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Fig. 3 in M Or P Ho L O Gi Ca L Va R Iati On An D P Op U Lat Io N Structure Of The Natterjack Toad, Epidalea Calamita, In Northern Part Of The Range In Belarus

Fig. 3. The color differences of males and females Natterjack toad Epidalea calamita in population of Belarus.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Fig. 8 in Action Plan For The Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina Bombina In Latvia: Assessment Of The Implementation For Ten Years, Releasing From Aquaculture And Restoration Of Habitats In 2006-2016

Fig. 8. Fitted linear model of the relationship between Actions' implementation before and after BAP.

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Fig. 7 in Action Plan For The Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina Bombina In Latvia: Assessment Of The Implementation For Ten Years, Releasing From Aquaculture And Restoration Of Habitats In 2006-2016

Fig. 7. Box-and-Whicker plots for Species Conservation and Habitats Conservation Sub-actions' implementation in points before and after BAP.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Helpful invaders: Can cane toads reduce the parasite burdens of native frogs?

Fig. 1. Effect of order of exposure and type of anuran species (native frog versus cane toad) on the number of lungworm (Rhabdias hylae) larvae taken up in one hour in experimental arenas. Graph displays average values ±1 S.E.

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Fig. 2 in Helpful invaders: Can cane toads reduce the parasite burdens of native frogs?

Fig. 2. Effect of prior exposure to Rhabdias hylae on the subsequent establishment of another lungworm species (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) in the lungs of cane toad metamorphs. Graph displays average values ±1 S.E.

Fig. 4 in Do invasive cane toads affect the parasite burdens of native Australian frogs?

Fig. 4. (A) Prevalence (% of anurans infected) and (B) intensity (mean number of cysts and worms per infected host) of parasitic nematodes in anurans from cane toad-present, and cane toad-absent areas in northern NSW. Bars represent standard errors.

Fig. 1 in Do invasive cane toads affect the parasite burdens of native Australian frogs?

Fig. 1. (A) Prevalence (% of anurans infected) and (B) intensity (mean number of worms per infected host) of parasitic lungworms in cane toads and native anuran from northern NSW. Bars represent standard errors.

Fig. 3 in Do invasive cane toads affect the parasite burdens of native Australian frogs?

Fig. 3. (A) Prevalence (% of anurans infected) and (B) intensity (mean number of cysts and worms per infected host) of parasitic larval nematodes in cane toads and native anurans from northern NSW. Bars represent standard errors.

Fig. 2 in Do invasive cane toads affect the parasite burdens of native Australian frogs?

Fig. 2. (A) Prevalence (% of anurans infected) and (B) intensity (mean number of worms per infected host) of parasitic lungworms in anurans from cane toadpresent, and cane toad-absent areas in northern NSW. Bars represent standard errors.

Fig. 3 in Behavioral, physiological and morphological correlates of parasite intensity in the wild Cururu toad (Rhinella icterica)

Fig. 3. Association between locomotor performance and pulmonary parasite intensity in Rhinella icterica (N = 20; r = –0.49, P = 0.03). SVL = snout-vent length.

Fig. 2 in Behavioral, physiological and morphological correlates of parasite intensity in the wild Cururu toad (Rhinella icterica)

Fig. 2. Association between standard metabolic rate and total parasite intensity in Rhinella icterica (N = 22; r = –0.45, P = 0.03).

Fig. 1 in Behavioral, physiological and morphological correlates of parasite intensity in the wild Cururu toad (Rhinella icterica)

Fig. 1. Association between the score of the first component of a PCA on morphological variables (large heart, kidney and intestine masses) and parasite intensities in Rhinella icterica (N = 16). Full circles represent total parasite intensity (r = 0.66, P <0.01), open circles represent pulmonary parasite intensity (r = 0.71, P <0.01), and open triangles represent intestinal parasite intensity (r = 0.51, P = 0.04).

Fig. 3 in Using experimental de-worming to measure the immunological and pathological impacts of lungworm infection in cane toads

Fig. 3. The effects of lungworm (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala infection level on lung pathology of 15 cane toads. (A) number of areas of inflammation predominated by lymphocytes, (B) number of areas of regional septal fibrosis, and (C) areas of inflammation predominated by neutrophils and macrophages. The size of the symbols represents sample size of each count.

Fig. 2 in Using experimental de-worming to measure the immunological and pathological impacts of lungworm infection in cane toads

Fig. 2. Effects of anthelmintic injection (Ivermectin) on the viability of adult lungworms (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala inside the lungs of cane toads (n = 10) hosts over a 7-day period following anthelmintic injection. Lungworm viability scores (see text for definitions) decreased with time since injection. The size of the symbols represents sample size of each score. Two toads had not been treated with anthelmintic when euthanized and were given scores of 0 days post injection.

Fig. 6 in Using experimental de-worming to measure the immunological and pathological impacts of lungworm infection in cane toads

Fig. 6. (A) The effects of anthelmintic treatment on relative liver mass of 5 de-wormed (open bars) vs. 6 not de-wormed (grey bars) free-ranging toads. (B) Effect of experimental treatment on relative liver mass of 49 captive cane toads. ID = infected, dewormed (n = 11), IC = infected, control (n = 13), ND = non-infected, de-wormed

Fig. 4 in Using experimental de-worming to measure the immunological and pathological impacts of lungworm infection in cane toads

Fig. 4. The effects of lungworm (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) abundance on leukocyte concentrations in cane toads. Captive toads (n = 19) exhibited high leukocyte concentrations that were independent of the level of Rhabdias infection. In contrast, leukocyte concentrations in free-ranging toads (n = 11) increased with Rhabdias infection level.

Fig. 2 in The things they carried: The pathogenic effects of old and new parasites following the intercontinental invasion of the Australian cane toad (Rhinella marina)

Fig. 2. Phenomena occurring in pathogen/parasite load during the introduction of exotic host species. All of these concepts are exemplified by the

Fig. 1 in The things they carried: The pathogenic effects of old and new parasites following the intercontinental invasion of the Australian cane toad (Rhinella marina)

Fig. 1. Cane toad (Rhinella marina), a large bufonid anuran invasive to Australia. Photo taken by Dr. Matt Greenlees.

Fig. 3 in The things they carried: The pathogenic effects of old and new parasites following the intercontinental invasion of the Australian cane toad (Rhinella marina)

Fig. 3. Known distribution of the cane toad throughout Australia. Since arriving in Queensland, Australia in 1935, cane toads have further expanded their range through New South Wales, the Northern Territory, and into Western Australia. Map created by Georgia Ward-Fear (Tingley et al., In review).