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226 results for “tone”
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Paired With Tones for Tinnitus
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01962558. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
EMS for Abdominal and Gluteal Muscle Toning
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03983304. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Does Improving Vagal Tone Increase Mitochondrial Bioenergetics
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03931330. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Predictive Value Of Muscle Tone And Perfusion Index In Supraclavicular Block Success.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06915519. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Neural processing and perception of Schroeder‐phase harmonic tone complexes in the gerbil: Relating single‐unit neurophysiology to behavior
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Acute pain after total knee arthroplasty: 2-arachidonoylglycerol tone and endocannabinoid/eicosanoid crosstalk
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Data from: Effects of ambient noise on detectability and localization of avian songs and tones by observers in grasslands
Probability of detection and accuracy of distance estimates in aural avian surveys may be affected by the presence of anthropogenic noise, and this may lead to inaccurate evaluations of the effects of noisy infrastructure on wildlife. We used arrays of speakers broadcasting recordings of grassland bird songs and pure tones to assess the probability of detection, and localization accuracy, by observers at sites with and without noisy oil and gas infrastructure in south-central Alberta from 2012 to 2014. Probability of detection varied with species and with speaker distance from transect line, but there were few effects of noisy infrastructure. Accuracy of distance estimates for songs and tones decreased as distance to observer increased, and distance estimation error was higher for tones at sites with infrastructure noise. Our results suggest that quiet to moderately loud anthropogenic noise may not mask detection of bird songs; however, errors in distance estimates during aural surveys may lead to inaccurate estimates of avian densities calculated using distance sampling. We recommend caution when applying distance sampling if most birds are unseen, and where ambient noise varies among treatments.
Alpha Bantu Tone-1
<p>This is a bibliographic data listing the primary descriptive sources for the study of tone in Bantu languages. This is the first version of the alpha release of the database. The DOI for version 1 of the database is <strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.35173</strong> and the DOI for the most recent version (2) is <strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.35175.</strong></p>
Alpha Bantu Tone-2
<p>This is a bibliographic data listing the primary descriptive sources for the study of tone in Bantu languages. This is the first version of the alpha release of the database. The DOI for version 1 of the database is <strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.35173</strong> and the DOI for the most recent version (2) is <strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.35175</strong></p>
FIGURE 3 in Mikrischyrum musicum, a new katydid species from montane rainforest in southern Ecuador with complex pure-tone calling song (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae: Platyphyllini)
FIGURE 3. Calling song of Mikrischyrum musicum: A. oscillogram of complete pulse train (20°C, holotype, recording cbt-019s04r03), B. first group of four pulses of A in higher resolution (and photo of holotype staged at day), C. linear spectrogram, D. zero-crossing analysis of one pulse, E. field recording together with two other katydid species, the arrow points at first pulse of the M. musicum sequence (13°C, cbt019x01r01, 14 August 1998), F. spectrogram taken from this recording with the distinctive peak of the new species, G. spectrogram of an unknown katydid species, showing the M. musicum peak too, H. spectrogram of an undescribed species of Aemasia (also Platyphyllini, song known from collected males, Braun 2002: Figs. 6.2.4, 6.3.3), based on the second call right after the end of the M. musicum sequence.
FIGURE 2 in Mikrischyrum musicum, a new katydid species from montane rainforest in southern Ecuador with complex pure-tone calling song (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae: Platyphyllini)
FIGURE 2. Mikrischyrum musicum: A. male habitus, B. male subgenital plate in ventral view, C. male left cercus in dorsal view, D. male pronotum in dorsal view, E. ovipositor of female (pencil drawings done in October 2003, after holotype and a paratype).
FIGURE 1 in Mikrischyrum musicum, a new katydid species from montane rainforest in southern Ecuador with complex pure-tone calling song (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae: Platyphyllini)
FIGURE 1. Mikrischyrum musicum: A. male holotype in dorsal view, B. same in lateral view, C. female paratype to same scale as B (specimen cbt019s01).
Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. in Viverridae
Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40.
Syllable Structure and Morphemicity in Tone Patterns on Verbs in Kanise Khumi
<p>In the Khomic group within Kuki-Chin, there have been conflicting representations of whether all morphemes bear tone, or whether tonelessness is related to syllable type. While verb roots in these languages can be monosyllabic or sesquisyllabic, they are always bound by affixes and clitics. This study offers a fine-grained analysis of tonal variation on various syllable types and morphemes. I examine verbs in Kanise Khumi using archived wordlist data. In addition to pitch specification in various contexts, I focus on the durability of voice quality cues that are associated with Kanise tones.</p>
Data for: Unraveling the influence of essential climatic factors on the number of tones through an extensive database of languages in China
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Unraveling the influence of essential climatic factors on the number of tones through an extensive database of languages in China
<h2><strong>Code</strong></h2> <ul> <li><strong>01TextGrid.</strong><strong>p</strong><strong>raat<br></strong>Segment and label the sound files in all folders under the directory</li> <li><strong>02Extract voice quality data.praat<br></strong>Extract voice quality parameters, including jitter, shimmer, HNR, CPP, H1-H2, H1-A1, H1-A2, and H1-A3</li> <li><strong>03Extract pitch data.praat<br></strong>Extract pitch data, including maximum, minimum, range, mean, upper quartile, lower quartile, pitch inter-quartile range, and median absolute deviation</li> <li><strong>04Correlation Analysis and Mantel Test.R<br></strong>Correlation tests between different variables and create correlation plots.</li> <li><strong>05GAMM_Voice quality~Climate factors.R<br></strong>Examine the relationship between climate factors and voice quality</li> <li><strong>06GAMM_Tone ~ Voice quality.R<br></strong>Examine the relationship between voice quality and the number of tones</li> <li><strong>07GAMM_Tone~Climate factors.R<strong><br></strong></strong>Examine the relationship between climate factors and the number of tones</li> <li><strong>08GAMM_Pitch~Climate factors.R<br></strong>Examine the relationship between pitch variation, the number of tones, and climate factors</li> </ul> <h2><strong>Data</strong></h2> <p>All extracted data files are in the data folder.</p> <ul> <li><strong>1525dataset.csv<br></strong>The file includes data for 1,525 language varieties with the following information: geographic location names (column A), linguistic classification and ASJP name information (columns B-E), longitude and latitude and information (columns F-G), number of tones (column H), Pitch information (columns I-J), voice quality information (columns K-R), climate information (columns S-X)</li> <li><strong>Geographical distance.csv<br></strong>The geographic distances between 1,525 language varieties were calculated using the Delaunay-Dijkstra method</li> <li><strong>Language distance.csv<br></strong>The language distances between 1,525 language varieties were calculated using the ASJP method.</li> <li><strong>S</strong><strong>pecifichumiditydif</strong><strong>.csv<br></strong>Specific humidity difference dataset for the locations of 1,525 language varieties</li> <li><strong>Tonedif.csv<br></strong>Tone difference dataset among 1,525 language varieties</li> <li><strong>Voice quality data extracted using different methods.csv<br></strong>Voice quality data for 1,115 dialectal variants, analyzed at both the lexical level and the vowel "a" level. Columns B–I present voice quality parameters extracted from the vowel, while columns J–Q provide data extracted from the lexical items.</li> </ul>
FIGURE 3. Opuntia olmeca. A. Shrubby habit, 1.00 m high. B. Defined trunk, grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. C in Opuntia tehuacana and O. olmeca (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae) are to be considered as ascribed to a single species: morphological and molecular evidences
FIGURE 3. Opuntia olmeca. A. Shrubby habit, 1.00 m high. B. Defined trunk, grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. C. Juvenile cladode, prominent tubers, areolas with short yellowish trichomes. Photographs by Martínez-González.
FIGURE 1. Opuntia tehuacana. A. Shrubby habit, 1.20 m high. B. Defined trunk, grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. C in Opuntia tehuacana and O. olmeca (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae) are to be considered as ascribed to a single species: morphological and molecular evidences
FIGURE 1. Opuntia tehuacana. A. Shrubby habit, 1.20 m high. B. Defined trunk, grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. C. Juvenile cladode, prominent tubers, areolas with short yellowish trichomes. Photographs by Martínez-González.
FIGURE 15. Opuntia hyptiacantha. A. 2.15 m high tree. B. Defined trunk, slightly grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. C in Molecular and morphological notes on Opuntia ser. Streptacanthae (Cactaceae)
FIGURE 15. Opuntia hyptiacantha. A. 2.15 m high tree. B. Defined trunk, slightly grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. C. Juvenile cladode with prominent tubers.
FIGURE 7. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Arborescent habit, 2 m high. B. Defined trunk, slightly grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. C in Molecular and morphological notes on Opuntia ser. Streptacanthae (Cactaceae)
FIGURE 7. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Arborescent habit, 2 m high. B. Defined trunk, slightly grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. C. Juvenile cladode with prominent tubers.
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