Tajikistan.Appendices. Lists of terrestrial vertebrates recorded in the field survey at the Shokhdara and Panj Rivers
<p><strong><span>Appendix</span><span> 1. A list of records of batracho- and herpetofauna in the field survey.<br><span>Appendix 2.</span> List of avifauna of the surveyed region.<br><span>Appendix 3<span> A</span><span> list of mammals recorded in the field survey.</span></span></span></strong></p>
Range-wide salamander densities reveal a key component of terrestrial vertebrate biomass in eastern North American forests
<p>Characterizing the population density of species is a central interest in ecology. Eastern North America is the global hotspot for biodiversity of plethodontid salamanders, an inconspicuous component of terrestrial vertebrate communities, and among the most widespread is the eastern red-backed salamander, <em>Plethodon cinereus</em>. Previous work suggests population densities are high with significant geographic variation, but comparisons among locations are challenged by lack of standardization and failure to accommodate imperfect detection. We present results from a range-wide monitoring network that accounts for detection uncertainty using systematic survey protocols and robust quantitative models. We analyzed mark-recapture data from 19 study areas across the range. Estimated salamander densities ranged from 1950 to 34300 salamanders/ha, with a median of 9965 salamanders/ha. We compare these results to previous estimates for <em>P. cinereus </em>and other abundant terrestrial vertebrates. We demonstrate that overall biomass of <em>P. cinereus</em>, a secondary consumer, is of similar or greater magnitude to widespread primary consumers such as white-tailed deer and Peromyscus mice, and 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than common high-biomass omnivorous species and other secondary consumer species. Our results add empirical evidence that <em>P. cinereus</em> specifically, and amphibians in general, are an outsized component of terrestrial vertebrate communities in temperate ecosystems.</p>
Data from: Archipelagos of the Anthropocene: rapid and extensive differentiation of native terrestrial vertebrates in a single metropolis
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.